Catubbidhavinayakathā

45. IdānissaM1.195 atthaṃ vibhajanto ‘‘ yo panāti , yo yādiso ’’ tiādimāha .

Tasmiṃ pana sikkhāpade ca sikkhāpadavibhaṅge ca sakale ca vinayavinicchaye kosallaṃ patthayantena catubbidho vinayo jānitabbo –

Catubbidhañhi vinayaṃ , mahātherā mahiddhikā ;

Nīharitvā pakāsesuṃ , dhammasaṅgāhakā purā .

Katamaṃ catubbidhaṃ ?

Suttaṃ , suttānulomaṃ , ācariyavādaṃ , attanomatinti .

Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘ āhaccapadena rasena ācariyavaṃsena adhippāyā ’’ ti , ettha hi āhaccapadan ti suttaṃ adhippetaṃ , rasoti suttānulomaṃ , ācariyavaṃsoti ācariyavādo , adhippāyoti attanomati .

Tattha suttaṃ nāma sakale vinayapiṭake pāḷi .

Suttānulomaṃ nāma cattāro mahāpadesā ;

ye bhagavatā evaṃ vuttā –

‘‘ yaṃ , bhikkhaveP1.231 , mayā ‘ idaṃ na kappatī ’ ti appaṭikkhittaṃ , taṃ ce akappiyaṃ anulometi ;

kappiyaṃ paṭibāhati , taṃ vo na kappati .

Yaṃ , bhikkhave , mayā ‘ idaṃ na kappatī ’ ti appaṭikkhittaṃ , taṃ ce kappiyaṃ anulometi ;

akappiyaṃ paṭibāhati , taṃ vo kappati .

Yaṃ , bhikkhaveV1.180 , mayā ‘ idaṃ kappatī ’ ti ananuññātaṃ , taṃ ce akappiyaṃ anulometi , kappiyaṃ paṭibāhati ;

taṃ vo na kappati .

Yaṃ , bhikkhave , mayā ‘ idaṃ kappatī ’ ti ananuññātaṃ , taṃ ce kappiyaṃ anulometi , akappiyaṃ paṭibāhati ;

taṃ vo kappatī ’’ ti ( mahāva .305).

Ācariyavādo nāma dhammasaṅgāhakehi pañcahi arahantasatehi ṭhapitā pāḷivinimuttā okkantavinicchayappavattā aṭṭhakathātanti .

Attanomati nāma sutta-suttānuloma-ācariyavāde muñcitvā anumānena attano anubuddhiyā nayaggāhena upaṭṭhitākārakathanaṃ .

Apica suttantābhidhammavinayaṭṭhakathāsu āgato sabbopi theravādo ‘‘ attanomati ’’ nāma .

Taṃ pana attanomatiṃ gahetvā kathentena na daḷhaggāhaṃM1.196 gahetvā voharitabbaṃ .

Kāraṇaṃ sallakkhetvā atthena pāḷiṃ , pāḷiyā ca atthaṃ saṃsanditvā kathetabbaṃ .

Attanomati ācariyavāde otāretabbā .

Sace tattha otarati ceva sameti ca , gahetabbā .

Sace neva otarati na sameti , na gahetabbā .

Ayañhi attanomati nāma sabbadubbalā .

Attanomatito ācariyavādo balavataro .

Ācariyavādopi suttānulome otāretabbo .

Tattha otaranto samentoyeva gahetabbo , itaro na gahetabbo .

Ācariyavādato hi suttānulomaṃ balavataraṃ .

Suttānulomampi sutte otāretabbaṃ .

Tattha otarantaṃ samentameva gahetabbaṃ , itaraṃ na gahetabbaṃ .

Suttānulomato hi suttameva balavataraṃ .

Suttañhi appaṭivattiyaṃ kārakasaṅghasadisaṃ buddhānaṃ ṭhitakālasadisaṃ .

