11. Vise
Kintaṃ visesana micchāha- ‘ yami ’ ccādi , yaṃ avatthāpayati taṃ vuccatīti sambandho , kintaṃ visessamiccāha- ‘ yadaneke ’ ccādi , yaṃ avatthā pīyate tamabhidhīyateti sambandho , nanvekatthenetyuccamāne visesseneti kathamavagamyate , yato evaṃ vivaritavā tyāsaṅkiyāha- ‘ yadipi ’ ccādi .
Sambandhisaddattāti evaṃ maññate ‘‘ sambandhisaddā sakatthamiva niyatampaṭi-yoginamākkhipanti … tena vinā tesaṃ sakatthassāsambhavāti , vivaritavāti vivarittha , ekatthenetīmassa samānādhikaraṇena saha samāso
M0.155 hotīti evaṃ sājjhāhāro attho veditabbo , atthasaddassānekatthattā viseseti ‘ attho abhidheyyo ’ ti .Kathaṃ tenattho vuccatītyāha- ‘ adhikarīyati ’ ccādi .
Visessassa samānādhikaraṇattañca visesanāpekkhanti sambandho .
Visessasaddassa visesanena saha samānādhikaraṇattaṃ visesana saddāpekkhanti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo , tattha kāraṇamāha- ‘ sambandhā ’ ti , adhikaraṇassa samānattaṃ nāma bhinnānaṃ sambandhīnaṃ bhavati , sambandhino ca sambandhamantarena na hontī [ hoti ( potthake )] ti visesanavisessānaṃ sambandho viññāyate , evaṃ viññātā tasmā sambandhāti attho .
Saddabyatirekena hettha atthānaṃ visesanavisessabhāvo na sambhavati , tathā hi ‘ nīlamuppalan ’ ti pañca vatthūni sannihitāni nīlanti nīlattaṃ guṇasāmaññaṃ , nīlo guṇo , tadādhāro dabbanti tīṇi , uppalanti uppalattaṃ uppalajāti , dabbañca tannissayoti dve .
Tattha uppalajāti guṇajātīnaṃ [ nīlajātiuppalajābhadhanaṃ ( kātantaṭīkā )] tāva na sambhavati visesanavisessabhāvo jātiyā nigguṇattā , nīlattassa ca nīlaguṇe samavāyino , uppalattassa ca uppaladabbe samavāyino samānādhikaraṇattampi natthi , uppalajātiyā nīlassa ca guṇassa atthi samānādhikaraṇattaṃ … nīla muppalanti pavattinimittānaṃ uppalajātinīlaguṇānamekamadhi karaṇaṃnissayoti , visesana visessabhāvo tu natthi jātiyā anīlattā , guṇadabbānantu sambhavativisesanavisessattaṃ dabbassānekaguṇattā , samānantu tesamparamadhikaraṇaṃ tatiyaṃ natthi , yena samānādhikaraṇattaṃ siyā , evaṃ nīladabba uppaladabbānampi aññamaññaparihārena vattumicchitānaṃ na visesana visessabhāvo , nāpi samānādhikaraṇattaṃ , kasmā aññamaññāsambandhato apekkhābhāvato , vuttapaṭipakkhato pana vakkhamānanayena saddānameva sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ visesanavisessattañca veditabbaṃ , tenevāha- ‘ atoyeve ’ ccādi .
Atoyevāti yato visessassa samānādhikaraṇattaṃ visesanāpekkhaṃ , atoyeva hetutoti attho , bhinnanimittappa yuttānamevāti
M0.156 sāmaññena nīlaguṇādhāre dabbe guṇeyeva vā nīlasaddassa , uppalasaddassa ca sāmaññena guṇavati dabbe vattamānattā aññamaññesu bhinnesu saddappavattiyā kāraṇesu payuttānaṃ saddānameva [ niṭṭhānameva ( potthake )].Samānādhikaraṇattanti nīluppalasaddānaṃ visuṃvisuṃ yoge visiṭṭhadabba vācittassāsambhavā , nīlañca taṃ uppalaṃ ceti sāmānādhikaraṇye sannipatite sati sambhavā evaṃ tattha visiṭṭhe vatthumhi pavattānaṃ tesaṃ samānatthatā , evakārena byavacchinnamatthaṃ dassetumāha- ‘ natvabhinne ’ ccādi .
