8. Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttavaṇṇanā
396. Evaṃ
V2.201P2.305 me sutan ti mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ .Tattha diṭṭhigatan ti alagaddūpamasutte laddhimattaṃ diṭṭhigatanti vuttaṃ , idha sassatadiṭṭhi .
So ca bhikkhu bahussuto , ayaṃ appassuto , jātakabhāṇako bhagavantaṃ jātakaṃ kathetvā ,‘‘ ahaṃ , bhikkhave , tena samayena vessantaro ahosiṃ , mahosadho , vidhurapaṇḍito , senakapaṇḍito , mahājanako rājā ahosin ’’ ti samodhānentaṃ suṇāti .
Athassa etadahosi –
‘‘ ime rūpavedanāsaññāsaṅkhārā tattha tattheva nirujjhanti , viññāṇaṃ pana idhalokato paralokaṃ , paralokato imaṃ lokaṃ sandhāvati saṃsaratī ’’ ti sassatadassanaṃ uppannaṃ .
Tenāha –
‘‘ tadevidaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāvati saṃsarati anaññan ’’ ti .
Sammāsambuddhena pana ,‘‘ viññāṇaṃ paccayasambhavaṃ , sati paccaye uppajjati , vinā paccayaṃ natthi viññāṇassa sambhavo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Tasmā ayaṃ bhikkhu buddhena akathitaṃ katheti , jinacakke pahāraṃ deti , vesārajjañāṇaṃ paṭibāhati , sotukāmaṃ janaṃ visaṃvādeti , ariyapathe tiriyaṃ nipatitvā mahājanassa ahitāya dukkhāya paṭipanno .
Yathā nāma rañño rajje mahācoro uppajjamāno mahājanassa ahitāya dukkhāya uppajjati , evaṃ jinasāsane coro
M2.206 hutvā mahājanassa ahitāya dukkhāya uppannoti veditabbo .Sambahulā bhikkhūti janapadavāsino piṇḍapātikabhikkhū .
Tenupasaṅkamiṃsūti ayaṃ parisaṃ labhitvā sāsanampi antaradhāpeyya , yāva pakkhaṃ na labhati , tāvadeva naṃ diṭṭhigatā vivecemāti sutasutaṭṭhānatoyeva aṭṭhatvā anisīditvā upasaṅkamiṃsu .
398. Katamaṃ taṃ sāti viññāṇan ti sāti yaṃ tvaṃ viññāṇaṃ sandhāya vadesi , katamaṃ taṃ viññāṇanti ?
Yvāyaṃ , bhante , vado vedeyyo tatra tatra kalyāṇapāpakānaṃ kammānaṃ vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedetīti , bhante , yo ayaṃ vadati vedayati , yo cāyaṃ tahiṃ tahiṃ kusalākusalakammānaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhoti .
Idaṃ , bhante , viññāṇaṃ , yamahaṃ sandhāya vademīti
P2.306 .Kassa nu kho nāmāti
V2.202 kassa khattiyassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā vessasuddagahaṭṭhapabbajitadevamanussānaṃ vā aññatarassa . 399. Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesīti kasmā āmantesi ?
Sātissa kira evaṃ ahosi –
‘‘ satthā maṃ ‘ moghapuriso ’ ti vadati , na ca moghapurisoti vuttamatteneva maggaphalānaṃ upanissayo na hoti .
Upasenampi hi vaṅgantaputtaṃ ,‘ atilahuṃ kho tvaṃ moghapurisa bāhullāya āvatto ’ ti ( mahāva .75) bhagavā moghapurisavādena ovadi .
Thero aparabhāge ghaṭento vāyamanto cha abhiññā sacchākāsi .
Ahampi tathārūpaṃ vīriyaṃ paggaṇhitvā maggaphalāni nibbattessāmī ’’ ti .
Athassa bhagavā chinnapaccayo ayaṃ sāsane aviruḷhadhammoti dassento bhikkhū āmantesi .
Usmīkatotiādi heṭṭhā vuttādhippāyameva .
Atha kho bhagavāti ayampi pāṭiyekko anusandhi .
Sātissa kira etadahosi –
‘‘ bhagavā mayhaṃ maggaphalānaṃ upanissayo natthīti vadati , kiṃ sakkā upanissaye asati kātuṃ ?
Na hi tathāgatā saupanissayasseva dhammaṃ desenti , yassa kassaci desentiyeva .
Ahaṃ buddhassa santikā sugatovādaṃ labhitvā saggasampattūpagaṃ kusalaṃ karissāmī ’’ ti .
Athassa bhagavā ,‘‘ nāhaṃ , moghapurisa , tuyhaṃ ovādaṃ vā anusāsaniṃ vā demī ’’ ti sugatovādaṃ paṭippassambhento imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi .
Tassattho heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbo .
Idāni parisāya
M2.207 laddhiṃ sodhento ,‘‘ idhāhaṃ bhikkhū paṭipucchissāmī ’’ tiādimāha .Taṃ sabbampi heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ .
400. Idāni viññāṇassa sappaccayabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ yaṃ yadeva , bhikkhavetiādimāha .
Tattha manañca paṭicca dhamme cāti sahāvajjanena bhavaṅgamanañca tebhūmakadhamme ca paṭicca .
Kaṭṭhañca paṭiccātiādi opammanidassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ .
Tena kiṃ dīpeti ?
Dvārasaṅkantiyā abhāvaṃ .
Yathā hi kaṭṭhaṃ paṭicca jalamāno aggi upādānapaccaye satiyeva jalati , tasmiṃ asati paccayavekallena tattheva
P2.307 vūpasammati , na sakalikādīni saṅkamitvā sakalikaggītiādisaṅkhyaṃ gacchati , evameva cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppannaṃ viññāṇaṃ tasmiṃ dvāre cakkhurūpaālokamanasikārasaṅkhāte paccayamhi satiyeva uppajjati , tasmiṃ asati paccayavekallena tattheva nirujjhati , na sotādīni saṅkamitvā sotaviññāṇantiādisaṅkhyaṃ gacchatiV2.203 .Esa nayo sabbavāresu .
Iti bhagavā nāhaṃ viññāṇappavatte dvārasaṅkantimattampi vadāmi , ayaṃ pana sāti moghapuriso bhavasaṅkantiṃ vadatīti sātiṃ niggahesi .
401. Evaṃ viññāṇassa sappaccayabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni pana pañcannampi khandhānaṃ sappaccayabhāvaṃ dassento , bhūtamidan tiādimāha .
Tattha bhūtamidan ti idaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ jātaṃ bhūtaṃ nibbattaṃ , tumhepi taṃ bhūtamidanti , bhikkhave , passathāti .
Tadāhārasambhavan ti taṃ panetaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ āhārasambhavaṃ paccayasambhavaṃ , sati paccaye uppajjati evaṃ passathāti pucchati .
Tadāhāranirodhāti tassa paccayassa nirodhā .
Bhūtamidaṃ nossūti bhūtaṃ nu kho idaṃ , na nu kho bhūtanti .
Tadāhārasambhavaṃ nossūti taṃ bhūtaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ paccayasambhavaṃ nu kho , na nu khoti .
Tadāhāranirodhāti tassa paccayassa nirodhā .
Nirodhadhammaṃ nossūti taṃ dhammaṃ nirodhadhammaṃ nu kho , na nu khoti .
Sammappaññāya passatoti idaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ jātaṃ bhūtaṃ nibbattanti yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇato vipassanāpaññāya sammā passantassa .
Paññāya sudiṭṭhan ti vuttanayeneva vipassanāpaññāya suṭṭhu diṭṭhaṃ .
Evaṃ ye ye taṃ pucchaṃ sallakkhesuṃ , tesaṃ tesaṃ paṭiññaṃ gaṇhanto pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ sappaccayabhāvaṃ dasseti .
Idāni yāya paññāya tehi taṃ sappaccayaṃ sanirodhaṃ khandhapañcakaṃ sudiṭṭhaṃ , tattha nittaṇhabhāvaṃ pucchanto imaṃ ce tumhetiādimāha .
Tattha diṭṭhin ti vipassanāsammādiṭṭhiṃ
M2.208 .Sabhāvadassanena parisuddhaṃ .
Paccayadassanena pariyodātaṃ .
Allīyethāti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi allīyitvā vihareyyātha .
Kelāyethāti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi kīḷamānā vihareyyātha
P2.308 .Dhanāyethāti dhanaṃ viya icchantā gedhaṃ āpajjeyyātha .
Mamāyethāti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi mamattaṃ uppādeyyātha .
Nittharaṇatthāya no gahaṇatthāyāti yo so mayā caturoghanittharaṇatthāya kullūpamo dhammo desito , no nikantivasena gahaṇatthāya .
Api nu taṃ tumhe ājāneyyāthāti .
Vipariyāyena sukkapakkho veditabbo .
402. Idāni tesaṃ khandhānaṃ paccayaṃ dassento , cattārome , bhikkhave , āhārātiādimāha , tampi vuttatthameva .
Yathā pana eko imaṃ jānāsīti vutto ,‘‘ na kevalaṃ imaṃ , mātarampissa jānāmi , mātu mātarampī ’’ ti evaṃ paveṇivasena jānanto suṭṭhu jānāti nāma .
Evamevaṃ bhagavā na kevalaṃ khandhamattameva jānāti , khandhānaṃ paccayampi tesampi paccayānaṃ
V2.204 paccayanti evaṃ sabbapaccayaparamparaṃ jānāti .So taṃ , buddhabalaṃ dīpento idāni paccayaparamparaṃ dassetuṃ , ime ca , bhikkhave , cattāro āhārātiādimāha .
Taṃ vuttatthameva .
Iti kho , bhikkhave , avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā … pe … dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotīti ettha pana paṭiccasamuppādakathā vitthāretabbā bhaveyya , sā visuddhimagge vitthāritāva .
404. Imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotīti imasmiṃ avijjādike paccaye sati idaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ phalaṃ hoti .
Imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjatīti imassa avijjādikassa paccayassa uppādā idaṃ saṅkhārādikaṃ phalaṃ uppajjati , tenevāha –
‘‘ yadidaṃ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā … pe … samudayo hotī ’’ ti .
Evaṃ vaṭṭaṃ dassetvā idāni vivaṭṭaṃ dassento , avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhātiādimāha .
Tattha avijjāya tvevāti avijjāya eva tu .
Asesavirāganirodhāti virāgasaṅkhātena maggena asesanirodhā anuppādanirodhā .
Saṅkhāranirodhoti saṅkhārānaṃ anuppādanirodho hoti , evaṃ niruddhānaṃ pana saṅkhārānaṃ nirodhā viññāṇanirodho hoti , viññāṇādīnañca nirodhā nāmarūpādīni niruddhāniyeva hontīti dassetuṃ saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodhotiādiṃ vatvā evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho
M2.209 hotīti vuttaṃ .Tattha kevalassāti sakalassa , suddhassa vā , sattavirahitassāti attho .
Dukkhakkhandhassāti
P2.309 dukkharāsissa .Nirodho hotīti anuppādo hoti .
406. Imasmiṃ asatītiādi vuttapaṭipakkhanayena veditabbaṃ .
407. Evaṃ vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathetvā idāni imaṃ dvādasaṅgapaccayavaṭṭaṃ saha vipassanāya maggena jānantassa yā paṭidhāvanā pahīyati , tassā abhāvaṃ pucchanto api nu tumhe , bhikkhavetiādimāha .
Tattha evaṃ jānantāti evaṃ sahavipassanāya maggena jānantā .
Evaṃ passantāti tasseva vevacanaṃ .
Pubbantan ti purimakoṭṭhāsaṃ , atītakhandhadhātuāyatanānīti attho .
Paṭidhāveyyāthāti taṇhādiṭṭhivasena paṭidhāveyyātha .
Sesaṃ sabbāsavasutte vitthāritameva .
Idāni nesaṃ tattha niccalabhāvaṃ pucchanto , api nu tumhe , bhikkhave , evaṃ jānantā evaṃ passantā evaṃ vadeyyātha , satthā no garūtiādimāha .
Tattha garūti bhāriko akāmā anuvattitabbo
V2.205 .Samaṇoti buddhasamaṇo .
Aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyyāthāti ayaṃ satthā amhākaṃ kiccaṃ sādhetuṃ na sakkotīti api nu evaṃsaññino hutvā aññaṃ bāhirakaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyyātha .
Puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānan ti evaṃsaññino hutvā puthūnaṃ titthiyasamaṇānaṃ ceva brāhmaṇānañca .
Vatakotūhalamaṅgalānīti vatasamādānāni ca diṭṭhikutūhalāni ca diṭṭhasutamutamaṅgalāni ca .
Tāni sārato paccāgaccheyyāthāti etāni sāranti evaṃsaññino hutvā paṭiāgaccheyyātha .
Evaṃ nissaṭṭhāni ca puna gaṇheyyāthāti attho .
Sāmaṃ ñātan ti sayaṃ ñāṇena ñātaṃ .
Sāmaṃ diṭṭhan ti sayaṃ paññācakkhunā diṭṭhaṃ .
Sāmaṃ viditan ti sayaṃ vibhāvitaṃ pākaṭaṃ kataṃ .
Upanītā kho me tumheti mayā , bhikkhave , tumhe iminā sandiṭṭhikādisabhāvena dhammena nibbānaṃ upanītā , pāpitāti attho .
Sandiṭṭhikotiādīnamattho visuddhimagge vitthārito .
Idametaṃ paṭicca vuttan ti etaṃ vacanamidaṃ tumhehi sāmaṃ ñātādibhāvaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ .
408. Tiṇṇaṃ kho pana , bhikkhaveti kasmā ārabhi ?
Nanu heṭṭhā vaṭṭavivaṭṭavasena desanā matthakaṃ pāpitāti ?
Āma pāpitā .
Ayaṃ pana pāṭiekko anusandhi
M2.210 ,‘‘ ayañhi lokasannivāso paṭisandhisammūḷho , tassa sammohaṭṭhānaṃP2.310 viddhaṃsetvā pākaṭaṃ karissāmī ’’ ti imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi .Apica vaṭṭamūlaṃ avijjā , vivaṭṭamūlaṃ buddhuppādo , iti vaṭṭamūlaṃ avijjaṃ vivaṭṭamūlañca buddhuppādaṃ dassetvāpi ,‘‘ puna ekavāraṃ vaṭṭavivaṭṭavasena desanaṃ matthakaṃ pāpessāmī ’’ ti imaṃ desanaṃ ārabhi .
Tattha sannipātāti samodhānena piṇḍabhāvena .
Gabbhassāti gabbhe nibbattanakasattassa .
Avakkanti hotīti nibbatti hoti .
Katthaci hi gabbhoti mātukucchi vutto .
Yathāha –
‘‘ Yamekarattiṃ paṭhamaṃ , gabbhe vasati māṇavo ;
Abbhuṭṭhitova so yāti , sa gacchaṃ na nivattatī ’’ ti .( jā .1.15.363);
Katthaci gabbhe nibbattanasatto .
Yathāha –
‘‘ yathā kho , panānanda , aññā itthikā nava vā dasa vā māse gabbhaṃ kucchinā pariharitvā vijāyantī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.205).
Idha satto adhippeto , taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘ gabbhassa avakkanti hotī ’’ ti .
Idhāti
V2.206 imasmiṃ sattaloke .Mātā ca utunī hotīti idaṃ utusamayaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ .
Mātugāmassa kira yasmiṃ okāse dārako nibbattati , tattha mahatī lohitapīḷakā saṇṭhahitvā bhijjitvā paggharati , vatthu suddhaṃ hoti , suddhe vatthumhi mātāpitūsu ekavāraṃ sannipatitesu yāva satta divasāni khettameva hoti .
Tasmiṃ samaye hatthaggāhaveṇiggāhādinā aṅgaparāmasanenapi dārako nibbattatiyeva .
Gandhabboti tatrūpagasatto .
Paccupaṭṭhito hotīti na mātāpitūnaṃ sannipātaṃ olokayamāno samīpe ṭhito paccupaṭṭhito nāma hoti .
Kammayantayantito pana eko satto tasmiṃ okāse nibbattanako hotīti ayamettha adhippāyo .
Saṃsayenāti ‘‘ arogo nu kho bhavissāmi ahaṃ vā , putto vā me ’’ ti evaṃ mahantena jīvitasaṃsayena .
Lohitañhetaṃ , bhikkhaveti tadā kira mātulohitaṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ sampattaṃ puttasinehena paṇḍaraṃ hoti .
Tasmā evamāha .
Vaṅkakan ti gāmadārakānaṃ kīḷanakaṃ khuddakanaṅgalaṃ .
Ghaṭikā vuccati dīghadaṇḍena rassadaṇḍakaṃ paharaṇakīḷā .
Mokkhacikan ti samparivattakakīḷā , ākāse vā daṇḍakaṃ gahetvā bhūmiyaṃ vā sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā heṭṭhupariyabhāvena parivattanakīḷananti
P2.311 vuttaṃ hoti .Ciṅgulakaṃ vuccati tālapaṇṇādīhi kataṃ vātappahārena paribbhamanacakkaṃ
M2.211 .Pattāḷhakaṃ vuccati paṇṇanāḷikā , tāya vālikādīni minantā kīḷanti .
Rathakan ti khuddakarathaṃ .
Dhanukampi khuddakadhanumeva .
409. Sārajjatīti rāgaṃ uppādeti .
Byāpajjatīti byāpādaṃ uppādeti .
Anupaṭṭhitakāyasatīti kāye sati kāyasati , taṃ anupaṭṭhapetvāti attho .
Parittacetasoti akusalacitto .
Yatthassa te pāpakāti yassaṃ phalasamāpattiyaṃ ete nirujjhanti , taṃ na jānāti nādhigacchatīti attho .
Anurodhavirodhan ti rāgañceva dosañca .
Abhinandatīti taṇhāvasena abhinandati , taṇhāvaseneva aho sukhantiādīni vadanto abhivadati .
Ajjhosāya tiṭṭhatīti taṇhāajjhosānagahaṇena gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā gaṇhāti .
Sukhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā abhinandatu , dukkhaṃ kathaṃ abhinandatīti ?
‘‘ Ahaṃ dukkhito mama dukkhan ’’ ti gaṇhanto abhinandati nāma .
Uppajjati nandīti taṇhā uppajjati .
Tadupādānan ti sāva taṇhā gahaṇaṭṭhena upādānaṃ nāma .
Tassa upādānapaccayā bhavo … pe … samudayo hotīti , idañhi bhagavatā puna ekavāraṃ dvisandhi tisaṅkhepaṃ paccayākāravaṭṭaṃ dassitaṃ .
410-4.
Idāni
V2.207 vivaṭṭaṃ dassetuṃ idha , bhikkhave , tathāgato loke uppajjatītiādimāha .Tattha appamāṇacetasoti appamāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ ceto assāti appamāṇacetaso , maggacittasamaṅgīti attho .
Imaṃ kho me tumhe , bhikkhave , saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ dhārethāti , bhikkhave , imaṃ saṃkhittena desitaṃ mayhaṃ , taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttidesanaṃ tumhe niccakālaṃ dhāreyyātha mā pamajjeyyātha .
Desanā hi ettha vimuttipaṭilābhahetuto vimuttīti vuttā .
Mahātaṇhājālataṇhāsaṅghāṭapaṭimukkan ti taṇhāva saṃsibbitaṭṭhena mahātaṇhājālaṃ , saṅghaṭitaṭṭhena saṅghāṭanti vuccati ;
iti imasmiṃ mahātaṇhājāle taṇhāsaṅghāṭe ca imaṃ sātiṃ bhikkhuṃ kevaṭṭaputtaṃ paṭimukkaṃ dhāretha .
Anupaviṭṭho antogadhoti naṃ dhārethāti attho .
Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti .
Papañcasūdaniyā majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya
Mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .