Bāhiranidānakathā

TatthaM1.4 taṃ vaṇṇayissaṃ vinayan ti vuttattā vinayo tāva vavatthapetabbo .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ vinayo nāma idha sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ adhippetan ’’ ti .

Saṃvaṇṇanatthaṃ panassa ayaṃ mātikā –

Vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmā , dhāritaṃ yena cābhataṃ ;

Yatthappatiṭṭhitacetametaṃ vatvā vidhiṃ tato .

Tenātiādipāṭhassa , atthaṃ nānappakārato ;

Dassayanto karissāmi , vinayassatthavaṇṇananti .

Tattha vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmāti idaṃ tāva vacanaṃ ‘‘ tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatī ’’ ti evamādivacanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ .

Idañhi buddhassa bhagavato attapaccakkhavacanaṃ na hoti , tasmā vattabbametaṃP1.4 ‘‘ idaṃ vacanaṃ kena vuttaṃ , kadā vuttaṃ , kasmā ca vuttan ’’ ti ?

Āyasmatā upālittherena vuttaṃ , tañca pana paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle .

Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā

PaṭhamamahāsaṅgītiV1.5 nāma cesā kiñcāpi pañcasatika saṅgītikkhandhake vuttā , nidānakosallatthaṃ pana idhāpi iminā nayena veditabbā .

Dhammacakkappavattanañhi ādiṃ katvā yāva subhaddaparibbājakavinayanā katabuddhakicce kusinārāyaṃ upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane yamakasālānamantare visākhapuṇṇamadivase paccūsasamaye anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbute bhagavati lokanāthe , bhagavato parinibbāne sannipatitānaṃ sattannaṃ bhikkhusatasahassānaṃ saṅghatthero āyasmā mahākassapo sattāhaparinibbute bhagavati , subhaddena vuḍḍhapabbajitena ‘‘ alaṃ , āvuso , mā socittha , mā paridevittha , sumuttā mayaṃ tena mahāsamaṇena ;

upaddutā ca homa –

‘ idaṃ vo kappati , idaṃ vo na kappatī ’ ti !

Idāni pana mayaṃ yaṃ icchissāma taṃ karissāma , yaṃ na icchissāma na taṃ karissāmā ’’ ti ( cūḷava .437; dī . ni .2.232) vuttavacanamanussaranto ‘‘ ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati yaṃ pāpabhikkhū atītasatthukaṃ pāvacananti maññamānāM1.5 pakkhaṃ labhitvā nacirasseva saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeyyuṃ , yāva ca dhammavinayo tiṭṭhati tāva anatītasatthukameva pāvacanaṃ hoti .

Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘ Yo vo , ānanda , mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññattoP1.5 , so vo mamaccayena satthā ’ ti ( dī . ni .2.216).

‘‘ Yaṃnūnāhaṃ dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyaṃ , yathayidaṃ sāsanaṃ addhaniyaṃ assa ciraṭṭhitikaṃ .

Yaṃ cāhaṃ bhagavatā –

‘ Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ , kassapa , sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī ’ ti vatvā cīvare sādhāraṇaparibhogena ceva ,

‘ Ahaṃ , bhikkhave , yāvade ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi … pe … paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi ;

kassapopi , bhikkhave , yāvade ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi … pe … paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī ’ ti –

EvamādināV1.6 nayena navānupubbavihārachaḷabhiññāppabhede uttarimanussadhamme attanā samasamaṭṭhapanena ca anuggahito , tassa kimaññaṃ āṇaṇyaṃ bhavissati ;

nanu maṃ bhagavā rājā viya sakakavacaissariyānuppadānena attano kulavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpakaṃ puttaṃ ‘ saddhammavaṃsappatiṭṭhāpako me ayaṃ bhavissatī ’ ti mantvā iminā asādhāraṇena anuggahena anuggahesī ’’ ti cintayanto dhammavinayasaṅgāyanatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhaṃ janesi .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhikkhū āmantesi –

‘ ekamidāhaṃ , āvuso , samayaṃ pāvāya kusināraṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.231) sabbaṃ subhaddakaṇḍa ṃ vitthārato veditabbaṃ .

TatoP1.6M1.6 paraṃ āha –

‘‘ Handa mayaṃ , āvuso , dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma .

Pure adhammo dippati , dhammo paṭibāhiyyati ;

avinayo dippati , vinayo paṭibāhiyyati .

Pure adhammavādino balavanto honti , dhammavādino dubbalā honti ;

avinayavādino balavanto honti , vinayavādino dubbalā hontī ’’ ti ( cūḷava .437).

Bhikkhū āhaṃsu –

‘‘ tena hi , bhante , thero bhikkhū uccinatū ’’ ti .

Thero sakalanavaṅgasatthusāsanapariyattidhare puthujjana-sotāpanna-sakadāgāmi-anāgāmi-sukkhavipassakakhīṇāsavabhikkhū anekasate anekasahasse ca vajjetvā tipiṭakasabbapariyattippabhedadhare paṭisambhidāppatte mahānubhāve yebhuyyena bhagavatā etadaggaṃ āropite tevijjādibhede khīṇāsavabhikkhūyeva ekūnapañcasate pariggahesi .

Ye sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘ atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo ekenūnāpañcaarahantasatāni uccinī ’’ ti ( cūḷava .437).

Kissa pana thero ekenūnamakāsīti ?

Āyasmato ānandattherassa okāsakaraṇatthaṃ .

Tena hāyasmatā sahāpi vināpi na sakkā dhammasaṅgīti kātuṃ , so hāyasmā sekkho sakaraṇīyo , tasmā sahāpi na sakkā ;

yasmā panassa kiñci dasabaladesitaṃ suttageyyādikaṃ bhagavato asammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ nāma natthi , tasmā vināpi na sakkā .

Yadi evaṃ sekkhopi samāno dhammasaṅgītiyā bahukārattā therena uccinitabbo assa .

Atha kasmā na uccinitotiP1.7 ?

Parūpavādavivajjanato .

Thero hi āyasmante ānande ativiya vissattho ahosi , tathā hi naṃV1.7 sirasmiṃ palitesu jātesupi ‘‘ na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.154) kumārakavādena ovadati .

Sakyakulappasuto cāyaṃ āyasmā tathāgatassa bhātā cūḷapituputto .

Tatra hi bhikkhū chandāgamanaṃ viya maññamānā ‘‘ bahū asekkhapaṭisambhidāppatte bhikkhū ṭhapetvā ānandaṃ sekkhapaṭisambhidāppattaṃ thero uccinī ’’ ti upavadeyyuṃ , taṃ parūpavādaṃ parivajjento ‘‘ ānandaṃ vinā saṅgītiM1.7 na sakkā kātuṃ , bhikkhūnaṃyeva anumatiyā gahessāmī ’’ ti na uccini .

Atha sayameva bhikkhū ānandassatthāya theraṃ yāciṃsu .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavocuṃ –

‘ ayaṃ , bhante , āyasmā ānando kiñcāpi sekkho abhabbo chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṃ gantuṃ , bahu cānena bhagavato santike dhammo ca vinayo ca pariyatto ;

tena hi , bhante , thero āyasmantampi ānandaṃ uccinatū ’ ti .

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantampi ānandaṃ uccinī ’’ ti ( cūḷava .437).

Evaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anumatiyā uccinitena tenāyasmatā saddhiṃ pañca therasatāni ahesuṃ .

Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi –

‘‘ kattha nu kho mayaṃ dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāmā ’’ ti .

Atha kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi –

‘‘ rājagahaṃ khoP1.8 mahāgocaraṃ pahūtasenāsanaṃ , yaṃnūna mayaṃ rājagahe vassaṃ vasantā dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāma , na aññe bhikkhū rājagahe vassaṃ upagaccheyyun ’’ ti .

Kasmā pana nesaṃ etadahosi ?

Idaṃ amhākaṃ thāvarakammaṃ , koci visabhāgapuggalo saṅghamajjhaṃ pavisitvā ukkoṭeyyāti .

Athāyasmā mahākassapo ñattidutiyena kammena sāvesi , taṃ saṅgītikkhandhake vuttanayeneva ñātabbaṃ .

