Saraṇagamanakathā
Saraṇagamanassa
V1.363 visayappabhedaphalasaṃkilesabhedānaṃ viya kattu ca vibhāvanā tattha kosallāya hotīti ‘‘ saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ … pe … veditabbo ’’ ti vuttaṃ tena vinā saraṇagamanasseva asambhavato .
Tattha saraṇan ti padatthato tāva hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ .
Hiṃsatthassa hi sarasaddassa vasenetaṃ padaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ , tasmā saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena vaṭṭabhayaṃ cittutrāsaṃ kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatipariyāpannaṃ sabbampi dukkhaṃ hanati , vināsetīti attho .
Ratanattayassevetaṃ adhivacanaṃM1.416 .
Atha vā hite pavattanena ‘‘ sampannasīlā , bhikkhave , viharathā ’’ tiādinā ( ma . ni .1.64) atthe niyojanena ahitā ca nivattanena ‘‘ pāṇātipātassa kho pana pāpako vipāko , pāpakaṃ abhisamparāyan ’’ tiādinā ādīnavadassanādimukhena anatthato nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati , hitāhitesu appavattipavattihetukaṃ byasanaṃ apavattikaraṇena vināseti buddho .
Bhavakantārauttaraṇena maggasaṅkhāto dhammo sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati , itaro assāsadānena .
Appakānampi dānavasena pūjāvasena ca upanītānaṃ sakkārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati saṅgho anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvato , tasmā imināpi vibhajitvā vuttapariyāyena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ .
‘‘ Sammāsambuddho bhagavā , svākkhāto dhammo , suppaṭipanno saṅgho ’’ ti evaṃ pavattaratanattayapasaādataggarukatāhi vidhutadiṭṭhivicikicchāsammohaassaddhiyāditāya vihatakileso tadeva ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ parāyaṇaṃ gati tāṇaṃ leṇanti evaṃ pavattiyā tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ saraṇanti gacchati etenāti katvā .
Tena yathāvuttacittuppādena samannāgato satto saraṇanti gacchati , vuttappakārena cittuppādena ‘‘ etāni me tīṇi ratanāni saraṇaṃ , etāni parāyaṇan ’’ ti evaṃ upeti bhajati sevati payirupāsati , evaṃ vā jānāti , bujjhatīti attho .
Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ , saraṇagamanaṃ , yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati , idaṃ tayaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ duggatiṃ parikkilesaṃ dukkhaṃ hiṃsatīti ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ nāma .
Tappasādataggarutādīhi vihatakileso tapparāyanatākārappavatto cittuppādoV0.50 saraṇagamanaṃ .
Taṃsamaṅgīsatto saraṇaṃ gacchati .
Saraṇan tiādīsu ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – bhayahiṃsanādiatthena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ nāma , tadeva me ratanattayaṃ tāṇaṃ leṇaṃ parāyaṇanti buddhasubuddhatādiguṇavasena tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ nāma .
Yathāvuttena iminā cittuppādena samannāgato saraṇaṃ gacchati nāma .
Etassa ca saraṇagamanassa lokiyalokuttaravasena duvidho pabhedo .
Tattha lokuttaraṃ saraṇagamanūpakkilesasamucchedena maggakkhaṇeyeva sijjhati .
Lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ catudhā pavattati ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa pariccajāmītiādinā attaniyyātanena , yathāvuttatapparāyaṇatāya , sissabhāvūpagamanena , paṇipātena cāti .
Sabbatthāpi cettha seṭṭhadakkhiṇeyyabhāvavaseneva saraṇagamanaṃ hoti , na ñātibhayācariyādivasenāti veditabbaṃ .
Evaṃ ñātiādivasena titthiyaṃ vandato saraṇaṃ na bhijjati , dakkhiṇeyyabhāvena aññaṃ vandato saraṇaṃ bhijjati .
Lokiyassa saraṇagamanassa nibbānappattiniyamaṃ sadisaphalaṃ saraṇagatassa anāgate nibbānappattiniyamato .
Sabbalokiyasampattisamadhigamo pana apāyadukkhādisamatikkamo ca ānisaṃsaphalaṃ .
Tīsu vatthūsu cassa saṃsayamicchāñāṇādi saṃkileso .
Bhedopissa sāvajjānavajjavasena duvidho .
Tattha paṭhamo micchādiṭṭhipubbakehi titthiyapaṇipātādīhi hoti , so ca aniṭṭhaphalattā sāvajjo .
Anavajjo pana kālakiriyāya hoti .
Lokuttarasaraṇagamanassa sabbathā saṃkileso vā bhedo vā natthīti veditabbaṃ .Saraṇagamanappabhede pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca .
Tattha lokuttaraṃ diṭṭhasaccānaṃ maggakkhaṇe saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedanena ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati .
Atthato catusaccādhigamo eva hi lokuttarasaraṇagamanaṃ .
Tattha hi nibbānadhammo sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena , maggadhammo bhāvanābhisamayavasena paṭivijjhiyamānoyeva saraṇagamanatthaṃ sādheti , buddhaguṇā pana sāvakagocarabhūtā pariññābhisamayavasena , tathā ariyasaṅghaguṇā .
Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhatī ’’ ti
V1.364 .
Ijjhantañca saheva ijjhati , na lokiyaṃ viya paṭipāṭiyā asammohapaṭivedhena paṭividdhattā .
Ye pana vadanti ‘‘ na saraṇagamanaṃ nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā pavattati , maggassa adhigatattā pana adhigatameva hoti ekaccānaṃ tevijjādīnaṃM1.417 lokiyavijjādayo viyā ’’ ti , tesaṃ lokiyameva saraṇagamanaṃ siyā , na lokuttaraṃ .
Tañca ayuttaṃ duvidhassapi icchitabbattā .
Lokiyaṃ pana saraṇagamanaṃ puthujjanānaṃ saraṇagamanupakkilesavikkhambhanena ārammaṇato buddhādiguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā ijjhati .
Taṃ atthato buddhādīsu vatthūsu ‘‘ sammāsambuddho bhagavā ’’ tiādinā saddhāpaṭilābho yathāvuttasaddhāpubbaṅgamā ca sammādiṭṭhi , dasasu puññakiriyavatthūsu diṭṭhijukammanti vuccati .
Ettha ca ‘‘ saddhāpaṭilābho ’’ ti iminā mātādīhi ussāhitadārakādīnaṃ viya ñāṇavippayuttasaraṇagamanaṃ dassitanti veditabbaṃ .
‘‘ Sammādiṭṭhī ’’ ti iminā pana ñāṇasampayuttaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ dassitaṃ buddhasubuddhataṃ dhammasudhammataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiñca lokiyāvabodhavaseneva sammā ñāyena dassanato .
Tayidaṃ lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ catudhā pavattati attasanniyyātanena tapparāyaṇatāya sissabhāvūpagamanena paṇipātenāti .
Tattha attasanniyyātanaṃ nāma ‘‘ ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa niyyātemi , dhammassa , saṅghassā ’’ ti evaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva saṃsāradukkhanittharaṇatthaṃ attano attabhāvassa pariccajanaṃ .
Tapparāyaṇatā nāma ‘‘ ajja ādiṃ katvā ahaṃ buddhaparāyaṇo dhammaparāyaṇo saṅghaparāyaṇoti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ tapparāyaṇabhāvo .
Sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ nāma ‘‘ ajja ādiṃ katvā ‘ ahaṃ buddhassa antevāsiko , dhammassa , saṅghassā ’ ti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ sissabhāvūpagamo .
Paṇipāto nāma ‘‘ ajja ādiṃ katvā ‘ ahaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ vatthūnaṃ karomī ’ ti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ buddhādīsu paramanipaccakāro .
Imesañhi catunnaṃ ākārānaṃ aññatarampi karontena gahitaṃyeva hoti saraṇagamanaṃ .
Apica ‘‘ bhagavato attānaṃ pariccajāmi , dhammassa saṅghassa attānaṃ pariccajāmi , jīvitaṃ pariccajāmi , pariccattoyeva me attā , pariccattaṃyeva me jīvitaṃ , jīvitapariyantikaṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi , buddho me saraṇaṃ leṇaṃ tāṇan ’’ ti evampi attasanniyyātanaṃ veditabbaṃ .
‘‘ Satthārañca vatāhaṃ passāmi , bhagavantameva passāmi , sugatañca vatāhaṃ passāmi , bhagavantameva passāmi , sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passāmi , bhagavantameva passāmī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.154) evaṃ mahākassapattherassa saraṇagamanaṃ viya sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .
‘‘ SoM1.418V1.365 ahaṃ vicarissāmi , gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ ;
Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ , dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ .( saṃ . ni .1.246; su . ni .194);
‘‘ Te mayaṃ vicarissāma , gāmā gāmaṃ nagā nagaṃ … pe … sudhammatan ’’ ti .( su . ni .182)–
Evampi āḷavakasātāgirahemavatādīnaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ viya tapparāyaṇatā veditabbā .
Nanu cete āḷavakādayo maggeneva āgatasaraṇagamanā , kathaṃ tesaṃ tapparāyaṇatāsaraṇagamanaṃ vuttanti ?
Maggenāgatasaraṇagamanehipi ‘‘ sohaṃ vicarissāmi gāmā gāman ’’ tiādinā ( saṃ . ni .1.246; su . ni .194) tehi tapparāyaṇatākārassa paveditattā tathā vuttaṃ .
Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati , pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati , nāmañca sāveti ‘‘ brahmāyu ahaṃ , bho gotama , brāhmaṇo , brahmāyu ahaṃ , bho gotama , brāhmaṇo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .2.394) evampi paṇipāto daṭṭhabbo .
So panesa ñātibhayācariyadakkhiṇeyyatāvasena catubbidho hoti .
Tattha dakkhiṇeyyatāhetukena paṇipātena saraṇagamanaṃ hoti , na itarehi ñātibhayādivasappavattehi tīhi paṇipātehi .
Seṭṭhavaseneva hi saraṇaṃ gayhati , seṭṭhavasena bhijjati , tasmā yo sākiyo vā koliyo vā ‘‘ buddho amhākaṃ ñātako ’’ ti vandati , aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ .
Yo vā ‘‘ samaṇo gotamo rājapūjito mahānubhāvo avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyā ’’ ti bhayena vandati , aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ .
Yopi bodhisattakāle bhagavato santike kiñci uggahitaṃ saramāno buddhakāle vā –
‘‘ Ekena bhogaṃ bhuñjeyya , dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye ;
Catutthañca nidhāpeyya , āpadāsu bhavissatī ’’ ti .( dī . ni .3.265)–
Evarūpiṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ anusāsaniṃ uggahetvā ‘‘ ācariyo me ’’ ti vandati , aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ , samparāyikaṃ pana niyyānikaṃ vā anusāsaniṃ paccāsīsanto dakkhiṇeyyapaṇipātameva karoti .
Yo pana ‘‘ ayaṃ loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo ’’ ti vandati , teneva gahitaṃ hoti saraṇaṃ .
EvaṃM1.419V1.366 gahitasaraṇassa ca upāsakassa vā upāsikāya vā aññatitthiyesu pabbajitampi ñātiṃ ‘‘ ñātako me ayan ’’ ti vandatopi saraṇagamanaṃ na bhijjati , pageva apabbajitaṃ .
Tathā rājānaṃ bhayavasena vandato .
So hi raṭṭhapūjitattā avandiyamāno anatthampi kareyyāti .
Tathā yaṃ kiñci sippasikkhāpakaṃ titthiyampi ‘‘ ācariyo me ayan ’’ ti vandatopi na bhijjati .
Evaṃ saraṇagamanassa pabhedo veditabbo .
Pabhedena pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyanti .Imassa pana yathāvuttapapañcassa idha avacane kāraṇaṃ dassento āha ‘‘ so pana idha vuccamāno ’’ tiādi .
Tattha saraṇavaṇṇanatoti sāmaññaphalasutte vuttasaraṇavaṇṇanato .
Saraṇagamanakathā niṭṭhitā .