1. Mūlapariyāyasuttavaṇṇanā

1. YaṃV1.5M1.4P1.3 panetaṃ ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ tiādikaṃ nidānaṃ .

Tattha evan ti nipātapadaṃ .

Metiādīni nāmapadāni .

Ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharatīti ettha vīti upasaggapadaṃ , haratīti ākhyātapadanti iminā tāva nayena padavibhāgo veditabbo .

Atthato pana evaṃ -saddo tāva upamūpadesasampahaṃsanagarahaṇavacanasampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇādianekatthappabhedo .

Tathāhesa –

‘‘ evaṃ jātena maccena kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahun ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dha . pa .53) upamāyaṃ āgato .

‘‘ Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ , evaṃ te paṭikkamitabban ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.122) upadese .

‘‘ Evametaṃ bhagavā , evametaṃ sugatā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) sampahaṃsane .

‘‘ Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.187) garahaṇe .

‘‘ Evaṃ bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosun ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe .

‘‘ Evaṃ byākho ahaṃ , bhante , bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.398) ākāre .

‘‘ Ehi tvaṃ , māṇavaka , yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama , upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ , ānandaṃ , appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha –

‘ subho māṇavo todeyyaputto , bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ , appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī ’ ti , evañca vadehi sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ , tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.445) nidassane .

‘‘ Taṃ kiṃ maññatha , kālāmā , ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalāV1.6 vāti ?

Akusalā , bhante .

Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāti ?

Sāvajjā , bhante .

Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vāti ?

Viññugarahitā , bhante .

Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti no vā , kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti ?

Samattā , bhante , samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti , evaṃ no ettha hotī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) avadhāraṇe .

Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo .

TatthaM1.5 ākāraṭṭhena evaṃ saddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇaṃ anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃP1.4 tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ , sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti .

Nidassanaṭṭhena ‘‘ nāhaṃ sayambhū , na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan ’’ ti attānaṃ parimocento evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayāpi evaṃ sutanti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ nidasseti .

Avadhāraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘ etadaggaṃ , bhikkhave , mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando , gatimantānaṃ , satimantānaṃ , dhitimantānaṃ , upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.219-223) evaṃ bhagavatā ,‘‘ āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.169) evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ , tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ , evameva na aññathā daṭṭhabban ’’ ti .

Me -saddo tīsu atthesu dissati .

Tathā hissa ‘‘ gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyan ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .81) mayāti attho .

‘‘ Sādhu me , bhante bhagavā , saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.88) mayhanti attho .

‘‘ Dhammadāyādā me , bhikkhave , bhavathā ’’ tiādīsuV1.7 ( ma . ni .1.29) mamāti attho .

Idha pana ‘‘ mayā sutan ’’ ti ca ‘‘ mama sutan ’’ ti ca atthadvaye yujjati .

Sutan ti ayaṃ suta-saddo saupasaggo ca anupasaggo ca gamana-vissuta-kilinna-upacitānuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadvārānusāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo .

Tathā hissa ‘‘ senāya pasuto ’’ tiādīsu gacchantoti attho .

‘‘ Sutadhammassa passato ’’ tiādīsu ( udā .11) vissutadhammassāti attho ,‘‘ avassutā avassutassāti ’’ ādīsu ( pāci .657) kilinnā kilinnassāti attho .

‘‘ Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakan ’’ tiādīsu ( khu . pā .7.12) upacitantiM1.6 attho .

‘‘ Ye jhānapasutā dhīrā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .181) jhānānuyuttāti attho .

‘‘ Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutan ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho .

‘‘ Sutadharo sutasannicayo ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho .

Idha panassa sotadvārānusārena ‘‘ upadhāritan ’’ ti vā ‘‘ upadhāraṇan ’’ ti vātiP1.5 attho .

Me-saddassa hi mayāti atthe sati ‘‘ evaṃ mayā sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāritan ’’ ti yujjati .

Mamāti atthe sati ‘‘ evaṃ mama sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇan ’’ ti yujjati .

Evametesu tīsu padesu evan ti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ .

Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ .

Sutan ti assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ .

Tathā evan ti tassā sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ .

Meti attappakāsanaṃ .

Sutan ti dhammappakāsanaṃ .

Ayañhettha saṅkhepo ‘‘ nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ , idaṃ pana kataṃ , ayaṃ dhammo suto ’’ ti .

Tathā evan ti niddisitabbappakāsanaṃ .

Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ .

Sutan ti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi , taṃ mayā evaṃ sutanti .

Tathā evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti , tassaV1.8 nānākāraniddeso .

Evan ti hi ayaṃ ākārapaññatti , meti kattuniddeso , sutan ti visayaniddeso .

Ettāvatā nānākārappavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattuvisaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti .

Atha vā evan ti puggalakiccaniddeso .

Sutan ti viññāṇakiccaniddeso .

Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso .

Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena sutanti .

Tattha evan ti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti .

Kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi , yaṃ evanti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha ?

Sutan tiM1.7 vijjamānapaññatti .

Yañhi tamettha sotena upaladdhaṃ , taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti .

Tathā evan ti ca meti ca taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti .

Sutan ti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti .

Ettha ca evan ti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti .

Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti .

Sutan ti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti .

Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hotiP1.6 , na so kālantarena mayā sutanti paṭijānāti .

Iccassa asammohena paññāsiddhi , asammosena pana satisiddhi .

Tattha paññā pubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā , satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedhasamatthatā , tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi .

Aparo nayo – evan ti vacanena yoniso manasikāraṃ dīpeti , ayoniso manasikaroto hi nānappakārapaṭivedhābhāvato .

Sutan ti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti , vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato .

Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘ na mayā sutaṃ , puna bhaṇathā ’’ ti bhaṇati .

Yoniso manasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti , sammā apaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato .

AvikkhepenaV1.9 pana saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti .

Na hi vikkhittacitto sotuṃ sakkoti , na ca sappurise anupassayamānassa savanaṃ atthīti .

Aparo nayo – yasmā evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti , tassa nānākāraniddesoti vuttaṃ .

So ca evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti , tasmā evan ti iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattiṃ attano dīpeti , sutan ti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ .

Na hi appatirūpadese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi .

Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti .

Purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi .

Tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi , payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi .

Iti payogāsayasuddhassaM1.8 āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato yonisomanasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento evaṃ me sutan tiādimāha .