Atha tathāgatassa parinibbānato sattasu sādhukīḷanadivasesu sattasu ca dhātupūjādivasesu vītivattesu ‘‘ aḍḍhamāso atikkanto , idāni gimhānaṃ diyaḍḍho māso seso , upakaṭṭhā vassūpanāyikā ’’ ti mantvā mahākassapatthero ‘‘ rājagahaṃ , āvuso , gacchāmā ’’ ti upaḍḍhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā ekaṃ maggaṃ gato .

Anuruddhattheropi upaḍḍhaṃ gahetvā ekaṃ maggaṃ gato .

Ānandatthero pana bhagavato pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto sāvatthiṃ gantvā rājagahaṃ gantukāmo yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi .

Ānandattherena gatagataṭṭhāne mahāparidevo ahosiV1.8 –

‘‘ bhante ānanda , kuhiṃ satthāraṃ ṭhapetvā āgatosī ’’ tiM1.8 .

Anupubbena pana sāvatthiṃ anuppatte there bhagavato parinibbānadivase viya mahāparidevo ahosi .

Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā ānando aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya taṃ mahājanaṃ saññāpetvā jetavanaṃ pavisitvā dasabalena vasitagandhakuṭiyā dvāraṃ vivaritvā mañcapīṭhaṃ nīharitvā papphoṭetvā gandhakuṭiṃ sammajjitvā milātamālākacavaraṃP1.9 chaḍḍetvā mañcapīṭhaṃ atiharitvā puna yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā bhagavato ṭhitakāle karaṇīyaṃ vattaṃ sabbamakāsi .

Atha thero bhagavato parinibbānato pabhuti ṭhānanisajjabahulattā ussannadhātukaṃ kāyaṃ samassāsetuṃ dutiyadivase khīravirecanaṃ pivitvā vihāreyeva nisīdi .

Yaṃ sandhāya subhena māṇavena pahitaṃ māṇavakaṃ etadavoca –

‘‘ Akālo kho , māṇavaka , atthi me ajja bhesajjamattā pītā , appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāmā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.447).

Dutiyadivase cetakattherena pacchāsamaṇena gantvā subhena māṇavena puṭṭho dīghanikāye subhasuttaṃ nāma dasamaṃ suttamabhāsi .

Atha thero jetavanavihāre khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ kārāpetvā upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya rājagahaṃ gato .

Tathā mahākassapatthero anuruddhatthero ca sabbaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā rājagahameva gato .

Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe aṭṭhārasa mahāvihārā honti .

Te sabbepi chaḍḍitapatitauklāpā ahesuṃ .

Bhagavato hi parinibbāne sabbe bhikkhū attano attano pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā vihāre ca pariveṇe ca chaḍḍetvā agamaṃsu .

Tattha therā bhagavato vacanapūjanatthaṃ titthiyavādaparimocanatthañca ‘‘ paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karomā ’’ ti cintesuṃ .

Titthiyā hi evaṃ vadeyyuṃ –

‘‘ samaṇassa gotamassa sāvakā satthari ṭhiteyeva vihāre paṭijaggiṃsu , parinibbute chaḍḍesun ’’ ti .

Tesaṃ vādaparimocanatthañca cintesunti vuttaṃ hoti .

VuttampiP1.10 hetaṃ –

‘‘ AthaM1.9 kho therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi –

‘ bhagavatā kho , āvuso , khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃV1.9 vaṇṇitaṃ .

Handa mayaṃ , āvuso , paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ khaṇḍaphullappaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ karoma , majjhimaṃ māsaṃ sannipatitvā dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyissāmā ’’ ti ( cūḷava .438).

Te dutiyadivase gantvā rājadvāre aṭṭhaṃsu .

Ajātasattu rājā āgantvā vanditvā ‘‘ kiṃ , bhante , āgatatthā ’’ ti attanā kattabbakiccaṃ paṭipucchi .

Therā aṭṭhārasa mahāvihārapaṭisaṅkharaṇatthāya hatthakammaṃ paṭivedesuṃ .

‘‘ Sādhu , bhante ’’ ti rājā hatthakammakārake manusse adāsi .

Therā paṭhamaṃ māsaṃ sabbavihāre paṭisaṅkharāpetvā rañño ārocesuṃ –

‘‘ niṭṭhitaṃ , mahārāja , vihārapaṭisaṅkharaṇaṃ .

Idāni dhammavinayasaṅgahaṃ karomā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Sādhu , bhante , vissatthā karotha .

Mayhaṃ āṇācakkaṃ , tumhākaṃ dhammacakkaṃ hotu .

Āṇāpetha , bhante , kiṃ karomī ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Saṅgahaṃ karontānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sannisajjaṭṭhānaṃ , mahārājā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kattha karomi , bhante ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Vebhārapabbatapasse sattapaṇṇiguhādvāre kātuṃ yuttaṃ , mahārājā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Sādhu , bhante ’’ ti kho rājā ajātasattu vissakammunā nimmitasadisaṃ suvibhattabhittitthambhasopānaṃ nānāvidhamālākammalataākammavicittaṃ abhibhavantamiva rājabhavanavibhūtiṃ avahasantamiva devavimānasiriṃ siriyā niketamiva ekanipātatitthamiva ca devamanussanayanavihaṅgānaṃ lokarāmaṇeyyakamiva sampiṇḍitaṃ daṭṭhabbasāramaṇḍaṃ maṇḍapaṃ kārāpetvā vividhakusumadāma-olambaka-viniggalantacāruvitānaṃP1.11 ratanavicittamaṇikoṭṭimatalamiva ca naṃ nānāpupphūpahāravicittasupariniṭṭhitabhūmikammaṃ brahmavimānasadisaṃ alaṅkaritvā tasmiṃ mahāmaṇḍape pañcasatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anagghāni pañca kappiyapaccattharaṇasatāni paññāpetvā dakkhiṇabhāgaṃ nissāya uttarābhimukhaṃ therāsanaṃ maṇḍapamajjhe puratthābhimukhaṃ buddhassa bhagavato āsanārahaṃ dhammāsanaṃ paññāpetvā dantakhacitaṃ bījaniñcettha ṭhapetvā bhikkhusaṅghassa ārocāpesi –

‘‘ niṭṭhitaṃ , bhante , mama kiccan ’’ ti .

Tasmiṃ kho pana samaye ekacce bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sandhāya evamāhaṃsu –

‘‘ imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe eko bhikkhu vissagandhaṃ vāyanto vicaratī ’’ ti .

Thero taṃ sutvā ‘‘ imasmiṃ bhikkhusaṅghe añño vissagandhaṃ vāyantoM1.10 vicaraṇakabhikkhu nāma natthi , addhā ete maṃ sandhāya vadantī ’’ ti saṃvegaṃ āpajji .

Ekacce bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āhaṃsu –

‘‘ sve , āvuso , sannipāto tvañca sekkho sakaraṇīyo , tena te na yuttaṃ sannipātaṃ gantuṃ , appamatto hohī ’’ ti .

Atha kho āyasmā ānando –

‘‘ sve sannipāto , na kho pana metaṃ patirūpaṃ yvāhaṃ sekkhoV1.10 samāno sannipātaṃ gaccheyyan ’’ ti bahudeva rattiṃ kāyagatāyasatiyā vītināmetvā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ caṅkamā orohitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā ‘‘ nipajjissāmī ’’ ti kāyaṃ āvajjesi .

Dve pādā bhūmito muttā , appattañca sīsaṃ bimbohanaṃ , etasmiṃ antare anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci .

Ayañhi āyasmā caṅkamenaP1.12 bahi vītināmetvā visesaṃ nibbattetuṃ asakkonto cintesi –

‘‘ nanu maṃ bhagavā etadavoca –

‘ katapuññosi tvaṃ , ānanda , padhānamanuyuñja ;

khippaṃ hohisi anāsavo ’ ti ( dī . ni .2.207).

Buddhānañca kathādoso nāma natthi .

Mama accāraddhaṃ vīriyaṃ tena me cittaṃ uddhaccāya saṃvattati .

Handāhaṃ vīriyasamathaṃ yojemī ’’ ti caṅkamā orohitvā pādadhovanaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā pāde dhovitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā mañcake nisīditvā ‘‘ thokaṃ vissamissāmī ’’ ti kāyaṃ mañcake upanāmesi .

Dve pādā bhūmito muttā , sīsañca bimbohanaṃ asampattaṃ .

Etasmiṃ antare anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ , catuiriyāpathavirahitaṃ therassa arahattaṃ ahosi .

Tena imasmiṃ sāsane anipanno anisinno aṭṭhito acaṅkamanto ‘‘ ko bhikkhu arahattaṃ patto ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ ānandatthero ’’ ti vattuṃ vaṭṭati .

Atha kho therā bhikkhū dutiyadivase katabhattakiccā pattacīvaraṃ paṭisāmetvā dhammasabhāyaṃ sannipatitā .

Ānandatthero pana attano arahattappattiṃ ñāpetukāmo bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ na gato .

Bhikkhū yathāvuḍḍhaṃ attano attano pattāsane nisīdantā ānandattherassa āsanaṃ ṭhapetvā nisinnā .

Tattha kehici ‘‘ etamāsanaṃ kassā ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ ānandattherassā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Ānando pana kuhiṃ gato ’’ ti ?

Tasmiṃ samaye thero cintesi –

‘‘ idāni mayhaṃ gamanakālo ’’ ti .

Tato attano ānubhāvaṃP1.13 dassento pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā attano āsaneyeva attānaṃ dassesi .

Ākāsenāgantvā nisīdītipi eke .

EvaṃM1.11 nisinne tasmiṃ āyasmante mahākassapatthero bhikkhū āmantesi –

‘‘ āvuso , kiṃ paṭhamaṃ saṅgāyāma , dhammaṃ vā vinayaṃ vā ’’ ti ?

Bhikkhū āhaṃsu –

‘‘ bhante mahākassapa , vinayo nāma buddhasāsanassa āyu , vinaye ṭhite sāsanaṃ ṭhitaṃ hoti ;

tasmā paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ saṅgāyāmā ’’ ti ,.

‘‘ Kaṃ dhuraṃ katvā ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Āyasmantaṃ upālin ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kiṃ ānando nappahotī ’’ ti ?

‘‘ No nappahoti ;

api ca kho pana sammāsambuddho dharamānoyeva vinayapariyattiṃ nissāya āyasmantaṃ upāliṃ etadagge ṭhapesi –

‘ etadaggaṃ , bhikkhave , mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vinayadharānaṃ yadidaṃ upālī ’ ti ( a . ni .1.219,228).

Tasmā upālittheraṃV1.11 pucchitvā vinayaṃ saṅgāyāmā ’’ ti .

Tato thero vinayaṃ pucchanatthāya attanāva attānaṃ sammanni .

Upālittheropi vissajjanatthāya sammanni .

Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi –

‘‘ Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –

‘‘ Suṇātu me , āvuso , saṅgho .

Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ , ahaṃ upāliṃ vinayaṃ puccheyyan ’ ti .

‘‘ Āyasmāpi upāli saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –

‘‘ Suṇātu me , bhante , saṅgho .

Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ , ahaṃ āyasmatā mahākassapena vinayaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyyan ’’ ti .

Evaṃ attanāva attānaṃ sammannitvā āyasmā upāli uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīdi , dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā .

Tato āyasmā mahākassapo therāsane nisīditvā āyasmantaṃ upāliṃ vinayaṃ pucchi –

‘‘ paṭhamaṃ , āvuso upāli , pārājikaṃ kattha paññattan ’’ tiP1.14 ?

‘‘ Vesāliyaṃ , bhante ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kaṃ ārabbhā ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Sudinnaṃ kalandaputtaṃ ārabbhā ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kismiṃ vatthusmin ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Methunadhamme ’’ ti .

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ upāliṃ paṭhamassa pārājikassa vatthumpi pucchi , nidānampi pucchi , puggalampi pucchi , paññattimpi pucchi , anupaññattimpi pucchi , āpattimpi pucchi , anāpattimpi pucchi ;

yathā ca paṭhamassa tathā dutiyassa tathā tatiyassa tathā catutthassa pārājikassa vatthumpi pucchi … pe … anāpattimpi pucchi .

Puṭṭho puṭṭho upālitthero vissajjesi .

TatoM1.12 imāni cattāri pārājikāni ‘‘ pārājikakaṇḍaṃ nāma idan ’’ ti saṅgahaṃ āropetvā ṭhapesuṃ .

Terasa saṅghādisesāni ‘‘ terasakan ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Dve sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ aniyatānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Tiṃsa sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ nissaggiyapācittiyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Dvenavuti sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ pācittiyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Cattāri sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ pāṭidesanīyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Pañcasattati sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ sekhiyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Satta dhamme ‘‘ adhikaraṇasamathā ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

EvaṃV1.12 mahāvibhaṅgaṃ saṅgahaṃ āropetvā bhikkhunīvibhaṅge aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ pārājikakaṇḍaṃ nāma idan ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Sattarasa sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ sattarasakan ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Tiṃsa sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ nissaggiyapācittiyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Chasaṭṭhisatasikkhāpadāni ‘‘ pācittiyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Aṭṭha sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ pāṭidesanīyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Pañcasattati sikkhāpadāni ‘‘ sekhiyānī ’’ ti ṭhapesuṃ .

Satta dhamme ‘‘ adhikaraṇasamathā ’’ tiP1.15 ṭhapesuṃ .

Evaṃ bhikkhunīvibhaṅgaṃ saṅgahaṃ āropetvā eteneva upāyena khandhakaparivārepi āropesuṃ .

Evametaṃ saubhatovibhaṅgakhandhakaparivāraṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṅgahamārūḷhaṃ sabbaṃ mahākassapatthero pucchi , upālitthero vissajjesi .

Pucchāvissajjanapariyosāne pañca arahantasatāni saṅgahaṃ āropitanayeneva gaṇasajjhāyamakaṃsu .

Vinayasaṅgahāvasāne upālitthero dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ nikkhipitvā dhammāsanā orohitvā vuḍḍhe bhikkhū vanditvā attano pattāsane nisīdi .

Vinayaṃ saṅgāyitvā dhammaṃ saṅgāyitukāmo āyasmā mahākassapo bhikkhū pucchi –

‘‘ dhammaṃ saṅgāyantehi kaṃ puggalaṃ dhuraṃ katvā dhammo saṅgāyitabbo ’’ ti ?

Bhikkhū ‘‘ ānandattheraṃ dhuraṃ katvā ’’ ti āhaṃsu .

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –

‘‘ Suṇātu me , āvuso , saṅgho .

Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ , ahaṃ ānandaṃ dhammaṃ puccheyyan ’’ ti .

Atha kho āyasmā ānando saṅghaṃ ñāpesi –

‘‘ Suṇātu me , bhante , saṅgho yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ , ahaṃ āyasmatā mahākassapena dhammaṃ puṭṭho vissajjeyyan ’’ ti .

AthaM1.13 kho āyasmā ānando uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā there bhikkhū vanditvā dhammāsane nisīdi dantakhacitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā .

Atha mahākassapatthero ānandattheraṃ dhammaṃ pucchi –

‘‘ brahmajālaṃ , āvuso ānanda , kattha bhāsitan ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Antarā ca , bhante , rājagahaṃP1.16 antarā ca nāḷandaṃ rājāgārake ambalaṭṭhikāyan ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kaṃ ārabbhā ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Suppiyañca paribbājakaṃ , brahmadattañca māṇavan ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kismiṃ vatthusmin ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Vaṇṇāvaṇṇe ’’ ti .

Atha khoV1.13 āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ brahmajālassa nidānampi pucchi , puggalampi pucchi , vatthumpi pucchi .

‘‘ Sāmaññaphalaṃ panāvuso ānanda , kattha bhāsitan ’’ ti ?

‘ Rājagahe , bhante , jīvakambavane ’’ ti .

‘‘ Kena saddhin ’’ ti ?

‘‘ Ajātasattunā vedehiputtena saddhin ’’ ti .

Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ sāmaññaphalassa nidānampi pucchi , puggalampi pucchi .

Eteneva upāyena pañca nikāye pucchi .

Pañcanikāyā nāma – dīghanikāyo , majjhimanikāyo , saṃyuttanikāyo , aṅguttaranikāyo , khuddakanikāyoti .

Tattha khuddakanikāyo nāma – cattāro nikāye ṭhapetvā , avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ .

Tattha vinayo āyasmatā upālittherena vissajjito , sesakhuddakanikāyo cattāro ca nikāyā ānandattherena .

Tadetaṃ sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ , dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ , paṭhamamajjhimapacchimavasena tividhaṃ ;

tathā piṭakavasena , nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ , aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ , dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsītisahassavidhanti veditabbaṃ .

Kathaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ ?

Yañhi bhagavatā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhitvā yāva anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati , etthantare pañcacattālīsavassāni devamanussanāgayakkhādayo anusāsantena paccavekkhantena vā vuttaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ ekarasaṃ vimuttirasameva hoti .

Evaṃ rasavasena ekavidhaṃ .

KathaṃP1.17 dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ ?

Sabbameva cetaṃ dhammo ceva vinayo cāti saṅkhyaṃ gacchati .

Tattha vinayapiṭakaṃ vinayo , avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ dhammo ;

tenevāha –

‘‘ yaṃnūna mayaṃ , āvuso , dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyeyyāmā ’’ ti .

‘‘ AhaṃM1.14 upāliṃ vinayaṃ puccheyyaṃ , ānandaṃ dhammaṃ puccheyyan ’’ ti ca evaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ .

Kathaṃ paṭhamamajjhimapacchimavasena tividhaṃ ?

Sabbameva hidaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ , majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ , pacchimabuddhavacananti tippabhedaṃ hoti .

Tattha –

‘‘ Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ , sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ ;

Gahakāraṃ gavesanto , dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ .

‘‘ GahakārakaV1.14 diṭṭhosi , puna gehaṃ na kāhasi ;

Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā , gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ ;

Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ , taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā ’’ ti .( dha . pa .153-154);

Idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ .

Keci ‘‘ yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā ’’ ti khandhake udānagāthaṃ āhu .

Esā pana pāṭipadadivase sabbaññubhāvappattassa somanassamayañāṇena paccayākāraṃ paccavekkhantassa uppannā udānagāthāti veditabbā .

Yaṃ pana parinibbānakāle abhāsi –

‘‘ handa dāni , bhikkhave , āmantayāmi vo , vayadhammā saṅkhārā , appamādena sampādethā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.218) idaṃ pacchimabuddhavacanaṃ .

Ubhinnamantare yaṃ vuttaṃ etaṃ majjhimabuddhavacanan ti .

Evaṃ paṭhamamajjhimapacchimavasena tividhaṃ .

KathaṃP1.18 piṭakavasena tividhaṃ ?

Sabbampi hetaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakanti tippabhedameva hoti .

Tattha paṭhamasaṅgītiyaṃ saṅgītañca asaṅgītañca sabbampi samodhānetvā ubhayāni pātimokkhāni , dve vibhaṅgāni , dvāvīsati khandhakāni , soḷasaparivārāti idaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ nāma .

Brahmajālādi catuttiṃsasuttasaṅgaho dīghanikāyo , mūlapariyāyasuttādi diyaḍḍhasatadvesuttasaṅgaho majjhimanikāyo , oghataraṇasuttādi sattasuttasahassa sattasata dvāsaṭṭhisuttasaṅgaho saṃyuttanikāyo , cittapariyādānasuttādi navasuttasahassa pañcasata sattapaññāsasuttasaṅgaho aṅguttaranikāyo , khuddakapāṭha-dhammapada-udāna-itivuttaka-suttanipāta-vimānavatthu-petavatthu-theragāthā-therīgāthā-jātakaniddesa-paṭisambhidā-apadāna-buddhavaṃsa-cariyāpiṭakavasenaM1.15 pannarasappabhedo khuddakanikāyoti idaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ nāma .

Dhammasaṅgaho , vibhaṅgo , dhātukathā , puggalapaññatti , kathāvatthu , yamakaṃ , paṭṭhānanti idaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāma .

Tattha –

VividhavisesanayattāV1.15 , vinayanato ceva kāyavācānaṃ ;

Vinayatthavidūhi ayaṃ , vinayo vinayoti akkhāto .

Vividhā hi ettha pañcavidha pātimokkhuddesa pārājikādi sattaāpattikkhandhamātikā vibhaṅgādippabhedā nayā , visesabhūtā ca daḷhīkammasithilakaraṇappayojanā anupaññattinayāP1.19 , kāyikavācasikaajjhācāranisedhanato cesa kāyaṃ vācañca vineti , tasmā vividhanayattā visesanayattā kāyavācānañca vinayanato ‘‘ vinayo ’’ ti akkhāto .

Tenetametassa vacanatthakosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘ Vividhavisesanayattā , vinayanato ceva kāyavācānaṃ ;

Vinayatthavidūhi ayaṃ , vinayo vinayoti akkhāto ’’ ti .

Itaraṃ pana –

Atthānaṃ sūcanato , suvuttato savanatotha sūdanato ;

Suttāṇā suttasabhāgato ca , suttanti akkhātaṃ .

Tañhi attatthaparatthādibhede atthe sūceti , suvuttā cettha atthā veneyyajjhāsayānulomena vuttattā .

Savati cetaṃ atthe sassamiva phalaṃ pasavatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Sūdati cetaṃ dhenuviya khīraṃ , paggharatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Suṭṭhu ca ne tāyati rakkhatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Suttasabhāgañcetaṃ , yathā hi tacchakānaṃ suttaṃ pamāṇaṃ hoti ;

evametampi viññūnaṃ .

Yathā ca suttena saṅgahitāni pupphāni na vikiriyanti na viddhaṃsiyanti ;

evametena saṅgahitā atthā .

Tenetametassa vacanatthakosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘ Atthānaṃ sūcanato , suvuttato savanatotha sūdanato ;

Suttāṇā suttasabhāgato ca , suttanti akkhātan ’’ ti .

ItaroP1.20M1.16 pana –

Yaṃ ettha vuḍḍhimanto , salakkhaṇā pūjitā paricchinnā ;

Vuttādhikā ca dhammā , abhidhammo tena akkhāto .

AyañhiV1.16 abhisaddo vuḍḍhilakkhaṇapūjitaparicchinnādhikesu dissati .

Tathāhesa –

‘‘ bāḷhā me āvuso dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamantī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.389; saṃ . ni .5.195) vuḍḍhiyaṃ āgato .

‘‘ Yā tā rattiyo abhiññātā abhilakkhitā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.49) lakkhaṇe .

‘‘ Rājābhirājā manujindo ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.399; su . ni .558) pūjite .

‘‘ Paṭibalo vinetuṃ abhidhamme abhivinaye ’’ tiādīsu ( mahāva .85) paricchinne .

Aññamaññasaṅkaravirahite dhamme ca vinaye cāti vuttaṃ hoti .

‘‘ Abhikkantena vaṇṇenā ’’ tiādīsu ( vi . va .75) adhike .

Ettha ca ‘‘ rūpūpapattiyā maggaṃ bhāveti , mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī ’’ tiādinā ( dha . sa .160 ādayo ) nayena vuḍḍhimantopi dhammā vuttā .

‘‘ Rūpārammaṇaṃ vā saddārammaṇaṃ vā ’’ tiādinā nayena ārammaṇādīhi lakkhaṇīyattā salakkhaṇāpi .

‘‘ Sekkhā dhammā , asekkhā dhammā , lokuttarā dhammā ’’ tiādinā nayena pūjitāpi pūjārahāti adhippāyo .

‘‘ Phasso hoti vedanā hotī ’’ tiādinā nayena sabhāvaparicchinnattā paricchinnāpi .

‘‘ Mahaggatā dhammā , appamāṇā dhammā , anuttarā dhammā ’’ tiādinā nayena adhikāpi dhammā vuttā .

Tenetametassa vacanatthakosallatthaṃ vuttaṃ –

‘‘ Yaṃ ettha vuḍḍhimanto , salakkhaṇā pūjitā paricchinnā ;

Vuttādhikā ca dhammā , abhidhammo tena akkhāto ’’ ti .

