1. Paṭhamavaggo
1. Dukkhavihārasuttavaṇṇanā
28. Dukanipātassa
M0.92V0.84P1.96 paṭhame dvīhīti gaṇanaparicchedo .Dhammehīti paricchinnadhammanidassanaṃ .
Dvīhi dhammehīti dvīhi akusaladhammehi .
Samannāgatoti yutto .
Diṭṭheva dhammeti imasmiṃyeva attabhāve .
Dukkhaṃ viharatīti catūsupi iriyāpathesu kilesadukkhena ceva kāyikacetasikadukkhena ca dukkhaṃ viharati .
Savighātan ti cittūpaghātena ceva kāyūpaghātena ca savighātaṃ .
Saupāyāsan ti kilesūpāyāsena ceva sarīrakhedena ca balavaāyāsavasena saupāyāsaṃ .
Sapariḷāhan ti kilesapariḷāhena ceva kāyapariḷāhena ca sapariḷāhaṃ .
Kāyassa bhedāti upādinnakkhandhapariccāgā .
Paraṃ maraṇāti tadanantaraṃ abhinibbattakkhandhaggahaṇe .
Atha vā kāyassa bhedāti jīvitindriyupacchedā .
Paraṃ maraṇāti cutito uddhaṃ .
Duggati pāṭikaṅkhāti duggatisaṅkhātānaṃ catunnaṃ apāyānaṃ aññatarā gati icchitabbā , avassaṃbhāvinīti attho .
Aguttadvāroti apihitadvāro .
Kattha pana aguttadvāroti āha ‘‘ indriyesū ’’ ti .
Tena manacchaṭṭhānaṃ indriyānaṃ asaṃvaramāha .
Paṭiggahaṇaparibhogavasena bhojane mattaṃ na jānātīti bhojane amattaññū .
‘‘ Indriyesu aguttadvāratāya bhojane amattaññutāyā ’’ tipi paṭhanti .
Kathaṃ
P1.97 indriyesu aguttadvāratā , kathaṃ vā guttadvāratāti ?Kiñcāpi hi cakkhundriye saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā natthi .
Na hi cakkhupasādaṃ nissāya sati vā muṭṭhassaccaṃ vā uppajjati .
Apica yadā rūpārammaṇaṃ cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchati , tadā bhavaṅge dvikkhattuṃ uppajjitvā niruddhe kiriyāmanodhātu āvajjanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati , tato
V0.85 cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dassanakiccaṃ , tato vipākamanodhātu sampaṭicchanakiccaṃ , tato vipākāhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu santīraṇakiccaṃ , tato kiriyāhetukamanoviññāṇadhātu voṭṭhabbanakiccaṃ sādhayamānā uppajjitvā nirujjhati , tadanantaraṃ javanaṃ javati .Tathāpi neva bhavaṅgasamaye , na āvajjanādīnaṃ aññatarasamaye
M0.93 saṃvaro vā asaṃvaro vā atthi , javanakkhaṇe pana sace dussīlyaṃ vā muṭṭhassaccaṃ vā aññāṇaṃ vā akkhanti vā kosajjaṃ vā uppajjati , asaṃvaro hoti .Evaṃ hontopi so ‘‘ cakkhudvāre asaṃvaro ’’ ti vuccati .
Kasmā ?
Yasmā tasmiṃ sati dvārampi aguttaṃ hoti bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi .
Yathā kiṃ ?
Yathā nagare catūsu dvāresu asaṃvutesu kiñcāpi antogharadvārakoṭṭhakagabbhādayo susaṃvutā tathāpi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ arakkhitaṃ agopitameva hoti .
Nagaradvārehi pavisitvā corā yadicchanti , taṃ hareyyuṃ .
Evameva javane dussīlyādīsu uppannesu tasmiṃ asaṃvare satidvārampi aguttaṃ hoti , bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi .
Tasmiṃ pana asati javane sīlādīsu uppannesu dvārampi guttaṃ hoti bhavaṅgampi āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi .
Yathā kiṃ ?
Yathā nagaradvāresu saṃvutesu kiñcāpi antogharadvārādayo asaṃvutā , tathāpi antonagare sabbaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ surakkhitaṃ sugopitameva hoti .
Nagaradvāresu hi pihitesu corānaṃ paveso natthi .
Evameva javane sīlādīsu uppannesu dvārampi guttaṃ hoti , bhavaṅgampi , āvajjanādīni vīthicittānipi .
Tasmā javanakkhaṇe uppajjamānopi ‘‘ cakkhudvāre saṃvaro ’’ ti vuccati .
Sesadvāresupi eseva nayo .
Evaṃ indriyesu aguttadvāratā , guttadvāratā ca veditabbā .
Kathaṃ pana bhojane amattaññū , kathaṃ vā mattaññūti
P1.98 ?Yo hi puggalo mahiccho hutvā paṭiggahaṇe mattaṃ na jānāti .
Mahicchapuggalo hi yathā nāma kacchapuṭavāṇijo piḷandhanabhaṇḍakaṃ hatthena gahetvā ucchaṅgepi pakkhipitabbayuttakaṃ pakkhipitvā mahājanassa passantasseva ‘‘ asukaṃ gaṇhatha , asukaṃ gaṇhathā ’’ ti mukhena ugghoseti , evameva appamattakampi attano sīlaṃ vā ganthaṃ vā dhutaṅgaguṇaṃ vā antamaso araññavāsamattakampi mahājanassa jānantasseva sambhāveti , sambhāvetvā ca pana sakaṭehipi upanīte paccaye ‘‘ alan ’’ ti avatvā paṭiggaṇhāti .
Tayo hi pūretuṃ na sakkā aggi upādānena , samuddo udakena , mahiccho paccayehīti –
‘‘ Aggikkhandho samuddo ca , mahiccho cāpi puggalo ;
Bahuke paccaye dinne , tayopete na pūrayeti ’’.
Mahicchapuggalo
M0.94V0.86 hi vijātamātuyāpi manaṃ gaṇhituṃ na sakkoti .Evarūpo hi anuppannaṃ lābhaṃ na uppādeti , uppannalābhato ca parihāyati .
Evaṃ tāva paṭiggahaṇe amattaññū hoti .
Yo pana dhammena samena laddhampi āhāraṃ gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādīnavadassāvī anissaraṇapañño āharahatthakaalaṃsāṭakatatthavaṭṭakakākamāsakabhuttavamitakabrāhmaṇānaṃ aññataro viya ayoniso anupāyena yāvadatthaṃ udarāvadehakaṃ paribhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharati .
Ayaṃ paribhoge amattaññū nāma .
Yo pana ‘‘ yadipi deyyadhammo bahu hoti , dāyako appaṃ dātukāmo , dāyakassa vasena appaṃ gaṇhāti .
Deyyadhammo appo , dāyako bahuṃ dātukāmo , deyyadhammassa vasena appaṃ gaṇhāti .
Deyyadhammo bahu , dāyakopi bahuṃ dātukāmo , attano thāmaṃ ñatvā pamāṇayuttameva gaṇhātī ’’ ti evaṃ vuttassa paṭiggahaṇe pamāṇajānanassa ceva ,‘‘ paṭisaṅkhā
P1.99 yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti , neva davāya , na madāyā ’’ tiādinā ( dha . sa .1355)‘‘ laddhañca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjatī ’’ ti ca ādinā nayena vuttassa paccavekkhitvā paṭisaṅkhānapaññāya jānitvā āhāraparibhuñjanasaṅkhātassa paribhoge pamāṇajānanassa ca vasena bhojane mattaññū hoti , ayaṃ bhojane mattaññū nāma .Evaṃ bhojane amattaññutā mattaññutā ca hotīti veditabbaṃ .
Gāthāsu pana cakkhun tiādīsu cakkhatīti cakkhu , rūpaṃ assādeti , samavisamaṃ ācikkhantaṃ viya hotīti vā attho .
Suṇātīti sotaṃ .
Ghāyatīti ghānaṃ .
Jīvitanimittaṃ āhāraraso jīvitaṃ , taṃ avhāyatīti jivhā .
Kucchitānaṃ āyoti kāyo .
Manate vijānātīti mano .
Porāṇā panāhu munātīti mano , nāḷiyā minamāno viya mahātulāya dhārayamāno viya ca ārammaṇaṃ vijānātīti attho .
Evaṃ tāvettha padattho veditabbo .
Bhāvatthato pana duvidhaṃ cakkhu – maṃsacakkhu ca paññācakkhu ca .
Tesu buddhacakkhu , samantacakkhu , ñāṇacakkhu , dibbacakkhu , dhammacakkhūti pañcavidhaṃ paññācakkhu .
Tattha ‘‘ addasaṃ kho
M0.95 ahaṃ , bhikkhave , buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.283) idaṃ buddhacakkhu nāma .‘‘ Samantacakkhu vuccati sabbaññutaññāṇan ’’ ti ( cūḷava . dhotakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 32) idaṃ samantacakkhu nāma .
‘‘ Cakkhuṃ udapādī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1081; mahāva .15) idaṃ ñāṇacakkhu nāma .
‘‘ Addasaṃ kho ahaṃ , bhikkhave , dibbena cakkhunā visuddhenā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.284) idaṃ dibbacakkhu nāma .
‘‘ Virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādī ’’ ti
V0.87 ( ma . ni .2.395; mahāva .16) idaṃ heṭṭhimamaggattayasaṅkhātaṃ dhammacakkhu nāma .Maṃsacakkhu pi duvidhaṃ – sasambhāracakkhu , pasādacakkhūti .