Aparo nayo – evan ti iminā nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti .

Sutan ti iminā sotabbabhedapaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃP1.7 .

Evan ti ca idaṃ yonisomanasikāradīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhāsamāno –

‘‘ ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā ’’ ti dīpeti .

Sutan ti idaṃ savanayogadīpakaṃ vacanaṃ bhāsamāno –

‘‘ bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā ’’ ti dīpeti .

Tadubhayenapi atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti .

Atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabboti .

‘‘ Evaṃ me sutan ’’ ti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati , sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati .

Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti , saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti .

‘‘ Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayāV1.10 tasseva pana bhagavato vacanan ’’ ti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti , satthāraṃ apadisati , jinavacanaṃ appeti , dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti .

Apica ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ ti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ vivaranto ‘‘ sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa vacanaṃ , na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kattabbā ’’ ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti , saddhāsampadaṃ uppādetīti .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ VināsayatiM1.9 assaddhaṃ , saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane ;

Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ , vadaṃ gotamasāvako ’’ ti .

Ekan ti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso .

Samayan ti paricchinnaniddeso .

Ekaṃ samayan ti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ .

Tattha samaya saddo –

Samavāye khaṇe kāle , samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu ;

Paṭilābhe pahāne ca , paṭivedhe ca dissati .

Tathā hissa ‘‘ appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dī . ni .1.447) samavāyoP1.8 attho .

‘‘ Ekova kho , bhikkhave , khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .8.29) khaṇo .

‘‘ Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo ’’ tiādīsu ( pāci .358) kālo .

‘‘ Mahāsamayo pavanasmin ’’ tiādīsu samūho .

‘‘ Samayopi kho te , bhaddāli , appaṭividdho ahosi , bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati , bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati ,‘ bhaddāli , nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya na paripūrakārī ’ ti , ayampi kho te , bhaddāli , samayo appaṭividdho ahosī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.135) hetuV1.11 .

‘‘ Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.260) diṭṭhi .

‘‘ Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho , yo cattho samparāyiko ;

Atthābhisamayā dhīro , paṇḍitoti pavuccatī ’’ ti .

–

Ādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.129) paṭilābho .

‘‘ Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.24) pahānaṃ .

‘‘ Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho ’’ tiādīsu ( paṭi . ma .3.1) paṭivedho .

Idha panassa kālo attho .

Tena saṃvacchara-utu-māsaḍḍhamāsa-ratti-diva-pubbaṇha-majjhanhika-sāyanha- paṭhamamajjhimapacchimayāma-muhuttādīsu kālappabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti .

Tattha kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yamhi yamhi saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ therassaM1.10 suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya .

Yasmā pana ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ asukasaṃvacchare asukautumhi asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge vā ’’ ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā , bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti , tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha .

Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya suppakāsā anekakālappabhedā eva samayā , tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃP1.9 ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti .

Yo cāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu aruṇākiccasamayo , attahitaparahitapaṭipattisamayesu parahitapaṭipattisamayo , sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammikathāsamayo , desanāpaṭipattisamayesuV1.12 desanāsamayo , tesupi samayesu aññataraṃ sandhāya ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha .

Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaran ’’ ti ca ito aññesu suttapadesu ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye , bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato , vinaye ca ‘‘ tena samayena buddho bhagavā ’’ ti karaṇavacanena , tathā akatvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti upayogavacananiddeso katoti .

Tattha tathā idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato .

Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati .

Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho ca samūhattho ca samayo , tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati , tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato .

Vinaye ca hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati .

Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo , tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi , tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacanena niddeso kato .

IdhaM1.11 pana aññasmiñca evaṃjātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati .

Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi , accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi , tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ Taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā , bhummena karaṇena ca ;

Aññatra samayo vutto , upayogena so idhā ’’ ti .

PorāṇāP1.10 pana vaṇṇayanti –

‘‘ tasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti vā –

‘‘ tena samayenā ’’ ti vā –

‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ tiV1.13 vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa , sabbattha bhummameva atthoti .

Tasmā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti vuttepi ‘‘ ekasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti attho veditabbo .

Bhagavāti garu .

Garuñhi loke ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti vadanti .

Ayañca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu , tasmā ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti veditabbo .

Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ –

‘‘ Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ , bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ ;

Garugāravayutto so , bhagavā tena vuccatī ’’ ti .

Apica –

‘‘ Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto , bhagehi ca vibhattavā ;

Bhattavā vantagamano , bhavesu bhagavā tato ’’ ti .

–

Imissā gāthāya vasenassa padassa vitthārato attho veditabbo .

So ca visuddhimagge buddhānussatiniddese vuttoyeva .

Ettāvatā cettha evaṃ me sutan ti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ dassento bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti .

Tena –

‘‘ nayidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ , ayaṃ vo satthā ’’ ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti .

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti .

Tena ‘‘ evaṃvidhassaM1.12 nāma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo , sopi bhagavā parinibbuto , kena aññena jīvite āsā janetabbā ’’ ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti , saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti .

Evan ti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati .

Me sutan ti sāvakasampattiṃ .

Ekaṃ samayan ti kālasampattiṃ .

Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ .

Ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharatīti ettha ukkāti dīpikā , tañca nagaraṃ ‘‘ maṅgaladivaso sukhaṇo sunakkhattaṃV1.14 mā atikkamī ’’ ti rattimpi ukkāsu ṭhitāsu māpitattā ukkaṭṭhāti vuccati .

Daṇḍadīpikāsu jāletvā dhārīyamānāsu māpitattāti vuttaṃ hoti , tassaṃ ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ .

Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ .

Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresuP1.11 aññataravihārasamaṅgiparidīpanametaṃ .

Idha pana ṭhānagamananisinnasayanappabhedesu riyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃ .

Tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo .

So hi bhagavā ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti , tasmā viharatīti vuccati .

Subhagavaneti ettha subhagattā subhagaṃ , sundarasirikattā sundarakāmattā cāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tassa hi vanassa sirisampattiyā manussā annapānādīni ādāya divasaṃ tattheva chaṇasamajjaussave karontā bhogasukhaṃ anubhonti , sundarasundare cettha kāme patthenti ‘‘ puttaṃ labhāma , dhītaraṃ labhāmā ’’ ti , tesaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti , evaṃ taṃ sundarasirikattā sundarakāmattā ca subhagaṃ .

Apica bahujanakantatāyapi subhagaṃ .

Vanayatīti vanaṃ , attasampadāya sattānaṃ bhattiṃ kāreti , attani sinehaṃ uppādetīti attho .

Vanute iti vā vanaṃ , nānāvidhakusuma-gandhasammodamattakokilādivihaṅgamābhirutehi mandamālutacalitarukkhasākhāviṭapapallavapalāsehi ca ‘‘ etha maṃ paribhuñjathā ’’ ti sabbapāṇino yācati viyāti attho .

Subhagañca taṃ vanañcāti subhagavanaṃ .

Tasmiṃ subhagavane .

Vanañca nāma ropimaṃ , sayaṃjātanti duvidhaṃ .

Tattha veḷuvanajetavanādīniM1.13 ropimāni .

Andhavanamahāvanaañjanavanādīni sayaṃ jātāni .

Idampi sayaṃjātanti veditabbaṃ .

Sālarājamūleti ettha sālarukkhopi sāloti vuccati .

Yathāha ‘‘ seyyathāpi , bhikkhave , gāmassa vā nigamassa vā avidūre mahantaṃ sālavanaṃ , tañcassa eḷaṇḍehi sañchannan ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.225)‘‘ antarena yamakasālānan ’’ ti ca ( dī . ni .2.195) vanappatijeṭṭhakarukkhopi .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Taveva deva vijite , tavevuyyānabhūmiyā ;

Ujuvaṃsā mahāsālā , nīlobhāsā manoramā ’’ ti .( jā .2.19.4);

YoV1.15 koci rukkhopi .

Yathāha ‘‘ atha kho taṃ , bhikkhave , māluvabījaṃ aññatarasmiṃ sālamūle nipateyyā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.469).

IdhaP1.12 pana vanappatijeṭṭhakarukkho adhippeto .

Rājasaddo panassa tameva jeṭṭhakabhāvaṃ sādheti .

Yathāha ‘‘ suppatiṭṭhitassa kho brāhmaṇa dhammika nigrodharājassā ’’ ti ( a . ni .6.54).

Tattha dvedhā samāso , sālānaṃ rājātipi sālarājā , sālo ca so jeṭṭhakaṭṭhena rājā ca itipi sālarājā .

Mūlan ti samīpaṃ .

Ayañhi mūlasaddo ,‘‘ mūlāni uddhareyya , antamaso usiranāḷimattānipī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.195) mūlamūle dissati .

‘‘ Lobho akusalamūlan ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .3.305) asādhāraṇahetumhi .

‘‘ Yāva majjhanhike kāle chāyā pharati , nivāte paṇṇāni patanti , ettāvatā rukkhamūlan ’’ tiādīsu samīpe .

Idha pana samīpe adhippeto , tasmā sālarājassa samīpeti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Tattha siyā – yadi tāva bhagavā ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharati ,‘‘ subhagavane sālarājamūle ’’ ti na vattabbaṃ , atha tattha viharati ,‘‘ ukkaṭṭhāyan ’’ ti na vattabbaṃ , na hi sakkā ubhayattha ekaṃ samayaṃ viharitunti .

Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Nanu avocumha ‘‘ samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanan ’’ ti .

Tasmā yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘ gaṅgāya caranti , yamunāya carantī ’’ ti vuccanti , evamidhāpi yadidaṃ ukkaṭṭhāya samīpe subhagavanaṃ sālarājamūlaṃ , tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘ ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharati subhagavane sālarājamūle ’’ ti .

GocaragāmanidassanatthañhissaM1.14 ukkaṭṭhāvacanaṃ , pabbajitānurūpanivāsaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ sesavacanaṃ .

Tattha ukkaṭṭhākittanena āyasmā ānando bhagavato gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇaṃ dasseti , subhagavanādikittanena pabbajitānuggahakaraṇaṃ .

Tathā purimena paccayaggahaṇato attakilamathānuyogavivajjanaṃ , pacchimena vatthukāmappahānato kāmasukhallikānuyogavivajjanupāyadassanaṃ .

Purimena ca dhammadesanābhiyogaṃ , pacchimena vivekādhimuttiṃ .

Purimena karuṇāya upagamanaṃ , pacchimena paññāya apagamanaṃ .

Purimena sattānaṃ hitasukhanipphādanādhimuttataṃ , pacchimena parahitasukhakaraṇe nirupalepanaṃ .

Purimena dhammikasukhāpariccāganimittaṃV1.16 phāsuvihāraṃ , pacchimena uttarimanussadhammānuyoganimittaṃP1.13 .

Purimena manussānaṃ upakārabahulataṃ , pacchimena devānaṃ .

Purimena loke jātassa loke saṃvaḍḍhabhāvaṃ , pacchimena lokena anupalittataṃ .

Purimena ‘‘ ekapuggalo , bhikkhave , loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ .

Katamo ekapuggalo , tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.170) vacanato yadatthaṃ bhagavā uppanno , tadatthaparinipphādanaṃ , pacchimena yattha uppanno , tadanurūpavihāraṃ .

Bhagavā hi paṭhamaṃ lumbinivane , dutiyaṃ bodhimaṇḍeti lokiyalokuttarāya uppattiyā vaneyeva uppanno , tenassa vaneyeva vihāraṃ dassetīti evamādinā nayenettha atthayojanā veditabbā .

Tatrāti desakālaparidīpanaṃ .

Tañhi yaṃ samayaṃ viharati , tatra samaye .

Yasmiñca sālarājamūle viharati , tatra sālarājamūleti dīpeti .

Bhāsitabbayutte vā desakāle dīpeti .

Na hi bhagavā ayutte dese kāle vā dhammaṃ bhāsati .

‘‘ Akālo kho tāva bāhiyā ’’ ti ( udā .10) ādicettha sādhakaṃ .

Khoti padapūraṇamatte avadhāraṇe ādikālatthe vā nipāto .

Bhagavāti lokagarudīpanaṃ .

Bhikkhūti kathāsavanayuttapuggalavacanaṃ .

Apicettha ,‘‘ bhikkhakoti bhikkhu , bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagatoti bhikkhū ’’ tiādinā ( pārā .45) nayena vacanattho veditabbo .

Āmantesīti ālapi abhāsi sambodhesīti ayamettha attho .

AññatraM1.15 pana ñāpanepi hoti .

Yathāha ‘‘ āmantayāmi vo , bhikkhave , paṭivedayāmi vo , bhikkhave ’’ ti .

Pakkosanepi .

Yathāha ‘‘ ehi tvaṃ bhikkhu mama vacanena sāriputtaṃ āmantehī ’’ ti ( a . ni .9.11).

Bhikkhavoti āmantanākāradīpanaṃ .

Tañca bhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogasiddhattā vuttaṃ .

Bhikkhanasīlatāguṇayuttopi hi bhikkhu bhikkhanadhammatāguṇayuttopi .

Bhikkhane sādhukāritāguṇayuttopīti saddavidū maññanti .

Tena ca nesaṃ bhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogasiddhena vacanena hīnādhikajanasevitaṃ vuttiṃ pakāsento uddhatadīnabhāvaniggahaṃP1.14 karoti .

Bhikkhavoti iminā ca karuṇāvipphārasommahadayanayananipātapubbaṅgamena vacanena te attano mukhābhimukhe karoti .

Teneva ca kathetukamyatādīpakena vacanena nesaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti .

Teneva ca sambodhanaṭṭhenaV1.17 sādhukaṃ savanamanasikārepi ne niyojeti .

Sādhukasavanamanasikārāyattā hi sāsanasampatti .

Aparesupi devamanussesu vijjamānesu kasmā bhikkhūyeva āmantesīti ce .

Jeṭṭhaseṭṭhāsannasadāsannihitabhāvato .

Sabbaparisasādhāraṇā hi bhagavato dhammadesanā .

Parisāya ca jeṭṭhā bhikkhū , paṭhamuppannattā .

Seṭṭhā , anagāriyabhāvaṃ ādiṃ katvā satthucariyānuvidhāyakattā sakalasāsanapaṭiggāhakattā ca .

Āsannā , tattha nisinnesu satthusantikattā .

Sadāsannihitā , satthusantikāvacarattāti .

Apica te dhammadesanāya bhājanaṃ , yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattisabbhāvato .

Visesato ca ekacce bhikkhūyeva sandhāya ayaṃ desanātipi te eva āmantesi .

Tattha siyā – kimatthaṃ pana bhagavā dhammaṃ desento paṭhamaṃ bhikkhū āmantesi , na dhammameva desetīti .

Satijananatthaṃ .

Bhikkhū hi aññaṃ cintentāpi vikkhittacittāpi dhammaṃ paccavekkhantāpi kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikarontāpi nisinnā honti , te anāmantetvā dhamme desiyamāne –

‘‘ ayaṃ desanā kinnidānā kiṃpaccayā katamāya aṭṭhuppattiyā desitā ’’ ti sallakkhetuṃ asakkontā duggahitaṃ vā gaṇheyyuṃ , na vā gaṇheyyuṃ .

Tena nesaṃ satijananatthaṃ bhagavā paṭhamaṃ āmantetvā pacchā dhammaṃ deseti .

BhadantetiM1.16 gāravavacanametaṃ , satthuno paṭivacanadānaṃ vā , apicettha bhikkhavoti vadamāno bhagavā te bhikkhū ālapati .

Bhadanteti vadamānā te bhagavantaṃ paccālapanti .

Tathā bhikkhavoti bhagavā ābhāsati .

Bhadanteti te paccābhāsanti .

Bhikkhavoti paṭivacanaṃ dāpeti , bhadanteti paṭivacanaṃ denti .

Te bhikkhūti ye bhagavā āmantesi .

Bhagavato paccassosun ti bhagavato āmantanaṃ paṭiassosuṃ , abhimukhā hutvā suṇiṃsu sampaṭicchiṃsu paṭiggahesuntiP1.15 attho .

Bhagavā etadavocāti bhagavā etaṃ idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ avoca .

Ettāvatā ca yaṃ āyasmatā ānandena kamalakuvalayujjalavimalasādurasasalilāya pokkharaṇiyā sukhāvataraṇatthaṃ nimmalasilātalaracanavilāsasobhitaratanasopānaṃ vippakiṇṇamuttātalasadisavālikākiṇṇapaṇḍarabhūmibhāgaṃV1.18 titthaṃ viya suvibhattabhittivicitravedikāparikkhittassa nakkhattapathaṃ phusitukāmatāya viya , vijambhitasamussayassa pāsādavarassa sukhārohaṇatthaṃ dantamaya-saṇhamuduphalaka-kañcanalatāvinaddha- maṇigaṇappabhāsamudayujjalasobhaṃ sopānaṃ viya , suvaṇṇavalayānūpurādisaṅghaṭṭanasaddasammissitakathitahasitamadhurassaragehajanavicaritassa uḷāraissariyavibhavasobhitassa mahāgharassa sukhappavesanatthaṃ suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttāpavāḷādijutivissaravijjotita-suppatiṭṭhitavisāladvārabāhaṃ mahādvāraṃ viya ca atthabyañjanasampannassa buddhānaṃ desanāñāṇagambhīrabhāvasaṃsūcakassa imassa suttassa sukhāvagāhaṇatthaṃ kāladesadesakavatthuparisāpadesapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ , tassa atthavaṇṇanā samattā .

Suttanikkhepavaṇṇanā

Idāni ‘‘ sabbadhammamūlapariyāyaṃ vo ’’ tiādinā nayena bhagavatā nikkhittassa suttassa vaṇṇanāya okāso anuppatto .

Sā panesā suttavaṇṇanā yasmā suttanikkhepaṃ vicāretvā vuccamānā pākaṭā hoti , tasmā suttanikkhepaṃ tāva vicārayissāma .

Cattāro hi suttanikkhepā attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo pucchāvasiko aṭṭhuppattikoti .

TatthaM1.17 yāni suttāni bhagavā parehi anajjhiṭṭho kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayeneva kathesi .

Seyyathidaṃ , ākaṅkheyyasuttaṃ , vatthasuttaṃ , mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ , mahāsaḷāyatanavibhaṅgasuttaṃ , ariyavaṃsasuttaṃ , sammappadhānasuttantahārako , iddhipādaindriyabalabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgasuttantahārakoti evamādīni .

Tesaṃ attajjhāsayo nikkhepo .

Yāni pana ‘‘ paripakkā kho rāhulassa vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā , yaṃnūnāhaṃ rāhulaṃ uttari āsavānaṃ khaye vineyyan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.121) evaṃ paresaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ khantiṃ manaṃ abhinīhāraṃP1.16 bujjhanabhāvañca avekkhitvā parajjhāsayavasena kathitāni .

Seyyathidaṃ , cūḷarāhulovādasuttaṃ , mahārāhulovādasuttaṃ , dhammacakkappavattanaṃ , dhātuvibhaṅgasuttanti evamādīni .

Tesaṃ parajjhāsayo nikkhepo .

BhagavantaṃV1.19 pana upasaṅkamitvā catasso parisā cattāro vaṇṇā nāgā supaṇṇā gandhabbā asurā yakkhā mahārājāno tāvatiṃsādayo devā mahābrahmāti evamādayo ‘‘ bojjhaṅgā bojjhaṅgā ’’ ti , bhante , vuccanti .

‘‘ Nīvaraṇā nīvaraṇā ’’ ti , bhante , vuccanti .

Ime nu kho , bhante , pañcupādānakkhandhā .

‘‘ Kiṃ sūdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhan ’’ tiādinā ( su . ni .183) nayena pañhaṃ pucchanti .

Evaṃ puṭṭhena bhagavatā yāni kathitāni bojjhaṅgasaṃyuttādīni .

Yāni vā panaññānipi devatāsaṃyutta-mārasaṃyutta-brahmasaṃyutta-sakkapañha-cūḷavedalla-mahāvedalla-sāmaññaphala- āḷavaka-sūciloma-kharalomasuttādīni , tesaṃ pucchāvasiko nikkhepo .

Yāni panetāni uppannaṃ kāraṇaṃ paṭicca kathitāni .

Seyyathidaṃ , dhammadāyādaṃ cūḷasīhanādaṃ candūpamaṃ puttamaṃsūpamaṃ dārukkhandhūpamaṃ aggikkhandhūpamaṃ pheṇapiṇḍūpamaṃ pāricchattakūpamanti evamādīni .

Tesaṃ aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo .

Evamimesu catūsu nikkhepesu imassa suttassa aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo .

Aṭṭhuppattiyañhi idaṃ bhagavatā nikkhittaṃ .

Katarāya aṭṭhuppattiyā ?

Pariyattiṃ nissāya uppanne māne .

Pañcasatā kira brāhmaṇā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū aparabhāge bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā kāmesu ādīnavaṃ nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ sampassamānā bhagavato santike pabbajitvā nacirasseva sabbaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā pariyattiṃ nissāya mānaṃ uppādesuṃ ‘‘ yaṃ yaṃ bhagavā katheti , taṃ taṃ mayaṃ khippameva jānāma , bhagavā hi tīṇi liṅgāniM1.18 cattāri padāni satta vibhattiyo muñcitvāP1.17 na kiñci katheti , evaṃ kathite ca amhākaṃ gaṇṭhipadaṃ nāma natthī ’’ ti .

Te bhagavati agāravā hutvā tato paṭṭhāya bhagavato upaṭṭhānampi dhammassavanampi abhiṇhaṃ na gacchanti .

Bhagavā tesaṃ taṃ cittacāraṃ ñatvā ‘‘ abhabbā ime imaṃ mānakhilaṃ anupahacca maggaṃ vā phalaṃ vā sacchikātun ’’ ti tesaṃ sutapariyattiṃ nissāya uppannaṃ mānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā desanākusalo bhagavā mānabhañjanatthaṃ sabbadhammamūlapariyāyan ti desanaṃ ārabhi .

Tattha sabbadhammamūlapariyāyan ti sabbesaṃ dhammānaṃ mūlapariyāyaṃ .

Sabbesanti anavasesānaṃ .

Anavasesavācako hi ayaṃ sabba -saddo .

So yena yena sambandhaṃ gacchati , tassa tassa anavasesataṃ dīpeti .

Yathā ,‘‘ sabbaṃ rūpaṃ aniccaṃ sabbā vedanā aniccā sabbasakkāyapariyāpannesuV1.20 dhammesū ’’ ti .

Dhamma -saddo panāyaṃ pariyatti-sacca-samādhi-paññā-pakati-sabhāvasuññatā-puññāpatti-ñeyyādīsu dissati .

‘‘ Idha bhikkhu dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti suttaṃ geyyan ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .5.73) hi dhammasaddo pariyattiyaṃ vattati .

‘‘ Diṭṭhadhammo viditadhammo ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.299) saccesu .

‘‘ Evaṃ dhammā te bhagavanto ’’ tiādīsu samādhimhi .

‘‘ Yassete caturo dhammā , vānarinda yathā tava ;

Saccaṃ dhammo dhiti cāgo , diṭṭhaṃ so ativattatī ’’ ti .

–

Ādīsu ( jā .1.1.57) paññāya .

‘‘ Jātidhammā jarādhammā , atho maraṇadhammino ’’ tiādīsu pakatiyaṃ .

‘‘ Kusalā dhammā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa .1. tikamātikā ) sabhāve .

‘‘ Tasmiṃ kho pana samaye dhammā hontī ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa .121) suññatāyaṃ .

‘‘ Dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahātī ’’ tiādīsu ( jā .1.10.102) puññe .

‘‘ Dve aniyatā dhammā ’’ tiādīsu ( pārā .443) āpattiyaṃ .

‘‘ Sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchantī ’’ tiādīsu ñeyye .

Idha panāyaṃ sabhāve vattati .

Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho – attano lakkhaṇaṃ dhārentīti dhammā .

Mūla -saddo vitthārito eva .

Idha panāyaṃ asādhāraṇahetumhi daṭṭhabbo .

Pariyāya saddoM1.19P1.18 ‘‘ madhupiṇḍikapariyāyoti naṃ dhārehī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.205) desanāyaṃ vattati .

‘‘ Atthi khvesa brāhmaṇa , pariyāyo , yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya akiriyavādo samaṇo gotamo ’’ tiādīsu ( pārā .3) kāraṇe .

‘‘ Kassa nu kho , ānanda , ajja pariyāyo bhikkhuniyo ovaditun ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.398) vāre .

Idha pana kāraṇepi desanāyampi vattati .

Tasmā ‘‘ sabbadhammamūlapariyāyan ’’ ti ettha sabbesaṃ dhammānaṃ asādhāraṇahetusaññitaṃ kāraṇanti vā sabbesaṃ dhammānaṃ kāraṇadesananti vā evaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo .

Neyyatthattā cassa suttassa , na catubhūmakāpi sabhāvadhammā sabbadhammāti veditabbā .

Sakkāyapariyāpannā pana tebhūmakā dhammāva anavasesato veditabbā , ayamettha adhippāyoti .

VotiV1.21 ayaṃ vo-saddo paccattaupayogakaraṇasampadānasāmivacanapadapūraṇesu dissati .

‘‘ Kacci pana vo , anuruddhā , samaggā sammodamānā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.326) hi paccatte dissati .

‘‘ Gacchatha , bhikkhave , paṇāmemi vo ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.157) upayoge .

‘‘ Na vo mama santike vatthabban ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.157) karaṇe .

‘‘ Vanapatthapariyāyaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.190) sampadāne .

‘‘ Sabbesaṃ vo , sāriputta , subhāsitan ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.345) sāmivacane .

‘‘ Ye hi vo ariyā parisuddhakāyakammantā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.35) padapūraṇamatte .

Idha panāyaṃ sampadāne daṭṭhabbo .

Bhikkhaveti patissavena abhimukhībhūtānaṃ punālapanaṃ .

Desessāmīti desanāpaṭijānanaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti , bhikkhave , sabbadhammānaṃ mūlakāraṇaṃ tumhākaṃ desessāmi , dutiyena nayena kāraṇadesanaṃ tumhākaṃ desessāmīti .

Taṃ suṇāthāti tamatthaṃ taṃ kāraṇaṃ taṃ desanaṃ mayā vuccamānaṃ suṇātha .

Sādhukaṃ manasi karothāti ettha pana sādhukaṃ sādhūti ekatthametaṃ .

Ayañca sādhu saddo āyācanasampaṭicchanasampahaṃsanasundaradaḷhīkammādīsu dissati .

‘‘ Sādhu me bhante bhagavā , saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.95) hi āyācane dissati .

‘‘ Sādhu , bhanteti kho soM1.20 bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃP1.19 abhinanditvā anumoditvā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.86) sampaṭicchane .

‘‘ Sādhu , sādhu sāriputtā ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .3.349) sampahaṃsane .

‘‘ Sādhu dhammarucī rājā , sādhu paññāṇavā naro ;

Sādhu mittānamaddubbho , pāpassākaraṇaṃ sukhan ’’ ti .

Ādīsu ( jā .2.18.101) sundare .

‘‘ Tena hi , brāhmaṇa , sādhukaṃ suṇāhī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .5.192) sādhukasaddoyeva daḷhīkamme , āṇattiyantipi vuccati .

Idhāpi ayaṃ ettheva daḷhīkamme ca āṇattiyañca attho veditabbo .

Sundaratthepi vattati .

Daḷhīkaraṇatthena hi daḷhamimaṃ dhammaṃ suṇātha suggahitaṃ gaṇhantā .

Āṇattiatthena mama āṇattiyā suṇātha .

Sundaratthena sundaramimaṃ bhaddakaṃ dhammaṃ suṇāthāti evaṃ dīpitaṃ hoti .

ManasiV1.22 karothāti āvajjetha , samannāharathāti attho , avikkhittacittā hutvā nisāmetha citte karothāti adhippāyo .

Idānettha taṃ suṇāthāti sotindriyavikkhepavāraṇametaṃ .

Sādhukaṃ manasi karothāti manasikāre daḷhīkammaniyojanena manindriyavikkhepavāraṇaṃ .

Purimañcettha byañjanavipallāsaggāhavāraṇaṃ , pacchimaṃ atthavipallāsaggāhavāraṇaṃ .

Purimena ca dhammassavane niyojeti , pacchimena sutānaṃ dhammānaṃ dhāraṇūpaparikkhādīsu .

Purimena ca sabyañjano ayaṃ dhammo , tasmā savanīyoti dīpeti .

Pacchimena sāttho , tasmā manasi kātabboti .

Sādhukapadaṃ vā ubhayapadehi yojetvā yasmā ayaṃ dhammo dhammagambhīro desanāgambhīro ca , tasmā suṇātha sādhukaṃ , yasmā atthagambhīro paṭivedhagambhīro ca , tasmā sādhukaṃ manasi karothāti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā .

Bhāsissāmīti desessāmi .

‘‘ Taṃ suṇāthā ’’ ti ettha paṭiññātaṃ desanaṃ na saṃkhittatova desessāmi , apica kho vitthāratopi naṃ bhāsissāmīti vuttaṃ hoti , saṅkhepavitthāravācakāni hi etāni padāni .

Yathāha vaṅgīsatthero –

‘‘ SaṃkhittenapiP1.20 deseti , vitthārenapi bhāsati ;

Sāḷikāyiva nigghoso , paṭibhānaṃ udīrayī ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.214);

EvaṃM1.21 vutte ussāhajātā hutvā evaṃ bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ satthu vacanaṃ sampaṭicchiṃsu , paṭiggahesunti vuttaṃ hoti .

Atha nesaṃ bhagavā etadavoca etaṃ idāni vattabbaṃ idha bhikkhavotiādikaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ avoca .

Tattha idhāti desāpadese nipāto .

Svāyaṃ katthaci lokaṃ upādāya vuccati .

Yathāha –

‘‘ idha tathāgato loke uppajjatī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.190).

Katthaci sāsanaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ idheva , bhikkhave , samaṇo , idha dutiyo samaṇo ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.241).

Katthaci okāsaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Idheva tiṭṭhamānassa , devabhūtassa me sato ;

Punarāyu ca me laddho , evaṃ jānāhi mārisā ’’ ti .( dī . ni .2.369);

KatthaciV1.23 padapūraṇamattameva .

Yathāha ‘‘ idhāhaṃ – bhikkhave , bhuttāvī assaṃ pavārito ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.30).

Idha pana lokaṃ upādāya vuttoti veditabbo .

2. Bhikkhaveti yathāpaṭiññātaṃ desanaṃ desetuṃ puna bhikkhū ālapati .

Ubhayenāpi , bhikkhave , imasmiṃ loketi vuttaṃ hoti .

Assutavā puthujjanoti ettha pana āgamādhigamābhāvā ñeyyo assutavā iti .

Yassa hi khandhadhātuāyatanasaccapaccayākārasatipaṭṭhānādīsu uggahaparipucchāvinicchayarahitattā maññanāpaṭisedhako neva āgamo , paṭipattiyā adhigantabbassa anadhigatattā neva adhigamo atthi .

So āgamādhigamābhāvā ñeyyo assutavā iti .

