4. Catukkanipāto

1. Brāhmaṇadhammayāgasuttavaṇṇanā

100. CatukkanipātassaM0.303V0.278P2.141 paṭhame ahan ti attaniddeso .

Yo hi paro na hoti , so niyakajjhattasaṅkhāto attā ‘‘ ahan ’’ ti vuccati .

Asmīti paṭijānanā .

Yo paramatthabrāhmaṇabhāvo ‘‘ ahan ’’ ti vuccamāno , tassa attani atthibhāvaṃ paṭijānanto hi satthā ‘‘ asmī ’’ ti avoca .

‘‘ Ahamasmī ’’ ti ca yathā ‘‘ ahamasmi brahmā mahābrahmā , seyyohamasmī ’’ ti ca appahīnadiṭṭhimānānusayā puthujjanā attano diṭṭhimānamaññanābhinivesavasena abhivadanti , na evaṃ vuttaṃ .

Sabbaso pana pahīnadiṭṭhimānānusayo bhagavā samaññaṃ anatidhāvanto lokasamaññānurodhena veneyyasantānesu dhammaṃ patiṭṭhapento kevalaṃ tādisassa guṇassa attani vijjamānataṃ paṭijānanto ‘‘ ahamasmī ’’ ti āha .

Brāhmaṇoti bāhitapāpattā brahmassa ca aṇanato brāhmaṇo .

Ayañhettha attho – bhikkhave , ahaṃ paramatthato brāhmaṇosmīti .

Bhagavā sabbākāraparipuṇṇassa dānasaṃyamādivatasamādānassa niravasesāya tapacariyāya pāraṃ gato sammadeva vusitabrahmacariyavāso sakalavedantagū suvisuddhavijjācaraṇo sabbathā ninhātapāpamalo anuttarassa ariyamaggasaṅkhātassa brāhmaṇassa vattā pavattā , suparisuddhassa ca sāsanabrahmacariyassa pavedetā , tasmā sabbaso bāhitapāpattā brahmassa ca aṇanato kathanato paramatthena brāhmaṇoti vuccati .

Iti bhagavā sadevake loke attano anuttaraṃ brāhmaṇabhāvaṃ pavedetvā yāni tāni brāhmaṇadānādīni cha kammāni brāhmaṇassa paññāpenti , tesampi suparisuddhānaṃ ukkaṃsato attani saṃvijjamānataṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ yācayogo ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha yācayogoti yācehi yutto .

Yācantīti yācā , yācakāP2.142 , te panettha veneyyā veditabbā .

Te hi ‘‘ desetu , bhante bhagavāM0.304 , dhammaṃ ;

desetu , sugato , dhamman ’’ ti bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammadesanaṃ yācanti .

Bhagavā ca tesaṃ icchāvighātaṃ akaronto yathāruci dhammaṃ desentoV0.279 dhammadānaṃ detīti yācayogo , sadā sabbakālaṃ tehi avirahito .

Atha vā yācayogoti yācanayoggo , adhippāyapūraṇato yācituṃ yuttoti attho ‘‘ yājayogo ’’ tipi pāṭho .

Tattha yājo vuccati mahādānaṃ , yiṭṭhanti attho .

Idha pana dhammadānaṃ veditabbaṃ , yāje niyuttoti yājayogā .

Sadāti sabbadā , anavaratappavattasaddhammamahādānoti attho .

Atha vā yājena yojetītipi yājayogo .

Tividhadānasaṅkhātena yājena satte yathārahaṃ yojeti , tattha dāne niyojetīti attho .

‘‘ Yājayogo satatan ’’ tipi paṭhanti .

Payatapāṇīti parisuddhahattho .

Yo hi dānādhimutto āmisadānaṃ dento sakkaccaṃ sahatthena deyyadhammaṃ dātuṃ sadā dhotahatthoyeva hoti , so ‘‘ payatapāṇī ’’ ti vuccati .

Bhagavāpi dhammadānādhimutto sakkaccaṃ sabbakālaṃ dhammadāne yuttappayuttoti katvā vuttaṃ ‘‘ payatapāṇī ’’ ti .

‘‘ Sadā ’’ ti ca padaṃ imināpi saddhiṃ yojetabbaṃ ‘‘ sadā payatapāṇī ’’ ti .

Avibhāgena hi satthā veneyyalokassa saddhammadānaṃ sadā sabbakālaṃ pavattento tattha yuttappayutto hutvā viharati .

Aparo nayo – yogo vuccati bhāvanā .

Yathāha ‘‘ yogā ve jāyate bhūrī ’’ ti ( dha . pa .282).

Tasmā yājayogoti yājabhāvanaṃ , pariccāgabhāvanaṃ anuyuttoti attho .

Bhagavā hi abhisambodhito pubbe bodhisattabhūtopi karuṇāsamussāhito anavasesato dānaṃ paribrūhento tattha ukkaṃsapāramippatto hutvā abhisambodhiṃ pāpuṇi , buddho hutvāpi tividhaṃ dānaṃ paribrūhesi visesato dhammadānaṃ , parepi tattha niyojesi .

Tathā hi so veneyyayācakānaṃ kassaci saraṇāni adāsi , kassaci pañca sīlāni , kassaci dasa sīlāni , kassaci catupārisuddhisīlaṃ , kassaci dhutadhamme , kassaci cattāri jhānāni , kassaci aṭṭha samāpattiyo , kassaci pañcābhiññāyo , cattāro magge , cattāriP2.143 sāmaññaphalāni , tisso vijjā , catasso paṭisambhidāti evamādilokiyalokuttarabhedaṃ guṇadhanaṃ dhammadānavasena yathādhippāyaṃ dento pare ca ‘‘ dethā ’’ ti niyojento pariccāgabhāvanaṃ paribrūhesi .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ pariccāgabhāvanaṃ anuyutto ’’ ti .

PayatapāṇītiM0.305 vā āyatapāṇī , hatthagataṃ kiñci dātuṃ ‘‘ ehi gaṇhā ’’ ti pasāritahattho viya ācariyamuṭṭhiṃ akatvā saddhammadāne yuttappayuttoti attho .

Payatapāṇīti vā ussāhitahattho , āmisadānaṃ dātuṃ ussāhitahattho viya dhammadāne katussāhoti attho .

Antimadehadharoti brahmacariyavasena brāhmaṇakaraṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ pāripūriyā pacchimattabhāvadhārī .

Avusitavato hi vasalakaraṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ appahānena vasalādisamaññā gati āyatiṃ gabbhaseyyā siyā .

Tena bhagavā attano accantavusitabrāhmaṇabhāvaṃ dasseti .

Anuttaro bhisakkoV0.280 sallakattoti duttikicchassa vaṭṭadukkharogassa tikicchanato uttamo bhisakko , aññehi anuddharaṇīyānaṃ rāgādisallānaṃ kantanato samucchedavasena samuddharaṇato uttamo sallakantanavejjo .

Iminā nippariyāyato brāhmaṇakaraṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ attani patiṭṭhitānaṃ parasantatiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpanena paresampi brāhmaṇakaraṇamāha .

Tassa me tumhe puttāti tassa evarūpassa mama tumhe , bhikkhave , puttā atrajā hotha .

Orasāti urasi sambandhā .

Yathā hi sattānaṃ orasaputtā atrajā visesena pitusantakassa dāyajjassa bhāgino honti , evametepi ariyapuggalā sammāsambuddhassa dhammassavanante ariyāya jātiyā jātā .

Tassa santakassa vimuttisukhassa ariyadhammaratanassa ca ekaṃsabhāgiyatāya orasā .

Atha vā bhagavato dhammadesanānubhāvena ariyabhūmiṃ okkamamānā okkantā ca ariyasāvakā satthu ure vāyāmajanitābhijātitāya nippariyāyena ‘‘ orasaputtā ’’ ti vattabbataṃ arahanti .

Tathā hi te bhagavatā āsayānusayacariyādhimuttiādivolokanena vajjānucintanena ca hadaye katvā vajjato nivāretvā anavajje patiṭṭhapentena sīlādidhammasarīraposanena saṃvaḍḍhitā .

Mukhato jātāti mukhato jātāya dhammadesanāya ariyāya jātiyāP2.144 jātattā mukhato jātā .

Atha vā anaññasādhāraṇato sabbassa kusaladhammassa mukhato pātimokkhato vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāsaṅkhātato vimokkhamukhato vā ariyamaggajātiyā jātātipi mukhato jātā .

Sikkhattayasaṅgahe sāsanadhamme ariyamaggadhamme vā jātāti dhammajā .

Teneva dhammena nimmitā māpitāti dhammanimmitā .

Satidhammavicayādi dhammadāyādā , na lābhasakkārādiM0.306 āmisadāyādā , dhammadāyādā no āmisadāyādā hothāti attho .

Tattha dhammo duvidho – nippariyāyadhammo , pariyāyadhammoti .

Āmisampi duvidhaṃ – nippariyāyāmisaṃ , pariyāyāmisanti .

Kathaṃ ?

Maggaphalanibbānappabhedo hi navavidho lokuttaradhammo nippariyāyadhammo , nibbattitadhammoyeva , na kenaci pariyāyena kāraṇena vā lesena vā dhammo .

Yaṃ panidaṃ vivaṭṭūpanissitaṃ kusalaṃ , seyyathidaṃ – idhekacco vivaṭṭaṃ patthento dānaṃ deti , sīlaṃ samādiyati , uposathakammaṃ karoti , gandhamālādīhi vatthupūjaṃ karoti , dhammaṃ suṇāti , deseti , jhānasamāpattiyo nibbatteti , evaṃ karonto anupubbena nippariyāyaṃ amataṃ nibbānaṃ paṭilabhati , ayaṃ pariyāyadhammo .

Tathā cīvarādayo cattāro paccayā nippariyāyāmisameva , na aññena pariyāyena vā kāraṇena vā lesena vā āmisaṃ .