Tattha yvāyaṃ akkhikūpake patiṭṭhito heṭṭhā akkhikūpakaṭṭhikena , upari bhamukaṭṭhikena
P1.100 , ubhato akkhikūṭehi , anto matthaluṅgena , bahiddhā akkhilomehi paricchinno maṃsapiṇḍo , saṅkhepato catasso dhātuyo – vaṇṇo , gandho , raso , ojāsambhavo saṇṭhānaṃ jīvitaṃ bhāvo kāyapasādo cakkhupasādoti cuddasa sambhārā .Vitthārato catasso dhātuyo taṃnissitā vaṇṇagandharasaojāsaṇṭhānasambhavāti imāni dasa catusamuṭṭhānikattā cattālīsaṃ honti , jīvitaṃ bhāvo kāyapasādo cakkhupasādoti cattāri ekantakammasamuṭṭhānevāti imesaṃ catucattālīsāya rūpānaṃ vasena catucattālīsa sambhārā .
Yaṃ loke ‘‘ setaṃ vaṭṭaṃ puthulaṃ visaṭaṃ vipulaṃ cakkhū ’’ ti sañjānanto na cakkhuṃ sañjānāti , vatthuṃ cakkhuto sañjānāti , yo maṃsapiṇḍo akkhikūpake patiṭṭhito nhārusuttakena matthaluṅgena ābaddho , yattha setampi atthi kaṇhampi lohitakampi pathavīpi āpopi tejopi vāyopi .
Yaṃ semhussadattā setaṃ , pittussadattā kaṇhaṃ , ruhirussadattā lohitakaṃ , pathavussadattā patthaddhaṃ , āpussadattā paggharati , tejussadattā pariḍayhati , vāyussadattā sambhamati , idaṃ sasambhāracakkhu nāma .
Yo pana ettha sito ettha paṭibaddho catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya pasādo , idaṃ pasādacakkhu nāma .
Idañhi cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ yathārahaṃ vatthudvārabhāvena pavattati .
Sotādīsupi sotaṃ dibbasotaṃ , maṃsasotanti duvidhaṃ .
Ettha ‘‘ dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇātī ’’ ti idaṃ dibbasotaṃ nāma .
Maṃsasotaṃ pana sasambhārasotaṃ pasādasotanti duvidhantiādi sabbaṃ cakkhumhi vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ , tathā ghānajivhā .
Kāyo pana copanakāyo , karajakāyo , samūhakāyo , pasādakāyotiādinā bahuvidho .
Tattha –
‘‘ Kāyena
M0.96 saṃvutā dhīrā , atho vācāya saṃvutā ’’ ti .( dha . pa .234)–Ayaṃ copanakāyo nāma .
‘‘ Imamhā kāyā aññaṃ kāyaṃ abhinimminātī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.236; paṭi . ma .3.14) ayaṃ karajakāyo nāma .
Samūhakāyo pana viññāṇādisamūhavasena anekavidho āgato .
Tathā hi ‘‘ cha ime , āvuso , viññāṇakāyā ’’ tiādīsu
P1.101 ( ma . ni .1.101) viññāṇasamūho vutto .‘‘ Cha phassakāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .3.323; ma . ni .1.98) phassādisamūho
V0.88 .Tathā ‘‘ kāyapassaddhi kāyalahutā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa .114) vedanākkhandhādayo .
‘‘ Idhekacco pathavikāyaṃ aniccato anupassati , āpokāyaṃ tejokāyaṃ vāyokāyaṃ kesakāyaṃ lomakāyan ’’ tiādīsu ( paṭi . ma .3.35) pathavādisamūho .
‘‘ Kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā ’’ ti ( a . ni .3.16) ayaṃ pasādakāyo .
Idhāpi pasādakāyo veditabbo .
So hi kāyaviññāṇādīnaṃ yathārahaṃ vatthudvārabhāvena pavattati .
Manoti pana kiñcāpi sabbaṃ viññāṇaṃ vuccati , tathāpi dvārabhāvassa idhādhippetattā dvārabhūtaṃ sāvajjanaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Etāni yassa dvārāni aguttāni ca bhikkhunoti yassa bhikkhuno etāni manacchaṭṭhāni dvārāni sativossaggena pamādaṃ āpannattā satikavāṭena apihitāni .
Bhojanamhi … pe … adhigacchatīti so bhikkhu vuttanayena bhojane amattaññū indriyesu ca saṃvararahito diṭṭhadhammikañca rogādivasena , samparāyikañca duggatipariyāpannaṃ kāyadukkhaṃ rāgādikilesasantāpavasena , icchāvighātavasena ca cetodukkhanti sabbathāpi dukkhameva adhigacchati pāpuṇāti .
Yasmā cetadevaṃ , tasmā duvidhenapi dukkhagginā idhaloke ca paraloke ca ḍayhamānena kāyena ḍayhamānena cetasā divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ niccakālameva tādiso puggalo dukkhameva viharati , na tassa sukhavihārassa sambhavo , vaṭṭadukkhānatikkame pana vattabbameva natthīti .
Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .