Pubbenivāsakathā
12. Iti imāni cattāri jhānāni kesañci cittekaggatatthāni honti , kesañci vipassanāpādakāni , kesañci abhiññāpādakāni , kesañci nirodhapādakāni , kesañci bhavokkamanatthāni .
Tattha khīṇāsavānaṃ cittekaggatatthāni honti , te hi samāpajjitvā ‘‘ ekaggacittā sukhaṃ divasaṃ viharissāmā ’’ ti
M1.126 iccevaṃ kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattenti .Sekkhaputhujjanānaṃ ‘‘ samāpattito vuṭṭhāya samāhitena cittena vipassissāmā ’’ ti nibbattentānaṃ vipassanāpādakāni honti .
Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā abhiññāpādakaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ ekopi hutvā bahudhā hotī ’’ ti vuttanayā abhiññāyo patthentā nibbattenti , tesaṃ abhiññāpādakāni honti .
Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā sattāhaṃ acittakā hutvā diṭṭheva dhamme nirodhaṃ nibbānaṃ patvā sukhaṃ viharissāmā ’’ ti nibbattenti , tesaṃ nirodhapādakāni
P1.157 honti .Ye pana aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘ aparihīnajjhānā hutvā brahmaloke uppajjissāmā ’’ ti nibbattenti , tesaṃ bhavokkamanatthāni honti .
Bhagavatā
V1.117 panidaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ bodhirukkhamūle nibbattitaṃ , taṃ tassa vipassanāpādakañceva ahosi abhiññāpādakañca nirodhapādakañca sabbakiccasādhakañca sabbalokiyalokuttaraguṇadāyakanti veditabbaṃ .Yesañca guṇānaṃ dāyakaṃ ahosi , tesaṃ ekadesaṃ dassento ‘‘ so evaṃ samāhite citte ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha soti so ahaṃ .
Evan ti catutthajjhānakkamanidassanametaṃ .
Iminā kamena catutthajjhānaṃ paṭilabhitvāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Samāhiteti iminā catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite .
Parisuddhetiādīsu pana upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvena parisuddhe .
Parisuddhattāyeva pariyodāte , pabhassareti vuttaṃ hoti .
Sukhādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ ghātena vihatarāgādiaṅgaṇattā anaṅgaṇe .
Anaṅgaṇattāyeva ca vigatūpakkilese ;
aṅgaṇena hi cittaṃ upakkilissati .
Subhāvitattā mudubhūte , vasībhāvappatteti vuttaṃ hoti .
Vase vattamānañhi cittaṃ mudūti vuccati .
Muduttāyeva ca kammaniye , kammakkhame kammayoggeti vuttaṃ hoti .
Mudu hi cittaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti sudhantamiva suvaṇṇaṃ , tadubhayampi ca subhāvitattā eva .
Yathāha –
‘‘ nāhaṃ , bhikkhave , aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi , yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ mudu ca hoti kammaniyañca , yathayidaṃ , bhikkhave , cittan ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.22).
Etesu
M1.127 parisuddhabhāvādīsu ṭhitattā ṭhite .Ṭhitattāyeva āneñjappatte , acale niriñjaneti vuttaṃ hoti .
Mudukammaññabhāvena vā attano vase ṭhitattā ṭhite , saddhādīhi pariggahitattā āneñjappatte .
Saddhāpariggahitañhi cittaṃ assaddhiyena na iñjati , vīriyapariggahitaṃ kosajjena na iñjati , satipariggahitaṃ pamādena na iñjati , samādhipariggahitaṃ uddhaccena na iñjati , paññāpariggahitaṃ avijjāya na iñjati , obhāsagataṃ kilesandhakārena na iñjati .
Imehi
P1.158 chahi dhammehi pariggahitaṃ āneñjappattaṃ cittaṃ hoti .Evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya .
Aparo nayo – catutthajjhānasamādhinā samāhite .
Nīvaraṇadūrībhāvena parisuddhe .
Vitakkādisamatikkamena pariyodāte .
Jhānappaṭilābhapaccayānaṃ pāpakānaṃ icchāvacarānaṃ abhāvena anaṅgaṇe .
Abhijjhādīnaṃ cittūpakkilesānaṃ vigamena vigatūpakkilese .
Ubhayampi cetaṃ anaṅgaṇavattha suttānusārena ( ma . ni .1.57 ādayo ) veditabbaṃ .
Vasippattiyā mudubhūte .
Iddhipādabhāvūpagamena kammaniye .
Bhāvanāpāripūriyā paṇītabhāvūpagamena ṭhite āneñjappatte
V1.118 .Yathā āneñjappattaṃ hoti ;
evaṃ ṭhiteti attho .
Evampi aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ abhinīhārakkhamaṃ hoti abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhiññāsacchikiriyāya , pādakaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūtanti attho .
Pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāyāti evaṃ abhiññāpādake jāte etasmiṃ citte pubbenivāsānussatimhi yaṃ ñāṇaṃ tadatthāya .
Tattha pubbenivāsoti pubbe atītajātīsu nivutthakkhandhā .
Nivutthāti ajjhāvutthā anubhūtā attano santāne uppajjitvā niruddhā nivutthadhammā vā nivutthā , gocaranivāsena nivutthā , attano viññāṇena viññātā paricchinnā , paraviññāṇaviññātāpi vā chinnavaṭumakānussaraṇādīsu .
Pubbenivāsānussatīti yāya satiyā pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati , sā pubbenivāsānussati .
Ñāṇan ti tāya satiyā sampayuttañāṇaṃ .
Evamimassa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇassa atthāya pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya etassa ñāṇassa adhigamāya pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Abhininnāmesin ti abhinīhariṃ .
Soti
M1.128 so ahaṃ .Anekavihitan ti anekavidhaṃ , anekehi vā pakārehi pavattitaṃ saṃvaṇṇitanti attho .
Pubbenivāsan ti samanantarātītaṃ bhavaṃ ādiṃ katvā tattha tattha nivutthasantānaṃ .
Anussarāmīti ‘‘ ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo ’’ ti evaṃ jātipaṭipāṭiyā anugantvā anugantvā sarāmi , anudeva vā sarāmi , citte
P1.159 abhininnāmitamatte eva sarāmīti dasseti .Pūritapāramīnañhi mahāpurisānaṃ parikammakaraṇaṃ natthi , tena te cittaṃ abhininnāmetvāva saranti .
Ādikammikakulaputtā pana parikammaṃ katvāva saranti , tasmā tesaṃ vasena parikammaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā .
Taṃ pana vuccamānaṃ atibhāriyaṃ vinayanidānaṃ karoti , tasmā taṃ na vadāma .
Atthikehi pana visuddhimagge ( visuddhi .2.402 ādayo ) vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ .
Idha pana pāḷimeva vaṇṇayissāma .
Seyyathidan ti āraddhappakāradassanatthe nipāto .
Teneva yvāyaṃ pubbenivāso āraddho , tassa pakārappabhedaṃ dassento ekampi jātin tiādimāha .
Tattha ekampi jātin ti ekampi paṭisandhimūlaṃ cutipariyosānaṃ ekabhavapariyāpannaṃ khandhasantānaṃ .
Esa nayo dvepi jātiyotiādīsu .
Anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappetiādīsu pana parihāyamāno kappo saṃvaṭṭakappo , vaḍḍhamāno vivaṭṭakappoti veditabbo .
Tattha ca saṃvaṭṭena saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī gahito hoti tammūlakattā .
Vivaṭṭena ca vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī .
Evañhi sati yāni tāni ‘‘ cattārimāni , bhikkhave , kappassa asaṅkhyeyyāni
V1.119 .Katamāni cattāri ?
Saṃvaṭṭo saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyī , vivaṭṭo vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyī ’’ ti vuttāni tāni sabbāni pariggahitāni honti .
Tattha tayo saṃvaṭṭā – tejosaṃvaṭṭo , āposaṃvaṭṭo , vāyosaṃvaṭṭoti .
Tisso saṃvaṭṭasīmā – ābhassarā , subhakiṇhā , vehapphalāti .
Yadā kappo tejena saṃvaṭṭati , ābhassarato heṭṭhā agginā ḍayhati .
Yadā udakena saṃvaṭṭati , subhakiṇhato heṭṭhā udakena vilīyati .
Yadā vātena saṃvaṭṭati , vehapphalato heṭṭhā vātena viddhaṃsiyati .
Vitthārato pana sadāpi ekaṃ buddhakkhettaṃ vinassati .
Buddhakkhettaṃ nāma tividhaṃ hoti – jātikkhettaṃ , āṇākkhettaṃ , visayakkhettañca .
Tattha jātikkhettaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti , yaṃ tathāgatassa paṭisandhiādīsu kampati .
Āṇākkhettaṃ
M1.129 koṭisatasahassacakkavāḷapariyantaṃ hoti .Yattha ratanaparittaṃ , khandhaparittaṃ , dhajaggaparittaṃ , āṭānāṭiyaparittaṃ , moraparittanti imesaṃ parittānaṃ ānubhāvo pavattati .
Visayakkhettaṃ pana anantaṃ aparimāṇaṃ ,‘‘ yaṃ
P1.160 yāvatā vā pana ākaṅkheyyā ’’ ti ( a . ni .3.81) vuttaṃ yattha yaṃ yaṃ ākaṅkhati taṃ taṃ anussarati .Evametesu tīsu buddhakkhettesu ekaṃ āṇākkhettaṃ vinassati .
Tasmiṃ pana vinassante jātikkhettampi vinaṭṭhameva hoti ;
vinassantañca ekatova vinassati , saṇṭhahantampi ekatova saṇṭhahati .
Tassa vināso ca saṇṭhahanañca visuddhimagge ( visuddhi .2.404) vuttaṃ .
Atthikehi tato gahetabbaṃ .
Ye panete saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭā vuttā , etesu bhagavā bodhimaṇḍe sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhanatthāya nisinno anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe sari .
Kathaṃ ?
‘‘ Amutrāsin ’’ tiādinā nayena .
Tattha amutrāsin ti amumhi saṃvaṭṭakappe ahaṃ amumhi bhave vā yoniyā vā gatiyā vā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā vā sattāvāse vā sattanikāye vā ahosiṃ .
Evaṃnāmoti vessantaro vā jotipālo vā .
Evaṃgottoti bhaggavo vā gotamo vā .
Evaṃvaṇṇoti odāto vā sāmo vā .
Evamāhāroti sālimaṃsodanāhāro vā pavattaphalabhojano vā .
Evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedīti anekappakārena kāyikacetasikānaṃ sāmisanirāmisādippabhedānaṃ vā sukhadukkhānaṃ paṭisaṃvedī .
Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ vassasataparamāyupariyanto vā caturāsītikappasahassaparamāyupariyanto vā .
So
V1.120 tato cuto amutra udapādin ti so ahaṃ tato bhavato yonito gatito viññāṇaṭṭhitito sattāvāsato sattanikāyato vā cuto , puna amukasmiṃ nāma bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā udapādiṃ .Tatrāpāsin ti atha tatrāpi bhave yoniyā gatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyā sattāvāse sattanikāye vā puna ahosiṃ .
Evaṃnāmotiādi vuttanayameva .
Atha vā yasmā amutrāsin ti idaṃ anupubbena ārohantassa yāvadicchakaṃ saraṇaṃ .
So tato cutoti paṭinivattantassa paccavekkhaṇaṃ .
Tasmā idhūpapannoti imissā idhūpapattiyā anantaraṃ amutra udapādinti tusitabhavanaṃ sandhāyāhāti veditabbaṃ .
Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmoti tatrāpi
M1.130 tusitabhavaneP1.161 setaketu nāma devaputto ahosiṃ .Evaṃgottoti tāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ ekagotto .
Evaṃvaṇṇoti suvaṇṇavaṇṇo .
Evamāhāroti dibbasudhāhāro .
Evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedīti evaṃ dibbasukhappaṭisaṃvedī .
Dukkhaṃ pana saṅkhāradukkhamattameva .
Evamāyupariyantoti evaṃ sattapaññāsavassakoṭisaṭṭhivassasatasahassāyupariyanto .
So tato cutoti so ahaṃ tato tusitabhavanato cuto .
Idhūpapannoti idha mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchimhi nibbatto .
Itīti evaṃ .
Sākāraṃ sauddesan ti nāmagottavasena sauddesaṃ , vaṇṇādivasena sākāraṃ .
Nāmagottavasena hi satto ‘‘ datto , tisso , gotamo ’’ ti uddisīyati ;
vaṇṇādīhi odāto , sāmoti nānattato paññāyati ;
tasmā nāmagottaṃ uddeso , itare ākārā .
Kiṃ pana buddhāyeva pubbenivāsaṃ sarantīti ?
Vuccate – na buddhāyeva , paccekabuddha-buddhasāvaka-titthiyāpi , no ca kho avisesena .
Titthiyā hi cattālīsaṃyeva kappe saranti , na tato paraṃ .
Kasmā ?
Dubbalapaññattā .
Tesañhi nāmarūpaparicchedavirahato dubbalā paññā hoti .
Sāvakesu pana asītimahāsāvakā kappasatasahassaṃ saranti ;
dve aggasāvakā ekamasaṅkhyeyyaṃ satasahassañca .
Paccekabuddhā dve asaṅkhyeyyāni satasahassañca .
Ettako hi tesaṃ abhinīhāro .
Buddhānaṃ pana paricchedo natthi , yāva icchanti tāva saranti .
Titthiyā ca khandhapaṭipāṭimeva saranti .
Paṭipāṭiṃ muñcitvā cutipaṭisandhivasena sarituṃ na sakkonti .
Tesañhi andhānaṃ viya icchitappadesokkamanaṃ natthi .
Sāvakā ubhayathāpi saranti ;
tathā paccekabuddhā .
Buddhā pana khandhapaṭipāṭiyāpi cutipaṭisandhivasenapi sīhokkantavasenapi anekāsu kappakoṭīsu heṭṭhā vā upari vā yaṃ yaṃ ṭhānaṃ ākaṅkhanti , taṃ sabbaṃ sarantiyeva .
Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇātiādīsu meti mayā .
Vijjāti viditakaraṇaṭṭhena vijjā .
Kiṃ viditaṃ
V1.121 karoti ?Pubbenivāsaṃ .
Avijjāti tasseva pubbenivāsassa aviditakaraṇaṭṭhena tappaṭicchādakamoho vuccati .
Tamoti sveva moho tappaṭicchādakaṭṭhena
P1.162 ‘‘ tamo ’’ ti vuccati .Ālokoti sāyevavijjā obhāsakaraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘ āloko ’’ ti vuccati .
Ettha ca vijjā adhigatāti ayaṃ attho , sesaṃ pasaṃsāvacanaṃ .
Yojanā
M1.131 panettha – ayaṃ kho me vijjā adhigatā , tassa me adhigatavijjassa avijjā vihatā , vinaṭṭhāti attho .Kasmā ?
Yasmā vijjā uppannā .
Esa nayo itarasmimpi padadvaye .
Yathā tan ti ettha yathāti opammatthe .
Tan ti nipāto .
Satiyā avippavāsena appamattassa .
Vīriyātāpena ātāpino .
Kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya pahitattassa , pesitacittassāti attho .
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yathā appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avijjā vihaññeyya vijjā uppajjeyya , tamo vihaññeyya āloko uppajjeyya ;
evameva mama avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā , tamo vihato āloko uppanno .
Etassa me padhānānuyogassa anurūpameva phalaṃ laddhanti .
Ayaṃ kho me brāhmaṇa paṭhamā abhinibbhidā ahosi kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhāti ayaṃ kho mama brāhmaṇa pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇamukhatuṇḍakena pubbe nivutthakkhandhapaṭicchādakaṃ avijjaṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā paṭhamā abhinibbhidā paṭhamā nikkhanti paṭhamā ariyājāti ahosi , kukkuṭacchāpakasseva mukhatuṇḍakena vā pādanakhasikhāya vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā tamhā aṇḍakosamhā abhinibbhidā nikkhanti kukkuṭanikāye paccājātīti .
Pubbenivāsakathā niṭṭhitā .