Svāyaṃ –

Puthūnaṃ jananādīhi , kāraṇehi puthujjano ;

Puthujjanantogadhattā , puthuvāyaṃ jano iti .

So hi puthūnaṃ nānappakārānaṃ kilesādīnaṃ jananādīhi kāraṇehi puthujjano .

Yathāha – puthu kilese janentīti puthujjanā , puthu avihatasakkāyadiṭṭhikāti puthujjanā , puthu satthārānaṃ mukhamullokikāti puthujjanā , puthu sabbagatīhi avuṭṭhitāti puthujjanā , puthu nānābhisaṅkhāre abhisaṅkharontīti puthujjanā , puthu nānāoghehi vuyhantīti puthujjanā , puthu nānāsantāpehi santappantīti puthujjanā , puthu nānāpariḷāhehi paridayhantīti puthujjanā , puthu pañcasu kāmaguṇesu rattā giddhā gadhitāM1.22 mucchitā ajjhosannā laggā lagitā palibuddhāti puthujjanā , puthu pañcahi nīvaraṇehi āvuṭā nivutāP1.21 ovutā pihitā paṭicchannā paṭikujjitāti puthujjanāti ( mahāni .51).

Puthūnaṃ vā gaṇanapathamatītānaṃ ariyadhammaparammukhānaṃ nīcadhammasamācārānaṃ janānaṃ antogadhattāpi puthujjanā .

Puthu vā ayaṃ , visuṃyeva saṅkhaṃ gato , visaṃsaṭṭho sīlasutādiguṇayuttehi ariyehi janotipi puthujjano .

Evametehi ‘‘ assutavā puthujjano ’’ ti dvīhipi padehi yete –

Duve puthujjanā vuttā , buddhenādiccabandhunā ;

Andho puthujjano eko , kalyāṇeko puthujjanoti .

–

DveV1.24 puthujjanā vuttā .

Tesu andhaputhujjano vutto hotīti veditabbo .

Ariyānaṃ adassāvītiādīsu ariyāti ārakattā kilesehi , anaye nairiyanato , aye iriyanato , sadevakena ca lokena araṇīyato buddhā ca paccekabuddhā ca buddhasāvakā ca vuccanti , buddhā eva vā idha ariyā .

Yathāha ‘‘ sadevake , bhikkhave , loke … pe … tathāgato ariyoti vuccatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1098).

Sappurisāti ettha pana paccekabuddhā tathāgatasāvakā ca ‘‘ sappurisā ’’ ti veditabbā .

Te hi lokuttaraguṇayogena sobhanā purisāti sappurisā .

Sabbeva vā ete dvedhāpi vuttā .

Buddhāpi hi ariyā ca sappurisā ca , paccekabuddhā buddhasāvakāpi .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Yo ve kataññū katavedi dhīro ,

Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hoti ;

Dukhitassa sakkacca karoti kiccaṃ ,

Tathāvidhaṃ sappurisaṃ vadantī ’’ ti .( jā .2.17.78);

Kalyāṇamitto daḷhabhatti ca hotīti ettāvatā hi buddhasāvako vutto , kataññutādīhi paccekabuddhā buddhāti .

Idāni yo tesaṃ ariyānaṃ adassanasīlo , na ca dassane sādhukārī , so ariyānaṃ adassāvīti veditabbo .

So ca cakkhunā adassāvī ñāṇena adassāvīti duvidho , tesu ñāṇena adassāvī idha adhippeto .

Maṃsacakkhunā hi dibbacakkhunā vā ariyāM1.23 diṭṭhāpi adiṭṭhāva honti .

Tesaṃ cakkhūnaṃ vaṇṇamattaggahaṇato , na ariyabhāvagocarato .

Soṇasiṅgālādayopi ca cakkhunā ariye passanti .

Na ca te ariyānaṃ dassāvino .

TatridaṃP1.22 vatthu – cittalapabbatavāsino kira khīṇāsavattherassa upaṭṭhāko vuḍḍhapabbajito ekadivasaṃ therena saddhiṃ piṇḍāya caritvā therassa pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā piṭṭhito āgacchanto theraṃ pucchi ‘‘ ariyā nāma , bhante , kīdisā ’’ ti .

Thero āha ‘‘ idhekacco mahallako ariyānaṃ pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā vattapaṭipattiṃ katvā sahacarantopi neva ariye jānāti , evaṃ dujjānā , āvuso , ariyā ’’ ti .

Evaṃ vuttepi so neva aññāsi .

Tasmā na cakkhunā dassanaṃ dassanaṃ , ñāṇena dassanameva dassanaṃ .

Yathāha ‘‘ kiṃ te , vakkali , iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena , yo kho , vakkaliV1.25 , dhammaṃ passati , so maṃ passatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.87).

Tasmā cakkhunā passantopi ñāṇena ariyehi diṭṭhaṃ aniccādilakkhaṇaṃ apassanto ariyādhigatañca dhammaṃ anadhigacchanto ariyakaradhammānaṃ ariyabhāvassa ca adiṭṭhattā ‘‘ ariyānaṃ adassāvī ’’ ti veditabbo .

Ariyadhammassa akovidoti satipaṭṭhānādibhede ariyadhamme akusalo .

Ariyadhamme avinītoti ettha pana –

Duvidho vinayo nāma , ekamekettha pañcadhā ;

Abhāvato tassa ayaṃ ,‘‘ avinīto ’’ ti vuccati .

Ayañhi saṃvaravinayo pahānavinayoti duvidho vinayo .

Ettha ca duvidhepi vinaye ekameko vinayo pañcadhā bhijjati .

Saṃvaravinayo pi hi sīlasaṃvaro satisaṃvaro ñāṇasaṃvaro khantisaṃvaro vīriyasaṃvaroti pañcavidho .

Pahānavinayo pi tadaṅgapahānaṃ vikkhambhanapahānaṃ samucchedapahānaṃ paṭippassaddhipahānaṃ nissaraṇapahānanti pañcavidho .

Tattha ‘‘ iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto ’’ ti ( vibha .511) ayaṃ sīlasaṃvaro .

‘‘ Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.213; ma . ni .1.295; saṃ . ni .4.239; a . ni .3.16) ayaṃ satisaṃvaro .

‘‘ YāniM1.24 sotāni lokasmiṃ ,( ajitāti bhagavā )

Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ ;

Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi ,

Paññāyete pidhīyare ’’ ti .( su . ni .1041);

AyaṃP1.23 ñāṇasaṃvaro .

‘‘ Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.23; a . ni .4.114;6.58) ayaṃ khantisaṃvaro .

‘‘ Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.26; a . ni .4.114;6.58) ayaṃV1.26 vīriyasaṃvaro .

Sabbopi cāyaṃ saṃvaro yathāsakaṃ saṃvaritabbānaṃ vinetabbānañca kāyaduccaritādīnaṃ saṃvaraṇato ‘‘ saṃvaro ’’, vinayanato ‘‘ vinayo ’’ ti vuccati .

Evaṃ tāva saṃvaravinayo pañcadhā bhijjatīti veditabbo .

Tathā yaṃ nāmarūpaparicchedādīsu vipassanāñāṇesu paṭipakkhabhāvato dīpālokeneva tamassa , tena tena vipassanāñāṇena tassa tassa anatthassa pahānaṃ .

Seyyathidaṃ , nāmarūpavavatthānena sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā , paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhīnaṃ , tasseva aparabhāgena kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvassa , kalāpasammasanena ‘‘ ahaṃ mamā ’’ ti gāhassa , maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya , udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā , vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā , bhayadassanena sabhaye abhayasaññāya , ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya , nibbidānupassanāya abhiratisaññāya , muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukamyatāya , upekkhāñāṇena anupekkhāya , anulomena dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ nibbāne ca paṭilomabhāvassa , gotrabhunā saṅkhāranimittaggāhassa pahānaṃ , etaṃ tadaṅgapahānaṃ nāma .

Yaṃ pana upacārappanābhedena samādhinā pavattibhāvanivāraṇato ghaṭappahāreneva udakapiṭṭhe sevālassa tesaṃ tesaṃ nīvaraṇādidhammānaṃ pahānaṃ , etaṃ vikkhambhanapahānaṃ nāma .

Yaṃ catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato attano attano santāne ‘‘ diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā ’’ tiādinā ( dha . sa .277) nayena vuttassa samudayapakkhikassa kilesagaṇassa accantaṃ appavattibhāvena pahānaṃ , idaṃ samucchedapahānaṃ nāma .

Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe paṭippassaddhattaṃ kilesānaṃ , etaṃ paṭippassaddhipahānaṃM1.25 nāma .

Yaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭattā pahīnasabbasaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ etaṃ nissaraṇapahānaṃ nāma .

Sabbampi cetaṃ pahānaṃ yasmā cāgaṭṭhena pahānaṃ , vinayanaṭṭhena vinayo , tasmā ‘‘ pahānavinayo ’’ ti vuccati .

Taṃtaṃpahānavato vā tassa tassa vinayassa sambhavatopetaṃP1.24 ‘‘ pahānavinayo ’’ ti vuccati .

Evaṃ pahānavinayopi pañcadhā bhijjatīti veditabbo .

Evamayaṃ saṅkhepato duvidho , bhedato ca dasavidho vinayo bhinnasaṃvarattā pahātabbassa ca appahīnattāV1.27 yasmā etassa assutavato puthujjanassa natthi , tasmā abhāvato tassa ayaṃ avinītoti vuccatīti .

Esa nayo sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinītoti etthapi .

Ninnānākaraṇañhi etaṃ atthato .

Yathāha ‘‘ yeva te ariyā , teva te sappurisā .

Yeva te sappurisā , teva te ariyā .

Yo eva so ariyānaṃ dhammo , so eva so sappurisānaṃ dhammo .

Yo eva so sappurisānaṃ dhammo , so eva so ariyānaṃ dhammo .

Yeva te ariyavinayā , teva te sappurisavinayā .

Yeva te sappurisavinayā , teva te ariyavinayā .

Ariyeti vā sappuriseti vā , ariyadhammeti vā sappurisadhammeti vā , ariyavinayeti vā sappurisavinayeti vā esese eke ekatthe same samabhāge tajjāte taññevā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kasmā pana bhagavā sabbadhammamūlapariyāyaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmī ’’ ti vatvā taṃ adesetvāva ‘‘ idha , bhikkhave , assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ’’ ti evaṃ puthujjanaṃ niddisīti ?

Puggalādhiṭṭhānāya dhammadesanāya tamatthaṃ āvikātuṃ .

Bhagavato hi dhammādhiṭṭhānā dhammadesanā , dhammādhiṭṭhānā puggaladesanā , puggalādhiṭṭhānā puggaladesanā , puggalādhiṭṭhānā dhammadesanāti dhammapuggalavaseneva tāva catubbidhā desanā .

Tattha ,‘‘ tisso imā , bhikkhave , vedanā .

Katamā tisso ?

Sukhā vedanā dukkhā vedanā adukkhamasukhā vedanā .

Imā kho , bhikkhave , tisso vedanā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.250) evarūpī dhammādhiṭṭhānā dhammadesanā veditabbā .

‘‘ Cha dhātuyo ayaṃ putiso cha phassāyatano aṭṭhārasa manopavicāro caturādhiṭṭhāno ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.343) evarūpī dhammādhiṭṭhānā puggaladesanā .

‘‘ Tayome , bhikkhave , puggalā santo saṃvijjamānāM1.26 lokasmiṃ .

Katame tayo ?

Andho ekacakkhu dvicakkhu .

Katamo ca , bhikkhave , puggalo andho ’’ ti ?( A . ni .3.29) evarūpī puggalādhiṭṭhānā puggaladesanā .

‘‘ Katamañca , bhikkhave , duggatibhayaṃ ?

Idha , bhikkhave , ekacco iti paṭisañcikkhati , kāyaduccaritassa kho pāpako vipāko abhisamparāyaṃ … pe … suddhamattānaṃ pariharati .

Idaṃ vuccati , bhikkhave , duggatibhayan ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.121) evarūpīP1.25 puggalādhiṭṭhānā dhammadesanā .

SvāyaṃV1.28 idha yasmā puthujjano apariññātavatthuko , apariññāmūlikā ca idhādhippetānaṃ sabbadhammānaṃ mūlabhūtā maññanā hoti , tasmā puthujjanaṃ dassetvā puggalādhiṭṭhānāya desanāya tamatthaṃ āvikātuṃ ,‘‘ idha , bhikkhave , assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ’’ ti evaṃ puthujjanaṃ niddisīti veditabbo .

Suttanikkhepavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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