Karuṇābhāvanāvaṇṇanā
259. Karuṇan ti karuṇābrahmavihāraṃ .
Nikkaruṇatāyāti vihesāya ,‘‘ idhekacco pāṇinā vā leḍḍunā vā daṇḍena vā satthena vā aññataraññatarena vā sattānaṃ viheṭhanajātiko hotī ’’ ti evaṃ vuttaviheṭhaneti attho .
Ādīnavan ti dosaṃ .
Yathā tathā sattānaṃ viheṭhanāya pāpako vipāko idha ceva samparāye ca .
Tathā hi yo satte jīvitā voropanena vā aṅgapaccaṅgacchedanena vā dhanajāniyā vā alābhāya vā avāsāya vā anatthāya vā ayasatthāya vā parisaṃsakkanena vā antamaso yathāvajjadassanenapi viheṭheti , tassa so pamādavihāro diṭṭheva dhamme alābhāyapi hoti , laddhassa parihānāyapi hoti , tannimittaṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati , avisārado
M1.371 parisaṃ upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto , sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti , kāyassa bhedā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā , sugatiyampi manussabhūto dujjaccopi hoti nīcakuliko , dubbaṇṇopi hoti duddasiko , bahvābādhopi hoti rogabahulo , duggatopi hoti appannapāno , appāyukopi hoti parittajīvitoti evamādianekānatthānubandhitā vihesāya paccavekkhitabbā , tappaṭipakkhato karuṇāya ānisaṃsā paccavekkhitabbā .Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ nikkaruṇatāya ādīnavaṃ karuṇāya ca ānisaṃsaṃ paccavekkhitvā ’’ ti .
‘‘ Piyo hī ’’ tiādinā paṭhamaṃ piyapuggalādīsu anārambhassa kāraṇamāha .
Piyaṃ hi puggalaṃ karuṇāyitumārabhantassa na tāva piyabhāvo vigacchati , avigate ca tasmiṃ kuto karuṇāyanā .
Tenāha ‘‘ piyaṭṭhāneyeva tiṭṭhatī ’’ ti .
Sesapuggalesupi eseva nayo .
Liṅgavisabhāgakālakatānaṃ akhettabhāve kāraṇaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva .
Yattha
V1.350 pana paṭhamaṃ ārabhitabbā , taṃ pāḷinayeneva dassetuṃ ‘‘ kathañca bhikkhū ’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ .Tattha duggatan ti daliddaṃ .
So hi bhogapārijuññato sukhasādhanānaṃ abhāvena dukkhaṃ gato upagato duggatoti vuccati .
Atha vā duggatan ti dukkhena samaṅgibhāvaṃ gataṃ .
Durupetan ti kāyaduccaritādīhi upetaṃ .
Gatikularūpādivasena vā tamabhāve ṭhito duggato .
Kāyaduccaritādīhi upetattā tamaparāyaṇabhāve ṭhito durupetoti evamettha attho veditabbo .
Paramakicchappattan ti ativiya kicchamāpannaṃ mahābyasanaṃ nimuggaṃ .
Appeva nāmāti sādhu vata .
Vadhetha nan ti ‘‘ ghātetha naṃ coran ’’ ti evaṃ pahitāya rañño āṇāya khādanīyampi … pe … denti ‘‘ idāneva māriyamāno ettakampi sukhaṃ labhatū ’’ ti .
Susajjitoti sukhānubhavane sannaddho .
Eteneva upāyenāti yena yena vidhinā etarahi yathāvutte paramakicchāpanne āyatiṃ vā dukkhabhāgimhi puggale karuṇāyituṃ karuṇā uppāditā , eteneva nayena .
Piyapuggaleti piyāyitabbapuggale .
Etarahi vā dissamānaṃ āyatiṃ vā bhāviniṃ dukkhappattiṃ gahetvā karuṇā pavattetabbāti sambandho .
Majjhattaverīsupi eseva nayo .
Yo hi so karuṇāya vatthubhūto duvidho puggalo vutto , kāmaṃ tattha karuṇābhāvanā sukheneva ijjhati , iminā pana bhikkhunā tattha bhāvanaṃ paguṇataraṃ katvā
M1.372 sīmāsambhedaṃ kātuṃ tadanantaraṃ piyapuggale , tato majjhatte , tato veripuggale karuṇā bhāvetabbā .Bhāventena ca ekekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse muduṃ kammaniyaṃ cittaṃ katvā tadanantare tadanantare upasaṃharitabbaṃ .
Yassa pana veripuggalo vā natthi , mahāpurisajātikattā vā anatthaṃ karontepi verisaññāva nuppajjati , tena majjhatte me cittaṃ kammaniyaṃ jātaṃ , idāni verimhi upasaṃharāmīti byāpārova na kātabbo .
Yassa pana atthi , taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘ sace panā ’’ tiādi .
Tattha pubbe vuttanayenevāti mettākammaṭṭhānikassa ( visuddhi .1.240 ādayo ) vuttanayena .
Taṃ mettāya vuttanayeneva .
Vūpasametabban ti ‘‘ athānena purimapuggalesū ’’ tiādinā ( visuddhi .1.243),‘‘ kakacūpamaovādādīnaṃ anussarato ’’ tiādinā ( visuddhi .1.243) ca mettābhāvanāya vuttena nayena taṃ paṭighaṃ vūpasametabbaṃ .
Evaṃ etarahi mahādukkhappatte sukhitepi akatakusalatāya āyatiṃ dukkhappattiyā vasena karuṇāyanavidhiṃ dassetvā idāni katakalyāṇepi taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ yopi cetthā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Tesan ti byasanānaṃ .
Vaṭṭadukkhaṃ anatikkantattāti
V1.351 sammāsambuddhenāpi akkhānena pariyosāpetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa anāgatassa āpāyikassa sugatīsupi jātijarādibhedassāti aparimitassa saṃsāradukkhassa anatikkantabhāvato .Sabbathāpi karuṇāyitvāti dukkhappattiyā , sukhappattiyā akatakusalatāya vā katākusalatāya vāti sabbapakārenapi karuṇāya vatthubhāvassa sallakkhaṇena tasmiṃ tasmiṃ puggale karuṇaṃ katvā karuṇābhāvanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā .
Vuttanayenevāti ‘‘ athānena punappunaṃ mettāyantenā ’’ tiādinā ( visuddhi .1.243) mettābhāvanāyaṃ vuttena nayena .
Taṃ nimittan ti sīmāsambhedavasena pavattaṃ samathanimittaṃ .
Mettāya vuttanayenevāti yathā mettābhāvanāyaṃ ‘‘ appakasirenevā ’’ tiādinā ( visuddhi .1.253) tikacatukkajjhānavasena appanā ‘‘ ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī ’’ tiādinā ( visuddhi .1.253-254) tassā vaḍḍhanā ca vuttā , evamidha karuṇābhāvanāyaṃ tikacatukkajjhānavasena appanā veditabbā ca vaḍḍhetabbā ca , tathevassā vaḍḍhanāvidhipi veditabbāti adhippāyo .
Vuttanayenevāti avadhāraṇena ‘‘ paṭhamaṃ veripuggalo karuṇāyitabbo ’’ ti idaṃ yathā pāḷiviruddhaṃ , evaṃ yuttiviruddhampīti imamatthaṃ
M1.373 dīpeti .Paṭhamaṃ hi veriṃ samanussarato kodho uppajjeyya , na karuṇā .
Attāpi sakkhibhāvena karuṇāyanavasena gahetabbo , so kimiti pacchā gayhatīti .
‘‘ Appanā vaḍḍhetabbā ’’ ti iminā ca appanāppattacittasseva ‘‘ karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī ’’ tiādinā ( dī . ni .3.308; ma . ni .1.77,509;2.309,315,452,471;3.230) vuttavikubbanā ijjhatīti ayamattho dassito .
Karuṇāpadamattameva cassā pāḷiyā visesoti taṃ anāmasitvā paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttavikubbanā , mettāya vuttaānisaṃsā ca idha labbhantīti dassetuṃ ‘‘ tato paraṃ … pe … veditabbā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Tattha tato paran ti ‘‘ karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .3.308; ma . ni .1.77,509;2.309,315,452,471;3.230) vuttavikubbanato upari .
Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .