Paṭhamajjhānakathā

Idāni imāya paṭipadāya adhigataṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ ādiṃ katvā vijjattayapariyosānaṃ visesaṃ dassento ‘‘ so kho ahan ’’ ti ādimāha .

Tattha vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehītiādīnaṃ kiñcāpi ‘‘ tattha katame kāmā ?

Chando kāmo , rāgo kāmo , chandarāgo kāmo ;

saṅkappo kāmo , rāgo kāmo , saṅkapparāgo kāmo – ime vuccanti kāmā .

Tattha katame akusalā dhammā ?

Kāmacchando … pe … vicikicchā – ime vuccanti akusalā dhammā .

Iti imehi ca kāmehi imehi ca akusalehi dhammehiP1.142 vivitto hoti pavivitto , tena vuccati –

‘ vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī ’’’ tiādinā ( vibha .564) nayena vibhaṅgeyeva attho vutto .

Tathāpi aṭṭhakathānayaṃ vinā na suṭṭhu pākaṭoti aṭṭhakathānayeneva naṃ pakāsayissāma .

Seyyathidaṃ – vivicceva kāmehīti kāmehi viviccitvā vinā hutvā apasakketvā .

Yo panāyamettha evakāro , so niyamatthoti veditabbo .

Yasmā ca niyamattho , tasmā tasmiṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇasamaye avijjamānānampi kāmānaṃ tassa paṭhamajjhānassa paṭipakkhabhāvaṃ kāmapariccāgeneva cassa adhigamaṃ dīpeti .

Kathaṃ ?

‘‘ Vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti evañhi niyame kariyamāne idaṃ paññāyati .

Nūnimassa jhānassa kāmā paṭipakkhabhūtā , yesu sati idaṃ na pavattati , andhakāre sati padīpo viya , tesaṃ pariccāgeneva cassa adhigamo hoti , orimatīrapariccāgena pārimatīrasseva , tasmā niyamaṃ karotīti .

Tattha siyā –

‘‘ kasmā panesa pubbapadeyeva vutto na uttarapade , kiṃ akusalehi dhammehi aviviccāpi jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyā ’’ ti ?

NaM1.113 kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tannissaraṇato hi pubbapadeeva esa vutto .

Kāmadhātusamatikkamanato hi kāmarāgapaṭipakkhato ca idaṃ jhānaṃ kāmānameva nissaraṇaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ , yadidaṃ nekkhamman ’’ ti ( itivu .72).

Uttarapadepi pana yathā ‘‘ idheva , bhikkhave , paṭhamo samaṇo , idha dutiyo samaṇo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.139) ettha evakāro ānetvā vuccati , evaṃ vattabbo .

Na hi sakkā ito aññehipi nīvaraṇasaṅkhātehi akusalehi dhammehi avivicca jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃV1.105 .

Tasmā ‘‘ vivicceva kāmehi vivicceva akusalehi dhammehī ’’ ti evaṃ padadvayepi esa daṭṭhabbo .

Padadvayepi ca kiñcāpi ‘‘ viviccā ’’ ti iminā sādhāraṇavacanena tadaṅgavivekādayo kāyavivekādayo ca sabbepi vivekā saṅgahaṃ gacchanti .

Tathāpi kāyaviveko , cittaviveko , vikkhambhanavivekoti tayo eva idha daṭṭhabbā .

‘‘ Kāmehī ’’ ti iminā pana padena ye ca niddese ‘‘ katame vatthukāmā manāpiyā rūpā ’’ tiādinā ( mahāni .1; vibha .964) nayena vatthukāmā vuttā , ye ca tattheva vibhaṅge ca ‘‘ chandoP1.143 kāmo ’’ tiādinā ( mahāni .1) nayena kilesakāmā vuttā , te sabbepi saṅgahitā icceva daṭṭhabbā .

Evañhi sati ‘‘ vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti vatthukāmehipi viviccevāti attho yujjati .

Tena kāyaviveko vutto hoti .

Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti kilesakāmehi sabbākusalehi dhammehi vā viviccāti attho yujjati .

Tena cittaviveko vutto hoti .

Purimena cettha vatthukāmehi vivekavacanatoyeva kāmasukhapariccāgo , dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekavacanato nekkhammasukhapariggaho vibhāvito hoti .

Evaṃ vatthukāmakilesakāmavivekavacanatoyeva ca etesaṃ paṭhamena saṃkilesavatthuppahānaṃ , dutiyena saṃkilesappahānaṃ ;

paṭhamena lolabhāvassa hetupariccāgo , dutiyena bālabhāvassa ;

paṭhamena ca payogasuddhi , dutiyena āsayaposanaṃ vibhāvitaṃ hotīti viññātabbaṃ .

Esa tāva nayo ‘‘ kāmehī ’’ ti ettha vuttakāmesu vatthukāmapakkhe .

Kilesakāmapakkhe pana chandoti ca rāgoti ca evamādīhi anekabhedo kāmacchandoyeva kāmoti adhippeto .

So ca akusalapariyāpannopiM1.114 samāno ,‘‘ tattha katamo kāmachando kāmo ’’ tiādinā nayena vibhaṅge jhānapaṭipakkhato visuṃ vutto .

Kilesakāmattā vā purimapade vutto , akusalapariyāpannattā dutiyapade .

Anekabhedato cassa kāmatoti avatvā kāmehīti vuttaṃ .

Aññesampi ca dhammānaṃ akusalabhāve vijjamāne ‘‘ tattha katame akusalā dhammā kāmacchando ’’ tiādinā nayena vibhaṅge ( vibha .564) uparijhānaṅgapaccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato nīvaraṇāneva vuttāni .

Nīvaraṇāni hi jhānaṅgapaccanīkāni , tesaṃ jhānaṅgāneva paṭipakkhāni , viddhaṃsakānīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tathā hi ‘‘ samādhi kāmacchandassa paṭipakkho , pīti byāpādassa , vitakko thinamiddhassa , sukhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccassa , vicāro vicikicchāyā ’’ ti peṭake vuttaṃ .

Evamettha ‘‘ vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti iminā kāmacchandassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hoti .

‘‘ Vivicca akusalehi dhammehī ’’ ti iminā pañcannampi nīvaraṇānaṃ .

Aggahitaggahaṇena panaV1.106 paṭhamena kāmacchandassa , dutiyena sesanīvaraṇānaṃ .

Tathā paṭhamena tīsu akusalamūlesu pañcakāmaguṇabhedavisayassa lobhassa , dutiyenaP1.144 āghātavatthubhedādivisayānaṃ dosamohānaṃ .

Oghādīsu vā dhammesu paṭhamena kāmogha-kāmayoga-kāmāsava-kāmupādāna-abhijjhākāyagantha-kāmarāga-saṃyojanānaṃ , dutiyena avasesaogha-yogāsava-upādāna-gantha-saṃyojanānaṃ .

Paṭhamena ca taṇhāya taṃsampayuttakānañca , dutiyena avijjāya taṃsampayuttakānañca .

Apica paṭhamena lobhasampayuttaaṭṭhacittuppādānaṃ , dutiyena sesānaṃ catunnaṃ akusalacittuppādānaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti veditabbo .

Ayaṃ tāva ‘‘ vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī ’’ ti ettha atthappakāsanā .

Ettāvatā ca paṭhamassa jhānassa pahānaṅgaṃ dassetvā idāni sampayogaṅgaṃ dassento savitakkaṃ savicāran tiādimāha .

Tattha vitakkanaṃ vitakko , ūhananti vuttaṃ hoti .

Svāyaṃ ārammaṇe cittassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇo , āhananapariyāhananaraso .

Tathā hi ‘‘ tena yogāvacaro ārammaṇaṃ vitakkāhataṃ vitakkapariyāhataṃ karotī ’’ ti vuccati .

Ārammaṇe cittassa ānayanapaccupaṭṭhāno .

Vicaraṇaṃ vicāro , anusañcaraṇantiM1.115 vuttaṃ hoti .

Svāyaṃ ārammaṇānumajjanalakkhaṇo , tattha sahajātānuyojanaraso , cittassa anuppabandhanapaccupaṭṭhāno .

Santepi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge oḷārikaṭṭhena ghaṇṭābhighātasaddo viya cetaso paṭhamābhinipāto vitakko , sukhumaṭṭhena anuravo viya anuppabandho vicāro .

Vipphāravā cettha vitakko paripphandanabhāvo cittassa , ākāse uppatitukāmassa pakkhino pakkhavikkhepo viya padumābhimukhapāto viya ca gandhānubandhacetaso bhamarassa .

Santavutti vicāro nātiparipphandanabhāvo cittassa , ākāse uppatitassa pakkhino pakkhappasāraṇaṃ viya paribbhamanaṃ viya ca padumābhimukhapatitassa bhamarassa padumassa uparibhāge .

So pana nesaṃ viseso paṭhama-dutiyajjhānesu pākaṭo hoti .

Iti iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena saha vattati rukkho viya pupphena ca phalena cāti idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘ savitakkaṃ savicāran ’’ ti vuccati .

Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘ iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena upeto hotiP1.145 samupeto ’’ tiādinā ( vibha .565) nayena puggalādhiṭṭhānā desanā katā .

Attho pana tatrāpi evameva daṭṭhabbo .

Vivekajan ti ettha vivitti viveko , nīvaraṇavigamoti attho .

Vivittoti vā viveko , nīvaraṇavivitto jhānasampayuttadhammarāsīti attho .

Tasmā vivekā , tasmiṃ vā viveke jātanti vivekajaṃ .

Pītisukhan ti ettha pinayatīti pīti , sā sampiyāyanalakkhaṇā kāyacittapīnanarasāV1.107 , pharaṇarasā vā , odagyapaccupaṭṭhānā .

Sukhanaṃ sukhaṃ , suṭṭhu vā khādati khanati ca kāyacittābādhanti sukhaṃ , taṃ sātalakkhaṇaṃ , sampayuttakānaṃ upabrūhanarasaṃ , anuggahapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .

Satipi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge iṭṭhārammaṇapaṭilābhatuṭṭhi pīti , paṭiladdharasānubhavanaṃ sukhaṃ .

Yattha pīti tattha sukhaṃ , yattha sukhaṃ tattha na niyamato pīti .

Saṅkhārakkhandhasaṅgahitā pīti , vedanākkhandhasaṅgahitaṃ sukhaṃ .

Kantārakhinnassa vanantodakadassanasavanesu viya pīti , vanacchāyappavesanaudakaparibhogesu viya sukhaṃ .

Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye pākaṭabhāvato cetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Ayañca pīti , idañca sukhaṃ , assa jhānassa , asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘ pītisukhan ’’ ti vuccati .

Atha vā pīti ca sukhañca pītisukhaṃ , dhammavinayādayo viya .

Vivekajaṃ pītisukhamassa jhānassa , asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti evampi vivekajaṃpītisukhaṃ .

YathevaM1.116 hi jhānaṃ , evaṃ pītisukhaṃ pettha vivekajameva hoti , tañcassa atthīti tasmā ekapadeneva ‘‘ vivekajaṃ pītisukhan ’’ tipi vattuṃ yujjati .

Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘ idaṃ sukhaṃ imāya pītiyā sahagatan ’’ tiādinā ( vibha .567) nayenetaṃ vuttaṃ .

Attho pana tatrāpi evameva daṭṭhabbo .

Paṭhaman ti gaṇanānupubbatā paṭhamaṃ , idaṃ paṭhamaṃ samāpajjatītipi paṭhamaṃ .

Paccanīkadhamme jhāpetīti jhānaṃ , iminā yogino jhāyantītipi jhānaṃ , paccanīkadhamme ḍahanti gocaraṃ vā cintentīti attho .

Sayaṃ vā taṃ jhāyati upanijjhāyatīti jhānaṃ , teneva upanijjhāyanalakkhaṇanti vuccati .

Tadetaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānaṃP1.146 , lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti duvidhaṃ hoti .

Tattha ārammaṇūpanijjhānan ti saha upacārena aṭṭha samāpattiyo vuccanti .

Kasmā ?

Kasiṇādiārammaṇūpanijjhāyanato .

Lakkhaṇūpanijjhānan ti vipassanāmaggaphalāni vuccanti .

Kasmā ?

Lakkhaṇūpanijjhāyanato .

Ettha hi vipassanā aniccalakkhaṇādīni upanijjhāyati , vipassanāya upanijjhāyanakiccaṃ pana maggena sijjhatīti maggo lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti vuccati .

Phalaṃ pana nirodhassa tathalakkhaṇaṃ upanijjhāyatīti lakkhaṇūpanijjhānanti vuccati .

Imasmiṃ panatthe ārammaṇūpanijjhānameva jhānanti adhippetaṃ .

Etthāha –

‘‘ katamaṃ pana taṃ jhānaṃ nāma , yaṃ savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ … pe … pītisukhanti evaṃ apadesaṃ arahatī ’’ ti ?

Vuccate – yathā sadhano saparijanotiādīsu ṭhapetvā dhanañca parijanañca añño apadesāraho hoti , evaṃ ṭhapetvā vitakkādidhamme aññaṃ apadesārahaṃ natthi .

Yathā pana sarathā sapatti senāti vutte senaṅgesuyeva senāsammuti , evamidha pañcasu aṅgesuyevaV1.108 jhānasammuti veditabbā .

Katamesu pañcasu ?

Vitakko , vicāro , pīti , sukhaṃ , cittekaggatāti etesu .

Etāneva hissa ‘‘ savitakkaṃ savicāran ’’ tiādinā nayena aṅgabhāvena vuttāni .

Avuttattā ekaggatā aṅgaṃ na hotīti ce tañca na .

Kasmā ?

Vuttattā eva .

Sāpi hi vibhaṅge ‘‘ jhānanti vitakko vicāro pīti sukhaṃ cittassekaggatā ’’ ti evaṃ vuttāyeva .

Tasmā yathā savitakkaṃ savicāranti , evaṃ sacittekaggatanti idha avuttepi iminā vibhaṅgavacanena cittekaggatāpi aṅgamevāti veditabbā .

Yena hi adhippāyena bhagavatā uddeso kato , so eva tena vibhaṅgepi pakāsitoti .

UpasampajjātiM1.117 upagantvā , pāpuṇitvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Upasampādayitvā vā , nipphādetvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘ upasampajjāti paṭhamassa jhānassa lābho paṭilābho patti sampatti phusanā samphusanā sacchikiriyā upasampadā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Tassāpi evamevattho veditabbo .

Vihāsin ti bodhimaṇḍe nisajjasaṅkhātena iriyāpathavihārena itivuttappakārajhānasamaṅgīP1.147 hutvā attabhāvassa iriyaṃ vuttiṃ pālanaṃ yapanaṃ yāpanaṃ cāraṃ vihāraṃ abhinipphādesinti attho .

Vuttañhetaṃ vibhaṅge –

‘‘ viharatīti iriyati vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati , tena vuccati viharatī ’’ ti ( vibha .512).

Kiṃ pana katvā bhagavā imaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsīti ?

Kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā .

Kataraṃ ?

Ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ .

Aññena tadatthikena kiṃ kātabbanti ?

Aññenapi etaṃ vā kammaṭṭhānaṃ pathavīkasiṇādīnaṃ vā aññataraṃ bhāvetabbaṃ .

Tesaṃ bhāvanānayo visuddhimagge ( visuddhi .1.55) vuttanayeneva veditabbo .

Idha pana vuccamāne atibhāriyaṃ vinayanidānaṃ hoti , tasmā pāḷiyā atthappakāsanamattameva karomāti .

Paṭhamajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā .

Issues

Pārājikakaṇḍa-aṭṭhakathā ( paṭhamo bhāgo )

Pārājikakaṇḍa-aṭṭhakathā ( paṭhamo bhāgo )