Catutthajjhānakathā
Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānāti kāyikasukhassa ca kāyikadukkhassa ca pahānā .
Pubbevāti tañca kho pubbeva , na catutthajjhānakkhaṇe
M1.123 .Somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāti cetasikasukhassa ca cetasikadukkhassa cāti imesampi dvinnaṃ pubbeva atthaṅgamā pahānā icceva vuttaṃ hoti .
Kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hoti ?
Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe .
Somanassañhi catutthajjhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyati , dukkhadomanassasukhāni paṭhamadutiyatatiyānaṃ upacārakkhaṇesu .
Evametesaṃ pahānakkamena avuttānaṃ , indriyavibhaṅge pana indriyānaṃ uddesakkameneva idhāpi vuttānaṃ sukhadukkhasomanassa domanassānaṃ pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Yadi
V1.114 panetāni tassa tassa jhānassupacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyanti , atha kasmā ‘‘ kattha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati ?Idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi … pe … paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati , etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati .
Kattha cuppannaṃ domanassindriyaṃ … sukhindriyaṃ … somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati ?
Idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā … pe … catutthajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati , etthuppannaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.510) evaṃ jhānesveva nirodho vuttoti ?
Atisayanirodhattā .
Atisayanirodho hi nesaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīsu , na nirodhoyeva ;
nirodhoyeva pana upacārakkhaṇe , nātisayanirodho .
Tathā hi nānāvajjane paṭhamajjhānūpacāre niruddhassāpi dukkhindriyassa ḍaṃsamakasādisamphassena vā visamāsanupatāpena vā siyā uppatti , na tveva antoappanāyaṃ .
Upacāre vā niruddhampetaṃ na suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti ;
paṭipakkhena avihatattā .
Antoappanāyaṃ pana pītipharaṇena sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hoti .
Sukhokkantakāyassa ca suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti dukkhindriyaṃ ;
paṭipakkhena vihatattā .
Nānāvajjane eva
P1.154 ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassa domanassindriyassa yasmā etaṃ vitakkavicārappaccayepi kāyakilamathe cittupaghāte ca sati uppajjati , vitakkavicārābhāve neva uppajjati .Yattha pana uppajjati tattha vitakkavicārabhāve .
Appahīnā eva ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre vitakkavicārāti tatthassa siyā uppatti ;
appahīnapaccayattā .
Na tveva dutiyajjhāne ;
pahīnapaccayattā .
Tathā tatiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi sukhindriyassa pītisamuṭṭhānapaṇītarūpaphuṭakāyassa siyā uppatti , na tveva tatiyajjhāne .
Tatiyajjhāne hi sukhassa paccayabhūtā
M1.124 pīti sabbaso niruddhāti .Tathā catutthajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi somanassindriyassa āsannattā , appanāppattāya upekkhāya abhāvena sammā anatikkantattā ca siyā uppatti , na tveva catutthajjhāne .
Tasmā eva ca ‘‘ etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī ’’ ti tattha tattha aparisesaggahaṇaṃ katanti .
Etthāha –
‘‘ athevaṃ tassa tassa jhānassūpacāre pahīnāpi etā vedanā idha kasmā samāharī ’’ ti ?
Sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ .
Yā hi ayaṃ ‘‘ adukkhamasukhan ’’ ti ettha adukkhamasukhā vedanā vuttā , sā sukhumā atidubbiññeyyā na sakkā sukhena gahetuṃ .
Tasmā yathā nāma duṭṭhassa yathā vā tathā vā upasaṅkamitvā gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa goṇassa gahaṇatthaṃ gopo ekasmiṃ vaje sabbe gāvo samāharati , athekekaṃ nīharanto paṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ ‘‘ ayaṃ so , gaṇhatha nan ’’ ti tampi gāhāpayati ;
evameva bhagavā sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ sabbā etā samāhari .
Evañhi
V1.115 samāhaṭā etā dassetvā ‘‘ yaṃ neva sukhaṃ na dukkhaṃ na somanassaṃ na domanassaṃ , ayaṃ adukkhamasukhā vedanā ’’ ti sakkā hoti esā gāhayituṃ .Apica adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā paccayadassanatthañcāpi etā vuttāti veditabbā .
Sukhappahānādayo hi tassā paccayā .
Yathāha –
‘‘ cattāro kho , āvuso , paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā .
Idhāvuso , bhikkhu , sukhassa ca pahānā … pe … catutthajjhānaṃ
P1.155 upasampajja viharati .Ime kho , āvuso , cattāro paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.458).
Yathā vā aññattha pahīnāpi sakkāyadiṭṭhiādayo tatiyamaggassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ tattha pahīnāti vuttā ;
evaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthampetassa jhānassetā idha vuttātipi veditabbā .
Paccayaghātena vā ettha rāgadosānaṃ atidūrabhāvaṃ dassetumpetā vuttāti veditabbā .
Etāsu hi sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo , somanassaṃ rāgassa , dukkhaṃ domanassassa , domanassaṃ dosassa .
Sukhādighātena ca te sappaccayā rāgadosā hatāti atidūre hontīti .
Adukkhamasukhan ti dukkhābhāvena adukkhaṃ , sukhābhāvena asukhaṃ .
Etenettha dukkhasukhapaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tatiyavedanaṃ dīpeti , na dukkhasukhābhāvamattaṃ .
Tatiyavedanā nāma – adukkhamasukhā , upekkhātipi vuccati .
Sā iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītānubhavanalakkhaṇā , majjhattarasā , avibhūtapaccupaṭṭhānā , sukhanirodhapadaṭṭhānāti veditabbā .
Upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ti upekkhāya janitasatipārisuddhiṃ .
Imasmiñhi jhāne suparisuddhā sati .
Yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi , sā upekkhāya katā na aññena ;
tasmā etaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti vuccati .
Vibhaṅge pi vuttaṃ –
‘‘ ayaṃ sati imāya upekkhāya visadā hoti parisuddhā pariyodātā , tena vuccati –
‘ upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ’’’ ti ( vibha .597).
Yāya ca upekkhāya ettha satiyā pārisuddhi hoti , sā atthato tatramajjhattatā veditabbā .
Na kevalañcettha tāya satiyeva parisuddhā , apica kho sabbepi sampayuttadhammā ;
satisīsena pana desanā vuttā .
Tattha
M1.125 kiñcāpi ayaṃ upekkhā heṭṭhāpi tīsu jhānesu vijjati , yathā pana divā sūriyappabhābhibhavā sommabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā sabhāgāya rattiyā alābhā divā vijjamānāpi candalekhā aparisuddhā hoti apariyodātā ;evamayampi tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā vitakkavicārādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā alābhā vijjamānāpi paṭhamādijjhānabhedesu aparisuddhā
P1.156 hoti .Tassā ca
V1.116 aparisuddhāya divā aparisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo aparisuddhāva honti ;tasmā tesu ekampi ‘‘ upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ’’ ti na vuttaṃ .
Idha pana vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavābhāvā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā paṭilābhā ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā ativiya parisuddhā , tassā parisuddhattā parisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā , tasmā idameva upekkhāsatipārisuddhinti vuttanti veditabbaṃ .
Catutthan ti gaṇanānupubbato catutthaṃ .
Idaṃ catutthaṃ samāpajjatītipi catutthaṃ .
Jhānan ti ettha yathā tatiyaṃ upekkhādīhi pañcaṅgikaṃ ;
evamidaṃ upekkhādīhi tivaṅgikaṃ .
Yathāha –
‘‘ jhānanti upekkhā , sati cittassekaggatā ’’ ti .
Pariyāyo eva ceso .
Ṭhapetvā pana satiṃ upekkhekaggatameva gahetvā nippariyāyena duvaṅgikamevetaṃ hoti .
Yathāha –
‘‘ katamaṃ tasmiṃ samaye duvaṅgikaṃ jhānaṃ hoti ?
Upekkhā , cittassekaggatā ’’ ti ( dha . sa .165).
Sesaṃ vuttanayamevāti .
Catutthajjhānakathā niṭṭhitā .