Tasmā yadā dve bhikkhū sākacchanti , sakavādī suttaṃ gahetvā katheti , paravādī suttānulomaṃ .

Tehi aññamaññaṃ khepaṃ vā garahaṃ vā akatvā suttānulomaṃ sutte otāretabbaṃ .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbaṃ .

No ce , na gahetabbaṃ ;

suttasmiṃyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ suttaṃ gahetvā katheti , paro ācariyavādaṃ .

Tehipi aññamaññaṃ khepaṃ vā garahaṃ vā akatvā ācariyavādo sutte otāretabbo .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbo .

Anotaranto asamento ca gārayhācariyavādo na gahetabbo ;

suttasmiṃyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ suttaṃP1.232 gahetvā katheti , paro attanomatiṃ .

Tehipi aññamaññaṃ khepaṃ vā garahaṃ vāV1.181 akatvā attanomati sutte otāretabbā .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbā .

No ce , na gahetabbā .

Suttasmiṃ yeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha panāyaṃ suttānulomaṃ gahetvā katheti , paro suttaṃ .

Suttaṃ suttānulome otāretabbaṃ .

Sace otarati sameti , tisso saṅgītiyo ārūḷhaṃ pāḷiāgataṃ paññāyati , gahetabbaṃ .

No ce tathā paññāyati na otarati na sameti , bāhirakasuttaṃ vā hoti siloko vā aññaṃ vā gārayhasuttaṃ guḷhavessantaraguḷhavinayavedallādīnaṃ aññatarato āgataṃ , na gahetabbaṃ .

Suttānulomasmiṃyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

AthāyaṃM1.197 suttānulomaṃ gahetvā katheti , paro ācariyavādaṃ .

Ācariyavādo suttānulome otāretabbo .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbo .

No ce , na gahetabbo .

Suttānulomeyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ suttānulomaṃ gahetvā katheti , paro attanomatiṃ .

Attanomati suttānulome otāretabbā .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbā .

No ce , na gahetabbā .

Suttānulomeyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha panāyaṃ ācariyavādaṃ gahetvā katheti , paro suttaṃ .

Suttaṃ ācariyavāde otāretabbaṃ .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbaṃ .

Itaraṃ gārayhasuttaṃ na gahetabbaṃ .

Ācariyavādeyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ ācariyavādaṃ gahetvā katheti , paro suttānulomaṃ .

Suttānulomaṃ ācariyavāde otāretabbaṃ .

Otarantaṃ samentameva gahetabbaṃ , itaraṃ na gahetabbaṃ .

Ācariyavādeyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ ācariyavādaṃ gahetvā katheti , paro attanomatiṃ .

Attanomati ācariyavāde otāretabbā .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbā .

No ce , na gahetabbā .

Ācariyavādeyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha panāyaṃ attanomatiṃ gahetvā katheti , paro suttaṃ .

Suttaṃ attanomatiyaṃ otāretabbaṃ .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbaṃ .

Itaraṃ gārayhasuttaṃ na gahetabbaṃ .

Attanomatiyameva ṭhātabbaṃ .

AthāyaṃV1.182 attanomatiṃ gahetvā katheti , paro suttānulomaṃ .

Suttānulomaṃ attanomatiyaṃ otāretabbaṃ .

Otarantaṃ samentameva gahetabbaṃ , itaraṃ na gahetabbaṃ .

Attanomatiyameva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ attanomatiṃ gahetvā katheti , paro ācariyavādaṃ .

Ācariyavādo attanomatiyaṃ otāretabbo .

Sace otarati sameti , gahetabbo ;

itaro gārayhācariyavādo na gahetabbo .

Attanomatiyameva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Attano gahaṇamevaP1.233 baliyaṃ kātabbaṃ .

Sabbaṭṭhānesu ca khepo vā garahā vā na kātabbāti .

AthaM1.198 panāyaṃ ‘‘ kappiyan ’’ ti gahetvā katheti , paro ‘‘ akappiyan ’’ ti .

Sutte ca suttānulome ca otāretabbaṃ .

Sace kappiyaṃ hoti , kappiye ṭhātabbaṃ .

Sace akappiyaṃ , akappiye ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ tassa kappiyabhāvasādhakaṃ suttato bahuṃ kāraṇañca vinicchayañca dasseti , paro kāraṇaṃ na vindati .

Kappiyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha paro tassa akappiyabhāvasādhakaṃ suttato bahuṃ kāraṇañca vinicchayañca dasseti , anena attano gahaṇanti katvā daḷhaṃ ādāya na ṭhātabbaṃ .

‘‘ Sādhū ’’ ti sampaṭicchitvā akappiyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha dvinnampi kāraṇacchāyā dissati , paṭikkhittabhāvoyeva sādhu , akappiye ṭhātabbaṃ .

Vinayañhi patvā kappiyākappiyavicāraṇamāgamma rundhitabbaṃ , gāḷhaṃ kattabbaṃ , sotaṃ pacchinditabbaṃ , garukabhāveyeva ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha panāyaṃ ‘‘ akappiyan ’’ ti gahetvā katheti , paro ‘‘ kappiyan ’’ ti .

Sutte ca suttānulome ca otāretabbaṃ .

Sace kappiyaṃ hoti , kappiye ṭhātabbaṃ .

Sace akappiyaṃ , akappiye ṭhātabbaṃ .

Athāyaṃ bahūhi suttavinicchayakāraṇehi akappiyabhāvaṃ dasseti , paro kāraṇaṃ na vindati , akappiye ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha paro bahūhi suttavinicchayakāraṇehi kappiyabhāvaṃ dasseti , ayaṃ kāraṇaṃ na vindati , kappiye ṭhātabbaṃ .

Atha dvinnampi kāraṇacchāyā dissati , attano gahaṇaṃ na vissajjetabbaṃ .

Yathā cāyaṃ kappiyākappiye akappiyakappiye ca vinicchayo vutto ;

evaṃ anāpattiāpattivāde āpattānāpattivāde ca , lahukagarukāpattivāde garukalahukāpattivāde cāpiV1.183 vinicchayo veditabbo .

Nāmamattaṃyeva hi ettha nānaṃ , yojanānaye nānaṃ natthi , tasmā na vitthāritaṃ .

Evaṃ kappiyākappiyādivinicchaye uppanne yo sutta-suttānulomaācariyavādaattanomatīsu atirekakāraṇaṃ labhati , tassa vāde ṭhātabbaṃ .

Sabbaso pana kāraṇaṃ vinicchayaṃ alabhantena suttaṃ na jahitabbaṃ , suttasmiṃyeva ṭhātabbanti .

Evaṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade ca sikkhāpadavibhaṅge ca sakale ca vinayavinicchaye kosallaṃ patthayantena ayaṃ catubbidho vinayo jānitabbo .

ImañcaM1.199P1.234 pana catubbidhaṃ vinayaṃ ñatvāpi vinayadharena puggalena tilakkhaṇasamannāgatena bhavitabbaṃ .

Tīṇi hi vinayadharassa lakkhaṇāni icchitabbāni .

Katamāni tīṇi ?

‘‘ Suttañcassa svāgataṃ hoti suppavatti suvinicchitaṃ suttato anubyañjanato ’’ ti idamekaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ .

‘‘ Vinaye kho pana ṭhito hoti asaṃhīro ’’ ti idaṃ dutiyaṃ .

‘‘ Ācariyaparamparā kho panassa suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā ’’ ti idaṃ tatiyaṃ .

Tattha suttaṃ nāma sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ .

Tañcassa svāgataṃ hotīti suṭṭhu āgataṃ .

Suppavattīti suṭṭhu pavattaṃ paguṇaṃ vācuggataṃ suvinicchitaṃ .

Suttato anubyañjanatoti pāḷito ca paripucchato ca aṭṭhakathāto ca suvinicchitaṃ hoti , kaṅkhacchedaṃ katvā uggahitaṃ .

Vinaye kho pana ṭhito hotīti vinaye lajjībhāvena patiṭṭhito hoti .

Alajjī hi bahussutopi samāno lābhagarutāya tantiṃ visaṃvādetvā uddhammaṃ ubbinayaṃ satthusāsanaṃ dīpetvā sāsane mahantaṃ upaddavaṃ karoti .

Saṅghabhedampi saṅgharājimpi uppādeti .

Lajjī pana kukkuccako sikkhākāmo jīvitahetupi tantiṃ avisaṃvādetvā dhammameva vinayameva ca dīpeti , satthusāsanaṃ garuṃ katvā ṭhapeti .

Tathā hi pubbe mahātherā tikkhattuṃ vācaṃ nicchāresuṃ –

‘‘ anāgate lajjī rakkhissati , lajjī rakkhissati , lajjī rakkhissatī ’’ ti .

Evaṃ yo lajjī , so vinayaṃ avijahanto avokkamanto lajjībhāvena vinaye ṭhito hoti suppatiṭṭhitoti .

Asaṃhīroti saṃhīro nāma yo pāḷiyaṃ vā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vā heṭṭhato vā uparito vā padapaṭipāṭiyā vā pucchiyamāno vitthunati vipphandati santiṭṭhituṃ na sakkoti ;

yaṃ yaṃ parena vuccati taṃ taṃ anujānāti ;

sakavādaṃ chaḍḍetvā paravādaṃ gaṇhāti .

Yo pana pāḷiyaṃ vā aṭṭhakathāya vā heṭṭhupariyena vā padapaṭipāṭiyāP1.235 vā pucchiyamāno na vitthunati na vipphandati , ekekalomaṃ saṇḍāsena gaṇhanto viya ‘‘ evaṃ mayaṃ vadāma ;

evaṃ no ācariyā vadantī ’’ tiV1.184 vissajjeti ;

yamhi pāḷi ca pāḷivinicchayo ca suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittasīhavasā viya parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ agacchanto tiṭṭhati , ayaṃ vuccati ‘‘ asaṃhīro ’’ ti .

Ācariyaparamparā kho panassa suggahitā hotīti theraparamparā vaṃsaparamparā cassa suu gahitā hoti .

Sumanasikatāti suṭṭhu manasikatā ;

āvajjitamatte ujjalitapadīpo viya hoti .

Sūpadhāritāti suṭṭhuM1.200 upadhāritā pubbāparānusandhito atthato kāraṇato ca upadhāritā ;

attano matiṃ pahāya ācariyasuddhiyā vattā hoti ‘‘ mayhaṃ ācariyo asukācariyassa santike uggaṇhi , so asukassā ’’ ti evaṃ sabbaṃ ācariyaparamparaṃ theravādaṅgaṃ āharitvā yāva upālitthero sammāsambuddhassa santike uggaṇhīti pāpetvā ṭhapeti .

Tatopi āharitvā upālitthero sammāsambuddhassa santike uggaṇhi , dāsakatthero attano upajjhāyassa upālittherassa , soṇakatthero attano upajjhāyassa dāsakattherassa , siggavatthero attano upajjhāyassa soṇakattherassa , moggaliputtatissatthero attano upajjhāyassa siggavattherassa caṇḍavajjittherassa cāti .

Evaṃ sabbaṃ ācariyaparamparaṃ theravādaṅgaṃ āharitvā attano ācariyaṃ pāpetvā ṭhapeti .

Evaṃ uggahitā hi ācariyaparamparā suggahitā hoti .

Evaṃ asakkontena pana avassaṃ dve tayo parivaṭṭā uggahetabbā .

Sabbapacchimena hi nayena yathā ācariyo ca ācariyācariyo ca pāḷiñca paripucchañca vadanti , tathā ñātuṃ vaṭṭati .

Imehi ca pana tīhi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatena vinayadharena vatthuvinicchayatthaṃ sannipatite saṅghe otiṇṇe vatthusmiṃ codakena ca cuditakena ca vutte vattabbe sahasā avinicchinitvāva cha ṭhānāni oloketabbāni .

Katamāni cha ?

Vatthu oloketabbaṃ , mātikā oloketabbā , padabhājanīyaṃ oloketabbaṃ , tikaparicchedo oloketabbo , antarāpatti oloketabbā , anāpatti oloketabbāti .

Vatthuṃ olokentopiP1.236 hi ‘‘ tiṇena vā paṇṇena vā paṭicchādetvā āgantabbaṃ , na tveva naggena āgantabbaṃ ;

yo āgaccheyya , āpatti dukkaṭassā ’’ ti ( pārā .517) evaṃ ekaccaṃ āpattiṃ passati .

So taṃ suttaṃ ānetvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessati .

Mātikaṃ olokentopi ‘‘ sampajānamusāvāde pācittiyan ’’ tiādinā ( pāci .2) nayenaV1.185 pañcannaṃ āpattīnaṃ aññataraṃ āpattiṃ passati , so taṃ suttaṃ ānetvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessati .

PadabhājanīyaṃM1.201 olokentopi ‘‘ akkhayite sarīre methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati , āpatti pārājikassa .

Yebhuyyena khayite sarīre methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati , āpatti thullaccayassā ’’ tiādinā ( pārā .59 ādayo , atthato samānaṃ ) nayena sattannaṃ āpattīnaṃ aññataraṃ āpattiṃ passati , so padabhājanīyato suttaṃ ānetvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessati .

Tikaparicchedaṃ olokentopi tikasaṅghādisesaṃ vā tikapācittiyaṃ vā tikadukkaṭaṃ vā aññataraṃ vā āpattiṃ tikaparicchede passati , so tato suttaṃ ānetvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessati .

Antarāpattiṃ olokentopi ‘‘ paṭilātaṃ ukkhipati , āpatti dukkaṭassā ’’ ti ( pāci .355) evaṃ yā sikkhāpadantaresu antarāpatti hoti taṃ passati , so taṃ suttaṃ ānetvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessati .

Anāpattiṃ olokentopi ‘‘ anāpatti bhikkhu asādiyantassa , atheyyacittassa , na maraṇādhippāyassa , anullapanādhippāyassa , na mocanādhippāyassa , asañcicca , assatiyā , ajānantassā ’’ ti ( pārā .72 ādayo ) evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ sikkhāpade niddiṭṭhaṃ anāpattiṃ passati , so taṃ suttaṃ ānetvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessati .

Yo hi bhikkhu catubbidhavinayakovido tilakkhaṇasampanno imāni cha ṭhānāni oloketvā adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamessati , tassa vinicchayo appaṭivattiyo , buddhena sayaṃ nisīditvā vinicchitasadiso hoti .

Taṃ cevaṃ vinicchayakusalaṃ bhikkhuṃ koci katasikkhāpadavītikkamo bhikkhu upasaṅkamitvā attano kukkuccaṃ puccheyya ;

tena sādhukaṃ sallakkhetvā sace anāpatti hoti ,‘‘ anāpattī ’’ ti vattabbaṃ .

Sace pana āpatti hoti ,‘‘ āpattī ’’ ti vattabbaṃ .

Sā desanāgāminī ce ,‘‘ desanāgāminī ’’ ti vattabbaṃ .

Vuṭṭhānagāminī ce ,‘‘ vuṭṭhānagāminī ’’ ti vattabbaṃ .

Athassa pārājikacchāyāP1.237 dissati ,‘‘ pārājikāpattī ’’ ti na tāva vattabbaṃ .

Kasmā ?

Methunadhammavītikkamo hi uttarimanussadhammavītikkamo ca oḷāriko .

Adinnādānamanussaviggahavītikkamā pana sukhumā cittalahukā .

Te sukhumeneva āpajjatiV1.186 , sukhumena rakkhati , tasmā visesena taṃvatthukaṃ kukkuccaṃ pucchiyamāno ‘‘ āpattī ’’ ti avatvā sacassa ācariyo dharati , tato tena so bhikkhu ‘‘ amhākaṃ ācariyaṃM1.202 pucchā ’’ ti pesetabbo .

Sace so puna āgantvā ‘‘ tumhākaṃ ācariyo suttato nayato oloketvā ‘ satekiccho ’ ti maṃ āhā ’’ ti vadati , tato anena so ‘‘ sādhu suṭṭhu yaṃ ācariyo bhaṇati taṃ karohī ’’ ti vattabbo .

Atha panassa ācariyo natthi , saddhiṃ uggahitatthero pana atthi , tassa santikaṃ pesetabbo –

‘‘ amhehi saha uggahitatthero gaṇapāmokkho , taṃ gantvā pucchā ’’ ti .

Tenāpi ‘‘ satekiccho ’’ ti vinicchite ‘‘ sādhu suṭṭhu tassa vacanaṃ karohī ’’ ti vattabbo .

Atha saddhiṃ uggahitattheropi natthi , antevāsiko paṇḍito atthi , tassa santikaṃ pesetabbo –

‘‘ asukadaharaṃ gantvā pucchā ’’ ti .

Tenāpi ‘‘ satekiccho ’’ ti vinicchite ‘‘ sādhu suṭṭhu tassa vacanaṃ karohī ’’ ti vattabbo .

Atha daharassāpi pārājikacchāyāva upaṭṭhāti , tenāpi ‘‘ pārājikosī ’’ ti na vattabbo .

Dullabho hi buddhuppādo , tato dullabhatarāM1.203 pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca .

Evaṃ pana vattabbo –

‘‘ vivittaṃ okāsaṃ sammajjitvā divāvihāraṃ nisīditvā sīlāni sodhetvā dvattiṃsākāraṃ tāva manasi karohī ’’ ti .

Sace tassa arogaṃ sīlaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ ghaṭayati , saṅkhārā pākaṭā hutvā upaṭṭhahanti , upacārappanāppattaṃ viya cittampi ekaggaṃ hoti , divasaṃ atikkantampi na jānāti .

So divasātikkame upaṭṭhānaṃ āgato evaṃ vattabbo –

‘‘ kīdisā te cittappavattī ’’ ti .

Ārocitāya cittappavattiyā vattabbo –

‘‘ pabbajjā nāma cittavisuddhatthāya , appamatto samaṇadhammaṃ karohī ’’ ti .

Yassa pana sīlaṃ bhinnaṃ hoti , tassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ na ghaṭayati , patodābhitunnaṃ viya cittaṃ vikampati , vippaṭisāragginā ḍayhati , tattapāsāṇe nisinno viya taṅkhaṇaññeva vuṭṭhāti .

SoP1.238 āgato ‘‘ kā te cittappavattī ’’ ti pucchitabbo .

Ārocitāya cittappavattiyā ‘‘ natthi loke raho nāma pāpakammaṃ pakubbato .

Sabbapaṭhamañhi pāpaṃ karonto attanā jānāti , athassa ārakkhadevatā paracittavidū samaṇabrāhmaṇā aññā ca devatā jānanti , tvaṃyeva dāni tava sotthiṃ pariyesāhī ’’ ti vattabbo .

Niṭṭhitā catubbidhavinayakathā

Vinayadharassa ca lakkhaṇādikathā .

Issues

Select Version

Pārājikakaṇḍa-aṭṭhakathā ( paṭhamo bhāgo )

Pārājikakaṇḍa-aṭṭhakathā ( paṭhamo bhāgo )