Saraṇagamanakathāvaṇṇanā
Idāni tesu saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ , saraṇagamanaṃ .
Yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati , saraṇagamanappabhedo
P1.132 , saraṇagamanassa phalaṃ , saṃkileso , bhedoti ayaṃ vidhi veditabbo .Seyyathidaṃ – padatthato tāva hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ , saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiparikilesaṃ hanati vināsetīti attho , ratanattayassevetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .
Atha vā hite pavattanena ahitā ca nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati buddho .
Bhavakantārā uttāraṇena assāsadānena ca dhammo .
Appakānampi kārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena saṅgho .
Tasmā imināpi pariyāyena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ .
Tappasādataggarutāhi vihatakileso tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ .
Taṃsamaṅgisatto saraṇaṃ gacchati , vuttappakārena cittuppādena etāni me tīṇi saraṇāni saraṇaṃ , etāni parāyaṇanti evaṃ upetīti attho .
Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchatīti idaṃ tayaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Saraṇagamanappabhede pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca .
Tattha lokuttaraṃ diṭṭhasaccānaṃ
V1.141 maggakkhaṇe saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedena ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati .Lokiyaṃ puthujjanānaṃ saraṇagamanupakkilesavikkhambhanena ārammaṇato buddhādiguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā ijjhati , taṃ atthato buddhādīsu vatthūsu saddhāpaṭilābho , saddhāmūlikā ca sammādiṭṭhi dasasu puññakiriyavatthūsu diṭṭhijukammanti vuccati .
Tayidaṃ catudhā pavattati attasanniyyātanena tapparāyaṇatāya sissabhāvūpagamanena paṇipātenāti .
Tattha attasanniyyātanaṃ nāma ‘‘ ajja
M1.137 ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa niyyātemi , dhammassa , saṅghassā ’’ ti evaṃ buddhādīnaṃ attapariccajanaṃ .Tapparāyaṇatā nāma ‘‘ ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhaparāyaṇo , dhammaparāyaṇo , saṅghaparāyaṇo iti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ tapparāyaṇabhāvo .
Sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ nāma ‘‘ ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhassa antevāsiko , dhammassa , saṅghassāti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ sissabhāvūpagamo .
Paṇipāto nāma ‘‘ ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ vatthūnaṃ karomi , iti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ buddhādīsu
P1.133 paramanipaccakāro .Imesañhi catunnaṃ ākārānaṃ aññatarampi karontena gahitaṃyeva hoti saraṇagamanaṃ .
Apica bhagavato attānaṃ pariccajāmi , dhammassa , saṅghassa attānaṃ pariccajāmi .
Jīvitaṃ pariccajāmi , pariccattoyeva me attā , pariccattaṃyeva me jīvitaṃ , jīvitapariyantikaṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi , buddho me saraṇaṃ leṇaṃ tāṇanti evampi attasanniyyātanaṃ veditabbaṃ .
‘‘ Satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ , sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ , sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ bhagavantameva passeyyan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.154) evampi mahākassapassa saraṇagamanaṃ viya sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .
‘‘ So ahaṃ vicarissāmi , gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ ;
Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ , dhammassa ca sudhammatan ’’ ti .( su . ni .194; saṃ . ni .1.246)–
Evampi āḷavakādīnaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ viya tapparāyaṇatā veditabbā .
‘‘ Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo
V1.142 uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati , pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati , nāmañca sāveti brahmāyu ahaṃ , bho gotama , brāhmaṇo , brahmāyu ahaṃ , bho gotama , brāhmaṇo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .2.394) evampi paṇipāto daṭṭhabbo .So panesa ñātibhayācariyadakkhiṇeyyavasena catubbidho hoti .
Tattha dakkhiṇeyyapaṇipātena saraṇagamanaṃ hoti , na itarehi .
Seṭṭhavaseneva hi saraṇaṃ gayhati , seṭṭhavasena bhijjati , tasmā yo sākiyo
M1.138 vā koliyo vā ‘‘ buddho amhākaṃ ñātako ’’ ti vandati , aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ .Yo vā ‘‘ samaṇo gotamo rājapūjito mahānubhāvo , avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyā ’’ ti bhayena vandati , aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ .
Yo vā bodhisattakāle bhagavato santike kiñci uggahitaṃ saramāno buddhakāle vā –
‘‘ Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya , dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye ;
Catutthañca nidhāpeyya , āpadāsu bhavissatī ’’ ti .( dī . ni .3.265)–
Evarūpaṃ anusāsaniṃ uggahetvā ‘‘ ācariyo me ’’ ti vandati , aggahitameva
P1.134 hoti saraṇaṃ .Yo pana ‘‘ ayaṃ loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo ’’ ti vandati , teneva gahitaṃ hoti saraṇaṃ .
Evaṃ gahitasaraṇassa ca upāsakassa vā upāsikāya vā aññatitthiyesu pabbajitampi ñātiṃ ‘‘ ñātako me ayan ’’ ti vandato saraṇagamanaṃ na bhijjati , pageva apabbajitaṃ .
Tathā rājānaṃ bhayavasena vandato , so hi raṭṭhapūjitattā avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyāti .
Tathā yaṃkiñci sippaṃ sikkhāpakaṃ titthiyaṃ ‘‘ ācariyo me ayan ’’ ti vandatopi na bhijjatīti evaṃ saraṇagamanappabhedo veditabbo .
Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraṇagamanassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni vipākaphalaṃ , sabbadukkhakkhayo ānisaṃsaphalaṃ .
Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘ Yo
V1.143 ca buddhañca dhammañca , saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato ;Cattāri ariyasaccāni , sammappaññāya passati .
Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ , dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ ;
Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ , dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ .
Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ , etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ ;
Etaṃ saraṇamāgamma , sabbadukkhā pamuccatī ’’ ti .( dha . pa .190-192);
Apica niccato anupagamanādivasena petassa ānisaṃsaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Vuttañhetaṃ ,‘‘ aṭṭhānametaṃ , bhikkhave , anavakāso , yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kañci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya , sukhato upagaccheyya , kañci dhammaṃ attato upagaccheyya , mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya , pitaraṃ arahantaṃ
M1.139 jīvitā voropeyya , duṭṭhacitto tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppādeyya , saṅghaṃ bhindeyya , aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyya , netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.128; a . ni .1.268-276).Lokiyassa pana saraṇagamanassa bhavasampadāpi bhogasampadāpi phalameva .
Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘ Yekeci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse ,
Na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ ,
Devakāyaṃ paripūressantī ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.37);
Aparampi
P1.135 vuttaṃ ‘‘ atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno , tenupasaṅkami … pe … ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca ‘ sādhu kho devānaminda buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti , buddhaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho devānaminda evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃV1.144 upapajjantī ’ ti .Te aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena sukhena yasena ādhipateyyena dibbehi rūpehi saddehi gandhehi rasehi phoṭṭhabbehī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.341).
Esa nayo dhamme saṅghe ca .
Apica velāmasuttādivasenāpi ( a . ni .9.20) saraṇagamanassa phalaviseso veditabbo .
Evaṃ saraṇagamanaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Tattha lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ tīsu vatthūsu aññāṇasaṃsayamicchāñāṇādīhi saṃkilissati , na mahājutikaṃ hoti , na mahāvipphāraṃ .
Lokuttarassa natthi saṃkileso .
Lokiyassa ca saraṇagamanassa duvidho bhedo sāvajjo anavajjo ca .
Tattha sāvajjo aññasatthārādīsu attasanniyyātanādīhi hoti , so aniṭṭhaphalo .
Anavajjo kālaṃ kiriyāya , so avipākattā aphalo .
Lokuttarassa pana nevatthi bhedo .
Bhavantarepi hi ariyasāvako aññasatthāraṃ na uddisatīti evaṃ saraṇagamanassa saṃkileso ca bhedo ca veditabboti .
Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretūti maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo ‘‘ upāsako ayan ’’ ti evaṃ dhāretu , jānātūti attho .
Saraṇagamanakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .