Saccavitthārakathā

529. Tadanantarāni pana saccānīti cattāri ariyasaccāni – dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , dukkhasamudayoV2.121 ariyasaccaṃ , dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ , dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccanti .

Tattha –

VibhāgatoM2.125 nibbacana , lakkhaṇādippabhedato ;

Atthatthuddhārato ceva , anūnādhikato tathā .

Kamato jātiādīnaṃ , nicchayā ñāṇakiccato ;

Antogadhānaṃ pabhedā , upamāto catukkato .

Suññatekavidhādīhi , sabhāgavisabhāgato ;

Vinicchayo veditabbo , viññunā sāsanakkame .

Tattha vibhāgatoti dukkhādīnaṃ hi cattāro cattāro atthā vibhattā tathā avitathā anaññathā , ye dukkhādīni abhisamentehi abhisametabbā .

Yathāha –

‘‘ dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho , ime cattāro dukkhassa dukkhaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā .

Samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho nidānaṭṭho saṃyogaṭṭho palibodhaṭṭho .

Nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho vivekaṭṭho asaṅkhataṭṭho amataṭṭho .

Maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetuṭṭho dassanaṭṭho adhipateyyaṭṭho .

Ime cattāro maggassa maggaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .2.8).

Tathā ‘‘ dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .2.11) evamādi .

Iti evaṃ vibhattānaṃ catunnaṃ catunnaṃ atthānaṃ vasena dukkhādīni veditabbānīti .

Ayaṃ tāvettha vibhāgato vinicchayo .

530. Nibbacanalakkhaṇādippabhedatoti ettha pana nibbacanato tāva idha du -iti ayaṃ saddo kucchite dissati .

Kucchitaṃ hi puttaṃ dupputtoti vadanti .

Khaṃ -saddo pana tucche .

Tucchaṃ hi ākāsaṃ ‘‘ khan ’’ ti vuccati .

Idañca paṭhamasaccaṃ kucchitaṃ anekaupaddavādhiṭṭhānato .

Tucchaṃ bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahitato .

Tasmā kucchitattā tucchattā ca dukkhan ti vuccati .

Saṃ- itiV2.122 ca ayaṃ saddo ‘‘ samāgamo sametan ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.396; vibha .199) saṃyogaṃ dīpeti .

U -iti ayaṃ ‘‘ uppannaṃ uditan ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa .1; mahāva .84) uppattiṃ .

Aya -saddo kāraṇaṃ dīpeti .

Idañcāpi dutiyasaccaṃ avasesapaccayasamāyoge sati dukkhassuppattikāraṇaṃ .

Iti dukkhassa saṃyoge uppattikāraṇattā dukkhasamudayan ti vuccati .

TatiyasaccaṃM2.126 pana yasmā ni -saddo abhāvaṃ , rodha- saddo ca cārakaṃ dīpeti .

Tasmā abhāvo ettha saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkharodhassa sabbagatisuññattā , samadhigate vā tasmiṃ saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkharodhassa abhāvo hoti , tappaṭipakkhattātipi dukkhanirodhan ti vuccati .

Dukkhassa vā anuppādanirodhapaccayattā dukkhanirodhanti .

Catutthasaccaṃ pana yasmā etaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ gacchati ārammaṇavasena tadabhimukhabhūtattā , paṭipadā ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiyā .

Tasmā dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti vuccati .

531. Yasmā panetāni buddhādayo ariyā paṭivijjhanti , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccanti .

Yathāha ‘‘ cattārimāni , bhikkhave , ariyasaccāni .

Katamāni … pe … imāni kho , bhikkhave , cattāri ariyasaccāni .

Ariyā imāni paṭivijjhanti , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī ’’ ti .

Apica ariyassa saccānītipi ariyasaccāni .

Yathāha ‘‘ sadevake , bhikkhave , loke … pe … manussāya tathāgato ariyo , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1098).

Atha vā etesaṃ abhisambuddhattā ariyabhāvasiddhitopi ariyasaccāni .

Yathāha –

‘‘ imesaṃ kho , bhikkhave , catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ yathābhūtaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ariyoti vuccatī ’’ ti .

Apica kho pana ariyāni saccānītipi ariyasaccāni .

Ariyānīti tathāni avitathāni avisaṃvādakānīti attho .

Yathāha –

‘‘ imāni kho , bhikkhave , cattāri ariyasaccāni tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1097) evamettha nibbacanato vinicchayo veditabbo .

532. Kathaṃ lakkhaṇādippabhedato ?

Ettha hi bādhanalakkhaṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ , santāpanarasaṃ , pavattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .

Pabhavalakkhaṇaṃ samudayasaccaṃ , anupacchedakaraṇarasaṃ , palibodhapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .

SantilakkhaṇaṃV2.123 nirodhasaccaṃ , accutirasaṃ , animittapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .

Niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ maggasaccaṃ , kilesappahānarasaṃ , vuṭṭhānapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .

Apica pavattipavattananivattinivattanalakkhaṇāni paṭipāṭiyā .

Tathā saṅkhatataṇhā asaṅkhatadassanalakkhaṇāni cāti evamettha lakkhaṇādippabhedato vinicchayo veditabbo .

533. AtthatthuddhāratoM2.127 cevāti ettha pana atthato tāva ko saccaṭṭhoti ce ?

Yo paññācakkhunā upaparikkhamānānaṃ māyāva viparīto , marīciva visaṃvādako , titthiyānaṃ attāva anupalabbhasabhāvo ca na hoti , atha kho bādhanappabhavasantiniyyānappakārena tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvena ariyañāṇassa gocaro hotiyeva .

Esa aggilakkhaṇaṃ viya , lokapakati viya ca tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvo saccaṭṭhoti veditabbo .

Yathāha –

‘‘ idaṃ dukkhanti , bhikkhave , tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathametan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1090) vitthāro .

Apica –

Nābādhakaṃ yato dukkhaṃ , dukkhā aññaṃ na bādhakaṃ ;

Bādhakattaniyāmena , tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ .

Taṃ vinā nāññato dukkhaṃ , na hoti na ca taṃ tato ;

Dukkhahetuniyāmena , iti saccaṃ visattikā .

Nāññā nibbānato santi , santaṃ na ca na taṃ yato ;

Santabhāvaniyāmena , tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ .

Maggā aññaṃ na niyyānaṃ , aniyyāno na cāpi so ;

Tacchaniyyānabhāvattā , iti so saccasammato .

Iti tacchāvipallāsa , bhūtabhāvaṃ catūsvapi ;

Dukkhādīsvavisesena , saccaṭṭhaṃ āhu paṇḍitāti .

Evaṃ atthato vinicchayo veditabbo .

534. KathaṃV2.124 atthuddhārato ?

Idhāyaṃ sacca- saddo anekesu atthesu dissati .

Seyyathidaṃ –

‘‘ saccaṃ bhaṇe na kujjheyyā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .224) vācāsacce .

‘‘ Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā cā ’’ tiādīsu ( jā .2.21.433) viratisacce .

‘‘ Kasmā nu saccāni vadanti nānā pavādiyāse kusalāvadānā ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .891) diṭṭhisacce .

‘‘ Ekaṃ hi saccaṃ na dutiyan ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .890) paramatthasacce nibbāne ceva magge ca .

‘‘ Catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ kati kusalā ’’ tiādīsu ( vibha .216) ariyasacce .

Svāyamidhāpi ariyasacce vattatīti evamettha atthuddhāratopi vinicchayo veditabbo .

535. AnūnādhikatotiM2.128 kasmā pana cattāreva ariyasaccāni vuttāni anūnāni anadhikānīti ce ?

Aññassāsambhavato aññatarassa ca apaneyyābhāvato .

Na hi etehi aññaṃ adhikaṃ vā , etesaṃ vā ekampi apanetabbaṃ sambhoti .

Yathāha –

‘‘ idha , bhikkhave , āgaccheyya samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘ netaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ .

Ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī ’ ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ tiādi .

Yathā cāha –

‘‘ yo hi koci , bhikkhave , samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃ vadeyya ‘ netaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ , ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī ’ ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .5.1086).

Apica pavattimācikkhanto bhagavā sahetukaṃ ācikkhi , nivattiñca saupāyaṃ .

Iti pavattinivattitadubhayahetūnaṃ etaparamato cattāreva vuttāni .

Tathā pariññeyyapahātabbasacchikātabbabhāvetabbānaṃ , taṇhāvatthutaṇhātaṇhānirodhataṇhānirodhupāyānaṃ , ālayaālayārāmatāālayasamugghātaālayasamugghātupāyānañca vasenāpi cattāreva vuttānīti evamettha anūnādhikato vinicchayo veditabbo .

536. Kamatoti ayampi desanākkamova .

Ettha ca oḷārikattā , sabbasattasādhāraṇattā ca suviññeyyanti dukkhasaccaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ .

Tasseva hetudassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayasaccaṃ .

Hetunirodhā phalanirodhoti ñāpanatthaṃ tato nirodhasaccaṃ .

Tadadhigamupāyadassanatthaṃ ante maggasaccaṃ .

Bhavasukhassādagadhitānaṃ vā sattānaṃ saṃvegajananatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dukkhamāha .

Taṃ neva akataṃ āgacchatiV2.125 , na issaranimmānādito hoti , ito pana hotīti ñāpanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayaṃ .

Tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibhūtattā saṃviggamānasānaṃ dukkhanissaraṇagavesīnaṃ nissaraṇadassanena assāsajananatthaṃ nirodhaṃ .

Tato nirodhādhigamatthaṃ nirodhasampāpakaṃ magganti evamettha kamato vinicchayo veditabbo .

537. Jātiādīnaṃ nicchayāti ye te ariyasaccāni niddisantena bhagavatā ‘‘ jātipi dukkhā , jarāpi dukkhā , maraṇampi dukkhaṃ , sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā , appiyehi sampayogo dukkho , piyehiM2.129 vippayogo dukkho , yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ , saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā ’’ ti ( vibha .190) dukkhaniddese dvādasa dhammā ,‘‘ yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī .

Seyyathidaṃ , kāmataṇhā , bhavataṇhā , vibhavataṇhā ’’ ti ( vibha .203) samudayaniddese tividhā taṇhā ,‘‘ yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo ’’ ti ( vibha .204) evaṃ nirodhaniddese atthato ekameva nibbānaṃ ,‘‘ katamaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminīpaṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ , ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo .

Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi … pe … sammāsamādhī ’’ ti ( vibha .205) evaṃ magganiddese aṭṭha dhammāti iti catunnaṃ saccānaṃ niddese jātiādayo dhammā vuttā , tesaṃ jātiādīnaṃ nicchayāpi ettha vinicchayo veditabbo .

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