Nanucetyādi codyaṃ , sīsampātīti sīsapā rukkhaviseso , nayida mevamiccādi parihāro .
Atha tuccateiccādinā parassa vacanāvakāsamāsaṅkate , visesavuttīti phalassa rukkhassa ca sāmaññasaddattā bhāvena visese vutti , imesanti sīsapādīnaṃ na samodhāritāti na nicchitā , sāmaññavuttiyeva samodhāritāti adhippāyo , avasitā nicchitā vutti yesaṃ sīsapādīnaṃ te avasitavuttayo , payatanaṃ vinā tadā pappoti cāti sambandho , payatananti ‘ sāmatthiyaladdhepivisesse ’ tivacanaṃ .
Tañcanatthiccādi parihāro , sarūpamattakathanāyāti vuttatthānampi sarūpamattakathanāya ‘ pūpe bahū ānaye ’ ti yathā , evaṃ jātīyakanti sarūpakathanappakārayuttaṃ .
Upasaṃharamāha- ‘ tadeva ’ miccādi , nipātasamudāyovāyaṃ vuttena pakārenetyassa atthe vattate .
Aññatarasambhavepi tannivattiyā vacanasabbhāvaṃ dassetumāha- ‘ athapi ’ ccādi , aññatarasambhavepīti visesanassa visessassa vā sambhavepi , yatrapyubhinnamatthi visesanavisessabhāvasambhavo tatthapitāva bahulaṃvacanatova nivatti hoti , kimpanā-ññatarasambhaveti dassetumāha- ‘ yathā puṇṇo ’ iccādi , ettha pana aññepi puṇṇanāmakā santīti byabhicārasambhavā ubhinnampi visesanavisessabhāvasambhave bahulaṃvacanameva samāsaṃ nivatteti , evaṃ vidhepīti aññatarasambhavepi , na
M0.157 kevalaṃ visesanavisessabhāvasambhave , atha kho evaṃ vidhepyañña tarasambhavepityavisaddassa attho .Yajjevamiccādi paccekaṃ visesanavisessabhāve sati aniṭṭhā pādanacodanā , paccekaṃ visesanaṃ siyā ubhinnampi visesanattā , tattha dosamāha- ‘ visessassaca pubbanipāto ’ ti , co-vadhāraṇe , vattabbantarasamuccaye vā , kutoccāha- ‘ nāggahite ’ ccādi , iti kāraṇe , ato kimaniṭṭhamāyāta miccāha- ‘ uppalanīlantipi siyā ’ ti , itthañcarahi kintyāha- ‘ nīluppalanti ce ’ ccādi .
Parihāramāha- ‘ nesadoso ’ ccādi , upapattyantaramāha- ‘ atha ce ’ ccādi .
Aññamaññānupakārittāti aññamaññassa visesanavisessatte nānupakārittā sappadhānattāti attho , atha dvinnampi appadhānattaṃ kasmā na siyā tyāha- ‘ appadhānattepi ’ ccādi , sakasakappadhānāpekkhāvantānanti sakesake padhāne attani apekkhāvantānaṃ .
Atha kuto dabbasseva padhānattamasitaṃ , na tu guṇassetyāsaṅkiya ñāyamupanissayati ‘ atha ce ’ tyādinā .
Chāgotyajo vuccate , taṃ setavaṇṇamālabhetha māreyya , phusanaṃ vā kareyyāti attho , āpubbo labhi hi māraṇe phusane ca vattate , desanāyanti [ codanāyanti codanāvākya ( potthake )] vedavākyeti attho , kuto chāgato-ñño nālabbhateccāha- ‘ na hi ’ ccādi .
Chāgābhāveti setaguṇayuttassa chāgassābhāve , piṭṭhapiṇḍimālabbhāti setaguṇayogena viṭṭhapiṇḍiṃ ālambha , na ca nālambhate tasmā guṇo appadhānanti ajjhāharitabbaṃ .
Puna codento āha- ‘ nanu ce ’ ccādi , athetyadhippāyamāsaṅkate , aniṭṭhamāpādayati nīlasaddepi pasaṅgo ’ ti , kutoccāha- ‘ sopihi ’ ccādi , idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti- ‘‘ uppalasaddo jātivācī , na tu dabbavācī , jāti visiṭṭhadabbavācittā yadi dabbavācīti vuccate , tadā nīlasaddopi guṇavisiṭṭha dabbavācittā dabbavacanamāpajjatīti imesaṃ na koci viseso ’’ ti , pariharanto āha ‘ nedamatthi ’ ccādi , apāyino apagantāro dabbāti gamyate , kutoccāha- ‘ satīpi ’ ccādi , iti kāraṇe .
Visesanamekattheneti
M0.158 siddhepi papañcatthaṃ paripphuṭatthañca udāharaṇabahuttaṃ dassetuṃ pāṇiniyehi bahuṃ suttitaṃ , sabbassetassa paccakkhātabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ vuttiyamudāharaṇamattaṃ dassitaṃ , tadidāni byākhyātukāmo āha- ‘ pubbakāle ’ ccādi , chinnoca visesanantī sambandho ‘‘ pubbakāleka sabbadhurapurāṇanavakevalāni samānādhikaraṇene ’’ ti (2-1-49) te samettha suttaṃ , tatthekādīnaṃ vuttiyamudāharaṇāni na dassitānyupalakkhaṇatova viññāyantīti dassetumāha- ‘ eke ’ ccādi , eko ca so purisocātyādinā viggaho upalakkhaṇattāyeva ca ‘ satta ca te isayo ca sattisayo ’ ccādikañca daṭṭhabbaṃ .Upamīyate paricchijjate-nenetyupamānaṃ , upamīyatītyupameyyaṃ , tesaṃ upamānopameyyānaṃ sādhāraṇo yo dhammo sāmatātena visiṭṭhaṃ yadupameyyaṃ , taṃ vacanenetyattho upamānopameyyaccādi kassa , samāso bhavatīti seso , kāraṇamāha- ‘ visese ’ ccādi , visesāpariggahāti visesanantyeva sāmaññena pariggahā , evambhū tassāpīti upamānarūpassāpi .
Nanu satthīsaddassasatthiyaṃ vutti sāmāsaddassa tu devadattāya , ato byadhikaraṇattā kathamettha samāsoccāsaṅkīyāha- ‘ yade ’ ccādi , samāno dhammo sāmattādi yassa so sadhammo , tassa bhāvo sādhammiyaṃ sāmattaṃ , tasmā devadattātthe vattate upacāravasena , sāmāsaddopi guṇavacanopi sāmattaṃ vatvā saddhādittavasenābhedopacārena vā devadattāyaṃ vattate , nanu ca sāmāsaddassa devadattābhidhāne caritatthatāya satthī guṇena niddiṭṭhātyaniyataguṇappatītippasaṅgo nekaguṇādhārattā satthiyātyāsaṅkiyāha- ‘ yadipi ’ ccādi .
Ihāti niddhāraṇe , etesaṃ guṇānaṃ majjheti attho , iha vā satthiyaṃ , sāmaguṇavantatāya sāmāyāti gamyate , pasiddhivasenāti satthisāmātyatropamānaṃ satthī , upameyyā devadattā , pasiddhantupamānaṃ bhavati nāppasiddhaṃ … pasiddhasādhammiyā sādhyu sādhanamupamānanti katvā satthiyeva sāmaṅguṇena pasiddhā na devadattā , tasmā sāmaguṇappasiddhiyāti attho .
Sādhyute upamīyateneneti sādhanamupamānaṃ , sādhyate
M0.159 upadhīyateti sādhyamupameyyaṃ , pasiddhassa sādhammiyaṃ tena , sādhyassāppasiddhassa kassaci sādhanaṃ sādhyasādhanaṃ .Yatratviccādinā bahulaṃvacanasāmatthiyā sāmaññavacaneneva samāsasabbhāvaṃ vatvā aññenāsabbhāvamudāharaṇena phuṭayituṃ ‘ phālā iva taṇḍulā ’ tyādi āraddhaṃ .
Taṇḍulasaddoti upameyyabhūtataṇḍulasaddo , taṇḍulattampi vatvā dabbe pavatto sāmaññavacano natu bhavatīti sambandho , dabbeti taṇḍuladabbe phāladabbe ca .
Upamānopameyyasādhāraṇasūrattādidhammavacanāppayogeti upamānopameyyānaṃ sādhāraṇo yo visāradattādidhammo tabbacanassa ‘ muni ayaṃ sīho viya visārado ’ tyādo visāradādisaddassāppayogeti attho , kesañciti kesañci saddānaṃ majjhe , visessattameva phuṭayati .
‘ Tathā ce ’ tyādinā , visesanavisessānaṃ yathiṭṭhattā niccaṃ sīhādīnaṃ visessatāyeva vacanicchāti pubbanipātattāppasaṅgoti bhāvo , upapatyantaramāha- ‘ visesanasseve ’ ccādi , yadipi sīho visesanameva na visessaṃ , tathāpi bahulādhikārā visesanassāpi paranipātoti bhāvo .
Athātrāpi visesananteva samāsappaṭipādane ’ muni ayaṃ sīhova visārado ’ ccādo sāmatthiyatova samāsāppasaṅgepi upamāno pameyyānaṃ sādhāraṇavisāradattādidhammavacanāppayoge sati tappasaṅgābhāvatthaṃ vacanamārabbhanīyanti codeti ‘ nanuce ’ tyādinā , sāmatthiyatoti sāmaññavacanappayoge sāpekkhattā samāsāppasaṅgoti sāmatthiyaṃ tasmāti attho .
Sāmaññappayogatthanti samāsavākye sāmaññavacanassa sūrattādi ( no ), appayogatthaṃ , tathā hiccādinā sāmaññasaddappayoge sāmatthiyato samāsāsabbhāvā suttantarassānārabbhanīyabhāvaṃ sādheti .
Visesānantabbhāvāti sāmaññassa samāse antobhāvepi tikhīṇattādito visiṭṭhassa sūrassādivacanīyassa visesassa samāse anantogadhattā appasaṅgo sāpekkhamasamatthanti .
Atheti ‘ saccametan ’ tiādiṃ
M0.160 paravacanamāsaṅkiya vadati , evamādisijjhanatthaṃ samāsoti ( ñāpanatthaṃ ) ārabbhanīyambhavatīti sambandho .Padhānassāti ‘ raññopuriso-bhirūpo ’ tettha abhirūpasāpekkhassa purisassa visesanattenevā [ visesanaṃ tenevā ( potthake )] ppadhānaṃ , samāsāvayavabhūtaṃ rājānaṃ pati visessabhāvenāviphalitasakatthatāya padhānabhūtassa purisassa .
Ādisaddena ‘ rājapurisassa dassanīyassa gehan ’ ti saṅgaṇhāti .
Ettha hi gehampati visesanabhāvenāppadhānattepi rājānampati padhānabhūtassa purisassa sāpekkhassāpi samāso hoteva .
Idañcañāpanatthaṃ vacanārambhappayojanañca , kāraṇamāha- ‘ gamakattā ’ iccādi .
Gamakattāti viggahavākyatthassa vuttiyampatīyamānattā gamakattaṃ tasmā , naceha gamakattamatthīti ‘ muni sīhova sūro ’ tyatra tu vākyato yottho patīyate , nāyaṃ ‘ muni sīho sūro ’ tyato gamyateti gamakattaṃ natthī-ti attho , tathāhi munisīhasaddenevo pamānopameyyabhāvanimittassa visāradattassa sabhāvenevopādānato visāradasaddassa tena sambandhābhāvo .
Apavaggo nibbānaṃ , vākyameveti evakārena byavacchinnamatthampadassayamāha- ‘ vuttinivattetī ’ ti bahulādhikārato viññāyati , nanu cātra visessabhāvāsambhavāppasaṅgoyeva vuttiyāti codeti .
‘ Nanuce ’ tyādinā .
Puṇṇatābyabhicārāti puṇṇatāsaṅkhātassa bālādiavatthāvisesassa avināppavattito byabhicārī hi visessambhavati yathā nīlatāyuppalaṃ , pariharati ‘ nedamatti ’ ccādinā , mantāṇiputtānaṃ anekattāti kevalaṃ mantāṇiyā putto puṇṇoyevāti abhāvā tesaṃ bahubhāvato , attano attano gahassa patayoti gahapatīnaṃ bahuttaṃ pākaṭameva .
Vuttiyeveti evakārena byavacchinnamatthamāha- ‘ vākyaṃ nivattetī ’ ti .
Visiṭṭhajātivacanāti vuttaṃ kaṇhasappajātiyā lohitasālijātiyā ca visiṭṭhattā .
Tacchako
M0.161 sappoti byākhyeyamupanikkhippacodayamāha- ‘ nanu ce ’ ccādi .Tacchakabhāvānapetoti bālayuvattādisaṅkhātatacchakabhāvato abyāvutto , atthināmadheyyoti tacchako nāma koci tannāmo atthi , kiriyāsaddoti tacchatīti tacchakoti evaṃ kiriyāya pavattinimittattenopādinno vaḍḍhakīvācī tacchakasaddo , evaṃ maññate ‘‘ yathāvuttanayena visesanavisessasabbhāvā samāsena bhavitabbaṃ , tathā sati kimidaṃ paccudāharaṇaṃ katan ’’ ti .
Atra kenaci na nāmadheyyassetyādi nopajāyatevātyetadavasānaṃ vuccamānamanudyataṃ nirākattukāmo āha- ‘ yopā he ’ ccādi .
Imassāyamadhippāyo ‘‘ vuttanayena tacchakasaddassa kiriyā saddassātthavisayāpekkhāyābhāvato visessattābhāvā paccudāharaṇamidaṃ katan ’’ ti .
Kasmā ayuttamiccāha- ‘ yato ’ ccādi , nāmadheyyassa kiriyāvācino ca atthābhidhānasāmatthiyaṃ tulyaṃ vā na vā , avayavappasiddhiyā samudāyappasiddhi balavati vā navetyetaṃ vicāretuṃ yato nādhikatantyattho , kiñcarahi adhikatantyāha- ‘ apitvi ’ ccādi , tacchakasaddonekatthavutti nānekatthoti vicāretumadhikatanti yojanā .
Evaṃ maññate- ‘‘ visesanavisessabhāvacintāyaṃ saddānamatthābhidhānasāmatthiyacintā na yujjate ‘ sati sambhave byabhicāre ca visesanaṃ sātthakaṃ hotī ’ ti visesanaṃ maggīyate , nāsambhave nābyabhicāre yathā sītaṃ ( himaṃ ) uṇhoggīti , tasmā sambhavabyabhicāracintā visesanavisessabhāvacintāyamupayujjatīti tacchakasaddo-nekatthavuttivā na vetyetadeva vicāretumadhikatanti katthacipi visesanavisessa sabbhāve samāso hotevā ’’ ti , yadipi nāmadheyyakiriyāvācīnamatulyamatthābhidhānaṃ samudāyappasiddhiyā ca balavatittaṃ , tathāpi vakkhamānanayena samāsasabbhāvā na kāci hānīti dassetumāha- ‘ ettha cā ’ tiādi .
Etthacāti keci pakkhe ca , kañci pīḷamāvahatīti sambandho , kutoccāha ‘ tathāhi ’ ccādi .
Evaṃ maññate- ‘‘ yadīpi samudāyappasiddhiyā sati kiriyāsaddatthavisayāpekkhā
M0.162 nopajāyate , tathāpi nāmadheyyasseva tacchakasaddassāpyanekatthavuttittamattheva … sappavisese manusse ca tannāmake nāmadheyyassa tacchakasaddassa pavattisabbhāvā ( ti ) visesanavisessasabbhāvato samāsappasaṅgo tadavattho yevā ’’ ti , na kevalaṃ sappavisesasseva tacchakasaddo nāmadheyyamapitu manussānampīti pisaddattho .Tacchakasaddassānekatthavuttittepi na samudāyappasiddhiyā avayavappasiddhībādhāti dassetumāha- ‘ nacā ’ tiādi .
Co-vadhāraṇe , kutoccāha ‘ kiriye ’ ccādi .
Kamenatthappasiddhīti yaṃ , etampana sakkā viññātunti yojanā .
Yanti yaṃ pasijjhanaṃ , kamenāti bādhābhāvato anukkamena .
Evañceti iminā nacetyādinā vuttaṃ paccāmasati … kimpaṭivihitaṃ siyā parihaṭaṃ siyāti attho , iti iminā kāraṇena ‘ tacchako sappo ’ ti paccudāharaṇaṃ na yuttaṃ … tacchakasappoti samāsasabbhāvatoti adhippāyo , nedamevamiccādinā pariharati , yadā carati yathā vuttena visesanavisessabhāvasambhavo , tadā kathaṃtyāha- ‘ yadā visesane ’ ccādi .
Tadāpi kathaṃ vākyena bhavitabbamiccāha- ‘ idañce ’ ccādi .
Bahulaṃvacanatoyevāti adhippāyo .
Aññassāti kammani sambandhavacanicchāyaṃ chaṭṭhī .
Avacchedakattāti ettha kattunā bhavitabbanti kāḷassāti kattari bhāvayoge chaṭṭhiyā ajjhāharitabbaṃ .
Pattāpannehi dutiyantassa jīvikampatto jīvikā pannoti samāso ‘ kārakaṃ bahulan ’’ teva ( caṃ-2-2-19 ) vihito dutiyantena tu tesaṃ samāsatthaṃ suttantaraṃ kataṃ parehi , atthañca tesamitthiliṅgānampi samāseneva , kāranivattiyā , tathā māso jātassāti viggahe parimāṇivācinā chaṭṭhiyantena parimāṇavacanānaṃ kālasaddānaṃ , tadāha- ‘ pattāpannāna ’ miccādi , parimāṇaṃ māsādi paricchedo tamassatthīti parimāṇī jātādi .
Ettha hi māso parimāṇaṃ paricchedakattā , jāto parimāṇī paricchejjattā , pattā jīvikānenāti [ patto jīvikanti pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ ] vacanicchāyaṃ yo-ttho so- ñāpadatthasamāsepyatinno
M0.163 vacanicchābhedamantarenātidassetuṃ ‘ aññapadatthe bhavissatī ’ ti yaṃ vuttiyaṃ vuttaṃ , taṃ byākhyātukāmo āha- ‘ vānekaññatthe iccevā ’ tiādi .Aññattha samāse kate sabbattha ‘‘ itthiyaṃ bhāsite ’’ ccādinā (3-67) pumbhāvo .
Māso jātassāti vacanicchāyaṃ yo-ttho , so-ññatthasamāsepyabhinno vacanicchābheda mantarenāti dassetumāha- ‘ yassa jātādino ’ ccādi .
Jātasaddassatthamāha sampannoti , sampuṇṇotyattho , iminā ca māso jāto-ssāti viggahassa attho dassito , aññathāti yadi māso tassa aññapadatthassa jātādino sampuṇṇo na bhātīti attho .
Ttattavantūnaṃ niṭṭhāsaññaṃ vidhāya tadantassaññatthasamāse ‘‘ niṭṭhā ’’ ti (2-2-36) suttena pubbanipāto vutto , tadāha- ‘ nace ’ ccādi , pubbanipātappasaṅgo naca siyātisambandho , kutoccāha- ‘ jāti ’ ccādi .
Kesañciti vākyakāramāha , naca yuttanti sambandho , kāraṇamāha- ‘ visesana ’ meccādi , tathāhiccādinā visesanassa sātthakatte samāsabbhāvamabhāve cābhāvaṃ sādheti … chaṭṭhīsamāse ‘ sati sambhave byabhicāre ca visesanassa sātthakambhavatīti visesanassa sātthakattā .
Avacanepīti niyamavacane ( a ) satīpi , chaṭṭhīsamāsappasaṅgo carahi vuttanayena byavacchejja byavacchedakattābhāvena visesanānatthakyā na bhaveyya ce vākyenāpi na bhavitabbanti āha- ‘ vākyaṃ tvi ’ ccādi .
Ayampana visesanasamāso parehi kammadhārayoti ñāyati … yathā kammaṃ kiriyaṃ payojanañca dhāreti evamayaṃ samāso kammamiva dvayaṃ dhārayatīti .