Yaṃ panidaṃ vaṭṭagāmikusalaṃ , seyyathidaṃ – idhekacco vaṭṭaṃ patthento sampattibhavaṃ icchamāno dānaṃ deti … pe … samāpattiyo nibbatteti , evaṃ karonto anupubbena devamanussasampattiyo paṭilabhati , idaṃ pariyāyāmisaṃ nāma .

TatthaV0.281 nippariyāyadhammopi bhagavatoyeva santako .

Bhagavatā hi kathitattā bhikkhū maggaphalanibbānāni adhigacchanti .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ So , hi , brāhmaṇa , bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā , asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā … pe … maggānugā ca panetarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.79; cūlani . mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddesa 85).

‘‘ So , hāvuso , bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti , passaṃ passati , cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto , vattā pavattā , atthassa ninnetāP2.145 , amatassa dātā , dhammassāmī tathāgato ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.203;3.281) ca .

Pariyāyadhammopi bhagavatoyeva santako .

Bhagavatā hi kathitattā eva jānanti ‘‘ vivaṭṭaṃ patthetvā dānaṃ dento … pe … samāpattiyo nibbattento anukkamena amataṃ nibbānaṃ paṭilabhatī ’’ ti .

Nippariyāyāmisampi bhagavatoyevaM0.307 santakaṃ .

Bhagavatā hi anuññātattāyeva bhikkhūhi jīvakavatthuṃ ādiṃ katvā paṇītacīvaraṃ laddhaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Anujānāmi , bhikkhave , gahapaticīvaraṃ .

Yo icchati , paṃsukūliko hotu .

Yo icchati , gahapaticīvaraṃ sādiyatu .

Itarītarenapāhaṃ , bhikkhave , santuṭṭhiṃyeva vaṇṇemī ’’ ti ( mahāva .337).

Evaṃ itarepi paccayā bhagavatā anuññātattā eva bhikkhūhi paribhuñjituṃ laddhā .

Pariyāyāmisampi bhagavatoyeva santakaṃ .

Bhagavatā hi kathitattā eva jānanti ‘‘ sampattibhavaṃ patthento dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ … pe … samāpattiyo nibbattetvā anukkamena pariyāyāmisaṃ dibbasampattiṃ manussasampattiñca paṭilabhatī ’’ ti .

Yadeva yasmā nippariyāyadhammopi pariyāyadhammopi nippariyāyāmisampi pariyāyāmisampi bhagavatoyeva santakaṃ , tasmā tattha attano sāmibhāvaṃ dassento tattha ca yaṃ seṭṭhataraṃ accantahitasukhāvahaṃ tattheva ne niyojento evamāha ‘‘ tassa me tumhe puttā orasā … pe … no āmisadāyādā ’’ ti .

Iti bhagavā paripuṇṇavatasamādānaṃ tapacariyaṃ sammadeva vusitabrahmacariyaṃ suvisuddhavijjācaraṇasampannaṃ anavasesavedantapāraguṃ bāhitasabbapāpaṃ satataṃ yācayogaṃ sadevake lokeV0.282 anuttaradakkhiṇeyyabhāvappattaṃ attano paramatthabrāhmaṇabhāvaṃ ariyasāvakānañca attano orasaputtādibhāvaṃ pavedesi .

Bhagavā hi ‘‘ sīhoti kho , bhikkhave , tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.99) ettha sīhasadisaṃ ,‘‘ puriso maggakusaloti kho , tissa , tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.84) ettha maggadesakapurisasadisaṃ ,‘‘ rājāhamasmiP2.146 selā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .2.399; su . ni .559) ettha rājasadisaṃ ,‘‘ bhisakko sallakattoti kho , sunakkhatta , tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanan ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.65) ettha vejjasadisaṃ ,‘‘ brāhmaṇoti kho , bhikkhave , tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanan ’’ ti ( a . ni .8.85) ettha brāhmaṇasadisaṃ attānaṃ kathesi .

Idhāpi brāhmaṇa sadisaṃ katvā kathesi .

Idāni yehi dānādīhi yuttassa ito bāhirakabrāhmaṇassa brāhmaṇakiccaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ maññanti , tehi attano dānādīnaṃ aggaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ pakāsetuṃ ‘‘ dvemāni , bhikkhave , dānānī ’’ tiādi āraddhaṃ .

Tattha yāgāti mahāyaññāM0.308 , mahādānānīti attho , yāni ‘‘ yiṭṭhānī ’’ tipi vuccanti .

Tattha velāmadānavessantaradānamahāvijitayaññasadisā āmisayāgā veditabbā , mahāsamayasuttamaṅgalasuttacūḷarāhulovādasuttasamacittasuttadesanādayo dhammayāgā .

Sesaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva .

Gāthāyaṃ ayajīti adāsi .

Amaccharīti sabbamacchariyānaṃ bodhimūleyeva suppahīnattā maccherarahito .

Sabbabhūtānukampīti mahākaruṇāya sabbasatte piyaputtaṃ viya anuggaṇhanasīlo .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ Vadhake devadatte ca , core aṅgulimālake ;

Dhanapāle rāhule ceva , samacitto mahāmunī ’’ ti .( mi . pa .6.6.5)–

Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva .

Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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