Yaṃ panettha avisiṭṭhaṃ , taṃ –

Piṭakaṃ piṭakatthavidū , pariyattibbhājanatthato āhu ;

Tena samodhānetvā , tayopi vinayādayo ñeyyā .

PariyattipiP1.21M1.17 hi ‘‘ mā piṭakasampadānenā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) piṭakanti vuccati .

‘‘ Atha puriso āgaccheyya kudālapiṭakaṃ ādāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.228; a . ni .3.70) yaṃ kiñci bhājanampi .

Tasmā piṭakaṃ piṭakatthavidū , pariyattibbhājanatthato āhu .

Idāni tena samodhānetvā tayopi vinayādayo ñeyyāti .

Tena evaṃ duvidhatthena piṭakasaddena sahaV1.17 samāsaṃ katvā vinayo ca so piṭakañca pariyattibhāvato tassa tassa atthassa bhājanato cāti vinayapiṭakaṃ , yathāvutteneva nayena suttantañca taṃ piṭakañcāti suttantapiṭakaṃ , abhidhammo ca so piṭakañcāti abhidhammapiṭakanti evamete tayopi vinayādayo ñeyyā .

Evaṃ ñatvā ca punapi tesveva piṭakesu nānappakārakosallatthaṃ –

Desanāsāsanakathā , bhedaṃ tesu yathārahaṃ ;

Sikkhāpahānagambhīra , bhāvañca paridīpaye .

Pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiṃ , vipattiṃ cāpi yaṃ yahiṃ ;

Pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu , tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvaye .

Tatrāyaṃ paridīpanā vibhāvanā ca , etāni hi tīṇi piṭakāni yathākkamaṃ āṇā vohāra paramatthadesanā yathāparādha-yathānuloma-yathādhammasāsanāni , saṃvarāsaṃvaradiṭṭhiviniveṭhanāmarūpaparicchedakathāti ca vuccanti .

Ettha hi vinayapiṭakaṃ āṇārahena bhagavatā āṇābāhullato desitattā āṇādesanā , suttantapiṭakaṃ vohārakusalena bhagavatā vohārabāhullato desitattā vohāradesanā , abhidhammapiṭakaṃ paramatthakusalena bhagavatā paramatthabāhullato desitattā paramatthadesanāti vuccati .

TathāP1.22 paṭhamaṃ ye te pacurāparādhā sattā te yathāparādhaṃ ettha sāsitāti yathāparādhasāsanaṃ , dutiyaṃ anekajjhāsayānusayacariyādhimuttikā sattā yathānulomaṃ ettha sāsitāti yathānulomasāsanaṃ , tatiyaṃ dhammapuñjamatte ‘‘ ahaṃ mamā ’’ ti saññino sattā yathādhammaṃ ettha sāsitāti yathādhammasāsanan ti vuccati .

TathāM1.18 paṭhamaṃ ajjhācārapaṭipakkhabhūto saṃvarāsaṃvaro ettha kathitoti saṃvarāsaṃvarakathā , dutiyaṃ dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhipaṭipakkhabhūtā diṭṭhiviniveṭhanā ettha kathitāti diṭṭhiviniveṭhanakathā , tatiyaṃ rāgādipaṭipakkhabhūto nāmarūpaparicchedo ettha kathitoti nāmarūpaparicchedakathāti vuccati .

Tīsupi ca cetesu tisso sikkhā , tīṇi pahānāni , catubbidho ca gambhīrabhāvo veditabboV1.18 .

Tathā hi – vinayapiṭake visesena adhisīlasikkhā vuttā , suttantapiṭake adhicittasikkhā , abhidhammapiṭake adhipaññāsikkhā .

Vinayapiṭake ca vītikkamappahānaṃ kilesānaṃ , vītikkamapaṭipakkhattā sīlassa .

Suttantapiṭake pariyuṭṭhānappahānaṃ , pariyuṭṭhānapaṭipakkhattā samādhissa .

Abhidhammapiṭake anusayappahānaṃ anusayapaṭipakkhattā paññāya .

Paṭhame ca tadaṅgappahānaṃ kilesānaṃ , itaresu vikkhambhanasamucchedappahānāni .

Paṭhame ca duccaritasaṃkilesassa pahānaṃ , itaresu taṇhādiṭṭhisaṃkilesānaṃ .

Ekamekasmiñcettha catubbidhopi dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīrabhāvo veditabbo .

Tattha dhammoti pāḷi .

Atthoti tassāyevattho .

Desanāti tassā manasāvavatthāpitāya pāḷiyā desanā .

Paṭivedhoti pāḷiyā pāḷiatthassa ca yathābhūtāvabodho .

Tīsupi cetesu ete dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhāP1.23 yasmā sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo mandabuddhīhi dukkhogāhā alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhā ca , tasmā gambhīrā .

Evaṃ ekamekasmiṃ ettha catubbidhopi gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo .

Aparo nayo – dhammoti hetu .

Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –

‘‘ hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā ’’ ti .

Atthoti hetuphalaṃ .

Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –

‘‘ hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā ’’ ti .

Desanāti paññatti , yathādhammaṃ dhammābhilāpoti adhippāyo .

Paṭivedhoti abhisamayo , so ca lokiyalokuttaro visayato asammohato ca atthānurūpaṃ dhammesu , dhammānurūpaṃ atthesu , paññattipathānurūpaṃ paññattīsu avabodho .

Idāni yasmā etesu piṭakesu yaṃ yaṃ dhammajātaṃ vā atthajātaṃ vā , yā cāyaṃ yathā yathā ñāpetabbo attho sotūnaṃ ñāṇassa abhimukho hoti , tathā tathā tadatthajotikā desanā , yo cetthaM1.19 aviparītāvabodhasaṅkhāto paṭivedho sabbametaṃ anupacitakusalasambhārehi duppaññehi sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo dukkhogāhaṃ alabbhaneyyapatiṭṭhañca , tasmā gambhīraṃ .

Evampi ekamekasmiṃ ettha catubbidhopi gambhīrabhāvo veditabbo .

EttāvatāP1.24 ca –

‘‘ Desanā-sāsanakathāV1.19 , bhedaṃ tesu yathārahaṃ ;

Sikkhāpahānagambhīrabhāvañca paridīpaye ’’ ti .

Ayaṃ gāthā vuttatthā hoti .

‘‘ Pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiṃ , vipattiñcāpi yaṃ yahiṃ ;

Pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu , tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvaye ’’ ti .

Ettha pana tīsu piṭakesu tividho pariyattibhedo daṭṭhabbo .

Tisso hi pariyattiyo – alagaddūpamā , nissaraṇatthā , bhaṇḍāgārikapariyattīti .

Tattha yā duggahitā upārambhādihetu pariyāpuṭā , ayaṃ alagaddūpamā .

Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘ seyyathāpi , bhikkhave , puriso alagaddatthiko alagaddagavesī alagaddapariyesanaṃ caramāno , so passeyya mahantaṃ alagaddaṃ .

Tamenaṃ bhoge vā naṅguṭṭhe vā gaṇheyya .

Tassa so alagaddo paṭiparivattitvā hatthe vā bāhāya vā aññatarasmiṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅge ḍaṃseyya .

So tatonidānaṃ maraṇaṃ vā nigaccheyya , maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ .

Taṃ kissa hetu ?

Duggahitattā , bhikkhave , alagaddassa .

Evameva kho , bhikkhave , idhekacce moghapurisā dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti suttaṃ … pe … vedallaṃ .

Te taṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ paññāya atthaṃ na upaparikkhanti .

Tesaṃ te dhammā paññāya atthaṃ anupaparikkhataṃ na nijjhānaṃ khamanti .

Te upārambhānisaṃsā ceva dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti itivādappamokkhānisaṃsā ca .

Yassa catthāya dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti , tañcassa atthaṃ nānubhonti .

Tesaṃ te dhammā duggahitā dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti .

Taṃ kissa hetu ?

Duggahitattā , bhikkhave , dhammānan ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.238).

YāP1.25M1.20 pana suggahitā sīlakkhandhādipāripūriṃyeva ākaṅkhamānena pariyāpuṭā na upārambhādi hetu , ayaṃ nissaraṇatthā .

Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘ tesaṃ te dhammā suggahitā dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattanti .

Taṃ kissa hetu ?

Suggahitattā , bhikkhave , dhammānan ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.239).

Yaṃ pana pariññātakkhandho pahīnakileso bhāvitamaggo paṭividdhākuppo sacchikatanirodho khīṇāsavoV1.20 kevalaṃ paveṇīpālanatthāya vaṃsānurakkhaṇatthāya pariyāpuṇāti , ayaṃ bhaṇḍāgārikapaayattīti .

Vinaye pana suppaṭipanno bhikkhu sīlasampattiṃ nissāya tisso vijjā pāpuṇāti , tāsaṃyeva ca tattha pabhedavacanato .

Sutte suppaṭipanno samādhisampadaṃ nissāya cha abhiññā pāpuṇāti , tāsaṃyeva ca tattha pabhedavacanato .

Abhidhamme suppaṭipanno paññāsampadaṃ nissāya catasso paṭisambhidā pāpuṇāti , tāsañca tattheva pabhedavacanato .

Evametesu suppaṭipanno yathākkamena imaṃ vijjāttayachaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidābhedaṃ sampattiṃ pāpuṇāti .

Vinaye pana duppaṭipanno anuññātasukhasamphassaattharaṇapāvuraṇādiphassasāmaññato paṭikkhittesu upādinnaphassādīsu anavajjasaññī hoti .

Vuttampi hetaṃ –

‘‘ tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi , yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā , te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyā ’’ ti ( pāci .417; ma . ni .1.234) tato dussīlabhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti .

SutteP1.26 duppaṭipanno ‘‘ cattārome , bhikkhave , puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.5) adhippāyaṃ ajānanto duggahitaṃ gaṇhāti .

Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ –

‘‘ attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhati , attānañca khanati , bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavatī ’’ ti ( pāci .417; ma . ni .1.236) tato micchādiṭṭhitaṃ pāpuṇāti .

Abhidhamme duppaṭipanno dhammacintaṃ atidhāvanto acinteyyānipi cinteti , tato cittakkhepaṃ pāpuṇāti .

Vuttaṃ hetaṃ –

‘‘ cattārimāni , bhikkhave , acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni , yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.77).

Evametesu duppaṭipanno yathākkamena imaṃ dussīlabhāvamicchādiṭṭhitā cittakkhepabhedaṃ vipattiṃ pāpuṇātīti .

EttāvatāM1.21 ca –

‘‘ Pariyattibhedaṃ sampattiṃ , vipattiṃ cāpi yaṃ yahiṃ ;

Pāpuṇāti yathā bhikkhu , tampi sabbaṃ vibhāvaye ’’ ti .

Ayampi gāthā vuttatthā hoti .

Evaṃ nānappakārato piṭakāni ñatvā tesaṃ vasenetaṃ buddhavacanaṃ tividhanti ñātabbaṃ .

KathaṃV1.21 nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ ?

Sabbameva cetaṃ dīghanikāyo , majjhimanikāyo , saṃyuttanikāyo , aṅguttaranikāyo , khuddakanikāyoti pañcappabhedaṃ hoti .

Tattha katamo dīghanikāyo ?

Tivaggasaṅgahāni brahmajālādīni catuttiṃsa suttāni .

Catuttiṃseva suttantā , tivaggo yassa saṅgaho ;

Esa dīghanikāyoti , paṭhamo anulomiko .

Kasmā panesa dīghanikāyoti vuccati ?

Dīghappamāṇānaṃ suttānaṃ samūhato nivāsato ca , samūhanivāsā hi nikāyotiP1.27 vuccanti .

‘‘ Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave , aññaṃ ekanikāyampi samanupassāmi evaṃ cittaṃ ;

yathayidaṃ , bhikkhave , tiracchānagatā pāṇā ;

poṇikanikāyo , cikkhallikanikāyo ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.100) evamādīni cettha sādhakāni sāsanato ca lokato ca .

Evaṃ sesānampi nikāyabhāve vacanattho veditabbo .

Katamo majjhimanikāyo ?

Majjhimappamāṇāni pañcadasavaggasaṅgahāni mūlapariyāyasuttādīni diyaḍḍhasataṃ dve ca suttāni .

Diyaḍḍhasataṃ suttantā , dve ca suttāni yattha so ;

Nikāyo majjhimo pañca-dasavaggapariggaho .

Katamo saṃyuttanikāyo ?

Devatāsaṃyuttādivasena ṭhitāni oghataraṇādīni satta suttasahassāni satta ca suttasatāni dvāsaṭṭhi ca suttāni .

Satta suttasahassāni , satta suttasatāni ca ;

Dvāsaṭṭhi ceva suttantā , eso saṃyuttasaṅgaho .

KatamoM1.22 aṅguttaranikāyo ?

Ekekaaṅgātirekavasena ṭhitāni cittapariyādānādīni nava suttasahassāni pañca suttasatāni sattapaññāsañca suttāni .

Nava suttasahassāni , pañca suttasatāni ca ;

Sattapaññāsa suttāni , saṅkhyā aṅguttare ayaṃ .

KatamoV1.22 khuddakanikāyo ?

Sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ khuddakapāṭhādayo ca pubbe nidassitā pannarasabhedā ṭhapetvā cattāro nikāye avasesaṃ buddhavacananti .

ṬhapetvāP1.28 caturopete , nikāye dīghaādike ;

Tadaññaṃ buddhavacanaṃ , nikāyo khuddako matoti .

Evaṃ nikāyavasena pañcavidhaṃ .

Kathaṃ aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ ?

Sabbameva hidaṃ suttaṃ , geyyaṃ , veyyākaraṇaṃ , gāthā , udānaṃ , itivuttakaṃ , jātakaṃ , abbhutadhammaṃ , vedallanti navappabhedaṃ hoti .

Tattha ubhatovibhaṅganiddesakhandhakaparivārā suttanipāte maṅgalasutta-ratanasutta-nālakasutta-tuvaṭṭakasuttāni aññampi ca suttanāmakaṃ tathāgatavacanaṃ suttan ti veditabbaṃ .

Sabbampi sagāthakaṃ suttaṃ geyyan ti veditabbaṃ .

Visesena saṃyuttake sakalopi sagāthāvaggo , sakalaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ , niggāthakaṃ suttaṃ , yañca aññampi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi asaṅgahitaṃ buddhavacanaṃ taṃ veyyākaraṇan ti veditabbaṃ .

Dhammapadaṃ , theragāthā , therīgāthā , suttanipāte nosuttanāmikā suddhikagāthā ca gāthāti veditabbā .

Somanassañāṇamayikagāthāpaṭisaṃyuttā dvāsīti suttantā udānan ti veditabbaṃ .

‘‘ Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ’’ tiādinayappavattā dasuttarasatasuttantā itivuttakan ti veditabbaṃ .

Apaṇṇakajātakādīni paññāsādhikāni pañca jātakasatāni jātakan ti veditabbaṃ .

‘‘ Cattārome , bhikkhave , acchariyā abbhutā dhammā ānande ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.209) -ādinayappavattā sabbepi acchariyaabbhutadhammapaṭisaṃyuttā suttantā abbhutadhamman ti veditabbaṃ .

Cūḷavedalla-mahāvedalla-sammādiṭṭhi-sakkapañha-saṅkhārabhājaniya-mahāpuṇṇamasuttādayoP1.29 sabbepi vedañca tuṭṭhiñca laddhā laddhā pucchitasuttantā vedallan ti veditabbaṃ .

Evaṃ aṅgavasena navavidhaṃ .

KathaṃM1.23 dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsītisahassavidhaṃ ?

Sabbameva cetaṃ buddhavacanaṃ –

‘‘ Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ , dve sahassāni bhikkhuto ;

Caturāsīti sahassāni , ye me dhammā pavattino ’’ ti .( theragā .1027);

Evaṃ paridīpitadhammakkhandhavasena caturāsītisahassappabhedaṃ hoti .

Tattha ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ eko dhammakkhandho .

Yaṃ anekānusandhikaṃ tattha anusandhivasena dhammakkhandhagaṇanā .

Gāthābandhesu pañhāpucchanaṃV1.23 eko dhammakkhandho , vissajjanaṃ eko .

Abhidhamme ekamekaṃ tika-duka-bhājanaṃ , ekamekañca cittavārabhājanaṃ , eko dhammakkhandho .

Vinaye atthi vatthu , atthi mātikā , atthi padabhājanīyaṃ , atthi antarāpatti , atthi āpatti , atthi anāpatti , atthi paricchedo ;

tattha ekameko koṭṭhāso , ekameko dhammakkhandhoti veditabbo .

Evaṃ dhammakkhandhavasena caturāsītisahassavidhaṃ .

Evametaṃ abhedato rasavasena ekavidhaṃ , bhedato dhammavinayādivasena duvidhādibhedaṃ buddhavacanaṃ saṅgāyantena mahākassapappamukhena vasīgaṇena ‘‘ ayaṃ dhammo , ayaṃ vinayo ;

idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ , idaṃ majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ , idaṃ pacchimabuddhavacanaṃ ;

idaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ , idaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ , idaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ ;

ayaṃ dīghanikāyo … pe … ayaṃ khuddakanikāyo ;

imāni suttādīni navaṅgāni , imāni caturāsītidhammakkhandhasahassānī ’’ ti imaṃ pabhedaṃ vavatthapetvāva saṅgītaṃ .

NaP1.30 kevalañca ettakameva , aññampi uddānasaṅgaha-vaggasaṅgahapeyyālasaṅgaha-ekakanipāta-dukanipātādinipātasaṅgaha-saṃyuttasaṅgaha-paṇṇāsasaṅgahādianekavidhaṃ tīsu piṭakesu sandissamānaṃ saṅgahappabhedaṃ vavatthapetvāeva sattahi māsehi saṅgītaṃ .

Saṅgītipariyosāne cassa –

‘‘ idaṃ mahākassapattherena dasabalassa sāsanaṃ pañcavassasahassaparimāṇaṃ kālaṃ pavattanasamatthaṃ katan ’’ ti sañjātappamodā sādhukāraṃ viya dadamānā ayaṃ mahāpathavī udakapariyantaṃ katvā anekappakāraṃ kampi saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi , anekāni ca acchariyāni pāturahesunti ayaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti nāma .

Yā loke –

Satehi pañcahi katā , tena pañcasatāti ca ;

Thereheva katattā ca , therikāti pavuccatīti .

ImissāM1.24 pana paṭhamamahāsaṅgītiyā pavattamānāya vinayaṃ pucchantena āyasmatā mahākassapena ‘‘ paṭhamaṃ , āvuso upāli , pārājikaṃ kattha paññattan ’’ ti evamādivacanapariyosāne ‘‘ vatthumpi pucchi , nidānampi pucchi , puggalampi pucchī ’’ ti ettha nidāne pucchite taṃ nidānaṃ ādito pabhuti vitthāretvā yena ca paññattaṃ , yasmā ca paññattaṃ , sabbametaṃ kathetukāmena āyasmatā upālittherena vuttaṃ ‘‘ tena samayenaP1.31 buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatī ’’ ti sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ .

Evamidaṃ āyasmatā upālittherena vuttaṃ , tañca pana ‘‘ paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttan ’’ ti veditabbaṃ .

Ettāvatā ca ‘‘ idaṃ vacanaṃ kena vuttaṃ , kadā vuttan ’’ ti etesaṃ padānaṃ attho pakāsito hoti .

IdāniV1.24 kasmā vuttanti ettha vuccate , yasmā ayamāyasmatā mahākassapattherena nidānaṃ puṭṭho tasmānena taṃ nidānaṃ ādito pabhuti vitthāretuṃ vuttanti .

Evamidaṃ āyasmatā upālittherena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vadantenāpi iminā kāraṇena vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Ettāvatā ca vuttaṃ yena yadā yasmāti imesaṃ mātikāpadānaṃ attho pakāsito hoti .

Idāni dhāritaṃ yena cābhataṃ , yatthappatiṭṭhitaṃ cetametaṃ vatvā vidhiṃ tatoti etesaṃ atthappakāsanatthaṃ idaṃ vuccati .

Taṃ panetaṃ ‘‘ tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharatī ’’ ti evamādivacanapaṭimaṇḍitanidānaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ kena dhāritaṃ , kenābhataṃ , kattha patiṭṭhitanti ?

Vuccate – ādito tāva idaṃ bhagavato sammukhā āyasmatā upālittherena dhāritaṃ , tassa sammukhato aparinibbute tathāgate chaḷabhiññādibhedehi anekehi bhikkhusahassehi parinibbute tathāgate mahākassapappamukhehi dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi .

Kenābhatanti ?

Jambudīpe tāva upālittheramādiṃ katvā ācariyaparamparāya yāva tatiyasaṅgīti tāva ābhataṃ .

TatrāyaṃP1.32 ācariyaparamparā –

Upāli dāsako ceva , soṇako siggavo tathā ;

Tisso moggaliputto ca , pañcete vijitāvino .

Paramparāya vinayaṃ , dīpe jambusirivhaye ;

Acchijjamānamānesuṃ , tatiyo yāva saṅgaho .

ĀyasmāM1.25 hi upāli imaṃ vinayavaṃsaṃ vinayatantiṃ vinayapaveṇiṃ bhagavato

Sammukhā uggahetvā bahūnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ hadaye patiṭṭhāpesi .

Tassa hāyasmato santike vinayavaṃsaṃ uggahetvā vinaye pakataññutaṃ pattesu puggalesu puthujjana-sotāpanna-sakadāgāmi-anāgāmino gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā , khīṇāsavānaṃ sahassamekaṃ ahosi .

Dāsakattheropi tasseva saddhivihāriko ahosi , so upālittherassa sammukhā uggahetvā tatheva vinayaṃ vācesi .

Tassāpi āyasmato santike uggahetvā vinaye pakataññutaṃ pattā puthujjanādayo gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā , khīṇāsavānaṃ sahassameva ahosi .

Soṇakattheropi dāsakattherassa saddhivihāriko ahosi , sopi attano upajjhāyassa dāsakattherassa sammukhā uggahetvā tatheva vinayaṃ vācesi .

Tassāpi āyasmato santike uggahetvā vinaye pakataññutaṃ pattā puthujjanādayo gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā , khīṇāsavānaṃ sahassameva ahosi .

Siggavattheropi soṇakattherassa saddhivihāriko ahosi , sopi attano upajjhāyassaV1.25 soṇakattherassa santike vinayaṃ uggahetvā arahantasahassassa dhuraggāho ahosi .

Tassa panāyasmato santike uggahetvā vinaye pakataññutaṃ pattā puthujjana-sotāpannasakadāgāmi-anāgāminopi khīṇāsavāpi ettakāniP1.33 satānīti vā ettakāni sahassānīti vā aparicchinnā ahesuṃ .

Tadā kira jambudīpe atimahābhikkhusamudāyo ahosi .

Moggaliputtatissattherassa pana ānubhāvo tatiyasaṅgītiyaṃ pākaṭo bhavissati .

Evamidaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ jambudīpe tāva imāya ācariyaparamparāya yāva tatiyasaṅgīti tāva ābhatanti veditabbaṃ .

Paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā niṭṭhitā .

Dutiyasaṅgītikathā

Dutiyasaṅgīti vijānanatthaṃ pana ayamanukkamo veditabbo .

Yadā hi –

Saṅgāyitvāna saddhammaṃ , jotayitvā ca sabbadhi ;

Yāva jīvitapariyantaṃ , ṭhatvā pañcasatāpi te .

KhīṇāsavāM1.26 jutīmanto , therā kassapaādayo ;

Khīṇasnehapadīpāva , nibbāyiṃsu anālayā .

Athānukkamena gacchantesu rattindivesu vassasataparinibbute bhagavati vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṃ ‘‘ kappati siṅgīloṇakappo , kappati dvaṅgulakappo , kappati gāmantarakappo , kappati āvāsakappo , kappati anumatikappo , kappati āciṇṇakappo , kappati amathitakappo , kappati jaḷogiṃ pātuṃ , kappati adasakaṃ nisīdanaṃ , kappati jātarūparajatan ’’ ti imāni dasa vatthūni dīpesuṃ .

Tesaṃ susunāgaputto kāḷāsoko nāma rājā pakkho ahosi .

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vajjīsu cārikaṃ caramāno ‘‘ vesālikā kira vajjiputtakā bhikkhū vesāliyaṃ dasa vatthūni dīpentī ’’ ti sutvā ‘‘ na kho panetaṃ patirūpaṃ yvāhaṃ dasabalassa sāsanavipattiṃ sutvā appossukko bhaveyyaṃ .

Handāhaṃ adhammavādinoV1.26 niggahetvā dhammaṃP1.34 dīpemī ’’ ti cintento yena vesālī tadavasari .

Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā yaso kākaṇḍakaputto vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ .

Tena kho pana samayena vesālikā vajjiputtakā bhikkhū tadahuposathe kaṃsapātiṃ udakena pūretvā majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa ṭhapetvā āgatāgate vesālike upāsake evaṃ vadanti –

‘‘ dethāvuso , saṅghassa kahāpaṇampi aḍḍhampi pādampi māsakarūpampi , bhavissati saṅghassa parikkhārena karaṇīyan ’’ ti sabbaṃ tāva vattabbaṃ , yāva ‘‘ imāya pana vinayasaṅgītiyā satta bhikkhusatāni anūnāni anadhikāni ahesuṃ , tasmā ayaṃ dutiyasaṅgīti sattasatikāti vuccatī ’’ ti .

Evaṃ tasmiñca sannipāte dvādasa bhikkhusatasahassāni sannipatiṃsu āyasmatā yasena samussāhitā .

Tesaṃ majjhe āyasmatā revatena puṭṭhena sabbakāmittherena vinayaṃ vissajjentena tāni dasa vatthūni vinicchitāni , adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasamitaṃ .

Atha therā ‘‘ puna dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyissāmā ’’ ti tipiṭakadhare pattapaṭisambhide sattasate bhikkhū uccinitvā vesāliyaṃM1.27 vālikārāme sannipatitvā mahākassapattherena saṅgāyitasadisameva sabbaṃ sāsanamalaṃ sodhetvā puna piṭakavasena nikāyavasena aṅgavasena dhammakkhandhavasena ca sabbaṃ dhammañca vinayañca saṅgāyiṃsu .

Ayaṃ saṅgīti aṭṭhahi māsehi niṭṭhitā .

Yā loke –

Satehi sattahi katā , tena sattasatāti ca ;

Pubbe kataṃ upādāya , dutiyāti ca vuccatīti .

Sā panāyaṃ –

Yehi therehi saṅgītā , saṅgīti tesu vissutā ;

Sabbakāmī ca sāḷho ca , revato khujjasobhito .

YasoP1.35 ca sāṇasambhūto , ete saddhivihārikā ;

Therā ānandatherassa , diṭṭhapubbā tathāgataṃ .

Sumano vāsabhagāmī ca , ñeyyā saddhivihārikā ;

Dve ime anuruddhassa , diṭṭhapubbā tathāgataṃ .

DutiyoV1.27 pana saṅgīto , yehi therehi saṅgaho ;

Sabbepi pannabhārā te , katakiccā anāsavāti .

Ayaṃ dutiyasaṅgīti .

Evamimaṃ dutiyasaṅgītiṃ saṅgāyitvā therā ‘‘ uppajjissati nu kho anāgatepi sāsanassa evarūpaṃ abbudan ’’ ti olokayamānā imaṃ addasaṃsu –

‘‘ ito vassasatassa upari aṭṭhārasame vasse pāṭaliputte dhammāsoko nāma rājā uppajjitvā sakalajambudīpe rajjaṃ kāressati .

So buddhasāsane pasīditvā mahantaṃ lābhasakkāraṃ pavattayissati .

Tato titthiyā lābhasakkāraṃ patthayamānā sāsane pabbajitvā sakaṃ sakaṃ diṭṭhiṃ paridīpessanti .

Evaṃ sāsane mahantaṃ abbudaṃ uppajjissatī ’’ ti .

Atha nesaṃ etadahosi –

‘‘ kinnu kho mayaṃ etasmiṃ abbude uppanne sammukhā bhavissāma , na bhavissāmā ’’ ti .

Atha te sabbeva tadā attano asammukhabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘ ko nu kho taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ samattho bhavissatī ’’ ti sakalaṃ manussalokaṃ chakāmāvacaradevalokañca olokentā na kañci disvā brahmaloke tissaṃ nāma mahābrahmānaṃ addasaṃsuM1.28 parittāyukaṃ uparibrahmalokūpapattiyā bhāvitamaggaṃ .

Disvāna nesaṃ etadahosi –

‘‘ sace mayaṃ etassa brahmuno manussaloke nibbattanatthāya ussāhaṃ kareyyāma , addhā esaP1.36 moggalibrāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gahessati .

Tato ca mantehi palobhito nikkhamitvā pabbajissati .

So evaṃ pabbajitvā sakalaṃ buddhavacanaṃ uggahetvā adhigatapaṭisambhido hutvā titthiye madditvā taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vinicchitvā sāsanaṃ paggaṇhissatī ’’ ti .

Te brahmalokaṃ gantvā tissaṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavocuṃ –

‘‘ ito vassasatassa upari aṭṭhārasame vasse sāsane mahantaṃ abbudaṃ uppajjissati .

Mayañca sakalaṃ manussalokaṃ chakāmāvacaradevalokañca olokayamānā kañci sāsanaṃ paggahetuṃ samatthaṃ adisvā brahmalokaṃ vicinantā bhavantameva addasāma .

Sādhu , sappurisa , manussaloke nibbattitvā dasabalassa sāsanaṃ paggaṇhituṃ paṭiññaṃ dehī ’’ ti .

Evaṃ vutte mahābrahmā ,‘‘ ahaṃ kira sāsane uppannaṃ abbudaṃ sodhetvā sāsanaṃ paggahetuṃ samattho bhavissāmī ’’ ti haṭṭhapahaṭṭho udaggudaggo hutvā ,‘‘ sādhū ’’ ti paṭissuṇitvā paṭiññaṃ adāsi .

Therā brahmaloke taṃ karaṇīyaṃ tīretvā puna paccāgamiṃsu .

TenaV1.28 kho pana samayena siggavatthero ca caṇḍavajjitthero ca dvepi navakā honti daharabhikkhū tipiṭakadharā pattapaṭisambhidā khīṇāsavā , te taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ na sampāpuṇiṃsu .

Therā ‘‘ tumhe , āvuso , amhākaṃ imasmiṃ adhikaraṇe no sahāyakā ahuvattha , tena vo idaṃ daṇḍakammaṃ hotu –

‘ tisso nāma brahmā moggalibrāhmaṇassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhissati , taṃ tumhākaṃ eko nīharitvā pabbājetu , eko buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhāpetū ’’’ ti vatvā sabbepi yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā –

Sabbakāmippabhutayo , tepi therā mahiddhikā ;

Aggikkhandhāva lokamhi , jalitvā parinibbutā .

Dutiyaṃ saṅgahaṃ katvā , visodhetvāna sāsanaṃ ;

AnāgatepiP1.37 katvāna , hetuṃ saddhammasuddhiyā .

KhīṇāsavāM1.29 vasippatthā , pabhinnapaṭisambhidā ;

Aniccatāvasaṃ therā , tepi nāma upāgatā .

Evaṃ aniccataṃ jammiṃ , ñatvā durabhisambhavaṃ ;

Taṃ pattuṃ vāyame dhīro , yaṃ niccaṃ amataṃ padanti .

Ettāvatā sabbākārena dutiyasaṅgītivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā hoti .

Dutiyasaṅgītikathā niṭṭhitā

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Pārājikakaṇḍa-aṭṭhakathā ( paṭhamo bhāgo )

Pārājikakaṇḍa-aṭṭhakathā ( paṭhamo bhāgo )