2. Mettasuttavaṇṇanā
22. Dutiye mā , bhikkhave , puññānan ti ettha māti paṭisedhe nipāto .
Puñña saddo ‘‘ kusalānaṃ , bhikkhave , dhammānaṃ samādānahetu evamidaṃ puññaṃ pavaḍḍhatī ’’ tiādīsu
P1.74 ( dī . ni .3.380) puññaphale āgato .‘‘ Avijjāgatoyaṃ , bhikkhave , purisapuggalo puññañce saṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkharotī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .2.51) kāmarūpāvacarasucarite .
‘‘ Puññūpagaṃ bhavati viññāṇan ’’ tiādīsu sugativisesabhūte upapattibhave .
‘‘ Tīṇimāni , bhikkhave , puññakiriyavatthūni – dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu , sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu , bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthū ’’ tiādīsu ( itivu .60; a . ni .8.36) kusalacetanāyaṃ .
Idha pana tebhūmakakusaladhamme veditabbo .
Bhāyitthāti ettha duvidhaṃ bhayaṃ ñāṇabhayaṃ , sārajjabhayanti .
Tattha ‘‘ yepi te , bhikkhave , devā dīghāyukā vaṇṇavanto sukhabahulā uccesu vimānesu ciraṭṭhitikā
M0.71 , tepi tathāgatassa dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yebhuyyena bhayaṃ saṃvegaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjantī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.33) āgataṃ ñāṇabhayaṃ .‘‘ Ahudeva bhayaṃ , ahu chambhitattaṃ , ahu lomahaṃso ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.318) āgataṃ sārajjabhayaṃ .
Idhāpi sārajjabhayameva .
Ayañhettha
V0.66 attho – bhikkhave , dīgharattaṃ kāyavacīsaṃyamo vattapaṭivattapūraṇaṃ ekāsanaṃ , ekaseyyaṃ , indriyadamo , dhutadhammehi cittassa niggaho , satisampajaññaṃ , kammaṭṭhānānuyogavasena vīriyārambhoti evamādīni yāni bhikkhunā , nirantaraṃ pavattetabbāni puññāni , tehi mā bhāyittha , mā bhayaṃ santāsaṃ āpajjittha , ekaccassa diṭṭhadhammasukhassa uparodhabhayena samparāyikanibbānasukhadāyakehi puññehi mā bhāyitthāti .Nissakke hi idaṃ sāmivacanaṃ .
Idāni tato abhāyitabbabhāve kāraṇaṃ dassento ‘‘ sukhassetan ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha sukha saddo ‘‘ sukho buddhānaṃ uppādo , sukhā virāgatā loke ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .194) sukhamūle āgato .
‘‘ Yasmā ca kho , mahāli , rūpaṃ sukhaṃ sukhānupatitaṃ sukhāvakkantan ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .3.60) sukhārammaṇe .
‘‘ Yāvañcidaṃ , bhikkhave , na sukaraṃ akkhānena pāpuṇituṃ yāva sukhā saggā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.255) sukhapaccayaṭṭhāne .
‘‘ Sukho puññassa uccayo ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .118) sukhahetumhi .
‘‘ Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete dhammā ’’ tiādīsu
P1.75 ( ma . ni .1.82) abyāpajje .‘‘ Nibbānaṃ paramaṃ sukhan ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .204; ma . ni .2.215) nibbāne .
‘‘ Sukhassa ca pahānā ’’ tiādīsu ( cūḷani . khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 125) sukhavedanāyaṃ .
‘‘ Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ , sukhamicceva bhāsitan ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.253; itivu .53) upekkhāvedanāyaṃ .
‘‘ Dvepi mayā , ānanda , vedanā vuttā pariyāyena sukhā vedanā , dukkhā vedanā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.89) iṭṭhasukhe .
‘‘ Sukho vipāko puññānan ’’ tiādīsu ( peṭako .23) sukhavipāke .
Idhāpi iṭṭhavipāke eva daṭṭhabbo .
Iṭṭhassātiādīsu esitabbato aniṭṭhapaṭikkhepato ca iṭṭhassa , kamanīyato manasmiñca kamanato pavisanato kantassa , piyāyitabbato santappanato ca piyassa , mānanīyato manassa pavaḍḍhanato ca manāpassāti attho veditabbo .
Yadidaṃ puññānīti ‘‘ puññānī ’’ ti yadidaṃ vacanaṃ , etaṃ sukhassa iṭṭhassa vipākassa adhivacanaṃ nāmaṃ , sukhameva taṃ
M0.72 yadidaṃ puññanti phalena kāraṇassa abhedūpacāraṃ vadati .Tena katūpacitānaṃ puññānaṃ avassaṃbhāviphalaṃ sutvā appamattena sakkaccaṃ puññāni kātabbānīti puññakiriyāyaṃ niyojeti , ādarañca nesaṃ tattha uppādeti .
Idāni attanā sunettakāle katena puññakammena dīgharattaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ bhavantarapaṭicchannaṃ uḷāratamaṃ puññavipākaṃ udāharitvā tamatthaṃ pākaṭaṃ karonto ‘‘ abhijānāmi kho panāhan ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha abhijānāmīti abhivisiṭṭhena ñāṇena jānāmi , paccakkhato bujjhāmi .
Dīgharattan ti cirakālaṃ .
Puññānan ti dānādikusaladhammānaṃ .
Satta vassānīti satta saṃvaccharāni
V0.67 .Mettacittan ti mijjatīti mettā , siniyhatīti attho .
Mitte bhavā , mittassa vā esā pavattītipi mettā .
Lakkhaṇādito pana hitākārappavattilakkhaṇā , hitūpasaṃhārarasā , āghātavinayapaccupaṭṭhānā , sattānaṃ manāpabhāvadassanapadaṭṭhānā .
Byāpādūpasamo etissā sampatti , sinehāsambhavo vipatti .
Sā etassa atthīti mettacittaṃ .
Bhāvetvāti mettāsahagataṃ cittaṃ , cittasīsena samādhi vuttoti mettāsamādhiṃ
P1.76 mettābrahmavihāraṃ uppādetvā ceva vaḍḍhetvā ca .Satta saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappeti satta mahākappe .
Saṃvaṭṭa-vivaṭṭaggahaṇeneva hi saṃvaṭṭaṭṭhāyi-vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyinopi gahitā .
Imaṃ lokan ti kāmalokaṃ .
Saṃvaṭṭamāne sudan ti saṃvaṭṭamāne .
Sudan ti nipātamattaṃ vinassamāneti attho .
‘‘ Saṃvattamāne sudan ’’ ti ca paṭhanti .
Kappeti kāle .
Kappasīsena hi kālo vutto .
Kāle khīyamāne kappopi khīyateva .
Yathāha –
‘‘ Kālo ghasati bhūtāni , sabbāneva sahattanā ’’ ti .( jā .1.2.190);
‘‘ Ābhassarūpago homī ’’ ti vuttattā tejosaṃvaṭṭavasenettha kappavuṭṭhānaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Ābhassarūpagoti tattha paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena ābhassarabrahmalokaṃ upagacchāmīti ābhassarūpago homi .
Vivaṭṭamāneti saṇṭhahamāne , jāyamāneti attho .
Suññaṃ brahmavimānaṃ upapajjāmīti kassaci sattassa tattha nibbattassa abhāvato suññaṃ , yaṃ paṭhamajjhānabhūmisaṅkhātaṃ brahmavimānaṃ ādito nibbattaṃ , taṃ paṭisandhiggahaṇavasena upapajjāmi upemi .
Brahmāti kāmāvacarasattehi seṭṭhaṭṭhena tathā tathā brūhitaguṇatāya brahmavihārato nibbattaṭṭhena ca brahmā .
Brahmapārisajjabrahmapurohitehi mahanto brahmāti mahābrahmā .
Tato eva te abhibhavitvā ṭhitattā
M0.73 abhibhū .Tehi kenaci guṇena na abhibhūtoti anabhibhūto .
Aññadatthūti ekaṃsavacane nipāto .
Dasoti dassanasīlo , so atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ dassanasamattho , abhiññāṇena passitabbaṃ passāmīti attho .
Sesabrahmānaṃ iddhipādabhāvanābalena attano cittañca mama vase vattemīti vasavattī homīti yojetabbaṃ .
Tadā kira bodhisatto aṭṭhasamāpattilābhīpi samāno tathā sattahitaṃ attano pāramiparipūraṇañca olokento tāsu eva dvīsu jhānabhūmīsu nikantiṃ uppādetvā mettābrahmavihāravasena aparāparaṃ saṃsari .
Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ sattavassāni … pe … vasavattī ’’ ti .
Evaṃ bhagavā rūpāvacarapuññassa vipākamahantataṃ pakāsetvā idāni kāmāvacarapuññassāpi taṃ dassento ‘‘ chattiṃsakkhattun ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha sakko ahosin ti chattiṃsa vāre aññattha anupapajjitvā
P1.77 nirantaraṃ sakko devānamindo tāvatiṃsadevarājā ahosi .Rājā ahosin tiādīsu
V0.68 catūhi acchariyadhammehi catūhi ca saṅgahavatthūhi lokaṃ rañjetīti rājā .Cakkaratanaṃ vatteti , catūhi sampatticakkehi vattati , tehi ca paraṃ vatteti , parahitāya ca iriyāpathacakkānaṃ vatto etasmiṃ atthīti cakkavattī .
Rājāti cettha sāmaññaṃ , cakkavattīti visesaṃ .
Dhammena caratīti dhammiko .
Ñāyena samena vattatīti attho .
Dhammeneva rajjaṃ labhitvā rājā jātoti dhammarājā .
Parahitadhammacaraṇena vā dhammiko , attahitadhammacaraṇena dhammarājā , caturantāya issaroti cāturanto , catusamuddantāya catubbidhadīpavibhūsitāya ca pathaviyā issaroti attho .
Ajjhattaṃ kopādipaccatthike , bahiddhā ca sabbarājāno adaṇḍena asatthena vijesīti vijitāvī .
Janapade thāvarabhāvaṃ dhuvabhāvaṃ patto , na sakkā kenaci tato cāletuṃ janapado vā tamhi thāvariyappatto anuyutto sakammanirato acalo asampavedhīti janapadatthāvariyappatto .
Cakkaratanaṃ , hatthiratanaṃ , assaratanaṃ , maṇiratanaṃ , itthiratanaṃ , gahapatiratanaṃ , pariṇāyakaratananti imehi sattahi ratanehi samupetoti sattaratanasamannāgato .
Tesu hi rājā cakkavatti cakkaratanena ajitaṃ jināti , hatthiassaratanehi vijite sukheneva anuvicarati , pariṇāyakaratanena vijitamanurakkhati , sesehi upabhogasukhamanubhavati .
Paṭhamena cassa ussāhasattiyogo
M0.74 , pacchimena mantasattiyogo , hatthiassagahapatiratanehi pabhūsattiyogo suparipuṇṇo hoti , itthimaṇiratanehi tividhasattiyogaphalaṃ .So itthimaṇiratanehi paribhogasukhamanubhavati , sesehi upabhogasukhaṃ .
Visesato cassa purimāni tīṇi adosakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvena sampajjanti , majjhimāni alobhakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvena , pacchimamekaṃ amohakusalamūlajanitakammānubhāvenāti veditabbaṃ padesarajjassāti
P1.78 khuddakarajjassa .Etadahosīti attano sampattiyo paccavekkhantassa pacchime cakkavattikāle etaṃ ‘‘ kissa nu kho me idaṃ kammassa phalan ’’ tiādikaṃ ahosi .
Sabbatthakameva tasmiṃ tasmimpi bhave etadahosiyeva .
Tatthāyaṃ cakkavattikālavasena yojanā .
Evaṃmahiddhikoti maṇiratanahatthiratanādippamukhāya kosavāhanasampattiyā janapadatthāvariyappattiyā ca evaṃmahiddhiko .
Evaṃmahānubhāvoti cakkaratanādisamannāgamena kassacipi pīḷaṃ akarontova sabbarājūhi sirasā sampaṭicchitasāsanavehāsagamanādīhi evaṃ mahānubhāvo .
Dānassāti annādideyyadhammapariccāgassa .
Damassāti cakkhādiindriyadamanassa ceva samādhānavasena rāgādikilesadamanassa ca .
Saṃyamassāti kāyavacīsaṃyamassa .
Tattha yaṃ samādhānavasena kilesadamanaṃ , taṃ bhāvanāmayaṃ puññaṃ
V0.69 , tañca kho mettābrahmavihārabhūtaṃ idhādhippetaṃ .Tasmiñca upacārappanābhedena duvidhe yaṃ appanāppattaṃ , tenassa yathāvuttāsu dvīsu jhānabhūmīsu upapatti ahosi .
Itarena tividhenāpi yathārahaṃ pattacakkavattiādibhāvoti veditabbaṃ .
Iti bhagavā attānaṃ kāyasakkhi katvā puññānaṃ vipākamahantataṃ pakāsetvā idāni tamevatthaṃ gāthābandhena dassento ‘‘ puññamevā ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha puññameva so sikkheyyāti yo atthakāmo kulaputto , so puññaphalanibbattanato , attano santānaṃ punanato ca ‘‘ puññan ’’ ti laddhanāmaṃ tividhaṃ kusalameva sikkheyya niveseyya upacineyya pasaveyyāti attho .
Āyataggan ti vipulaphalatāya uḷāraphalatāya āyataggaṃ , piyamanāpaphalatāya vā āyatiṃ uttamanti āyataggaṃ , āyena vā yonisomanasikārādippaccayena uḷāratamena agganti āyataggaṃ
M0.75 .Takāro padasandhikaro .
Atha vā āyena puññaphalena aggaṃ padhānanti āyataggaṃ .
Tato eva sukhudrayaṃ sukhavipākanti attho .
Katamaṃ pana taṃ puññaṃ , kathañca naṃ sikkheyyāti āha ‘‘ dānañca samacariyañca , mettacittañca bhāvaye ’’ ti .
Tattha samacariyan ti kāyavisamādīni vajjetvā kāyasamādicaritaṃ
P1.79 , suvisuddhaṃ sīlanti attho .Bhāvayeti attano santāne uppādeyya vaḍḍheyya .
Ete dhammeti ete dānādike sucaritadhamme .
Sukhasamuddayeti sukhānisaṃse , ānisaṃsaphalampi nesaṃ sukhamevāti dasseti .
Abyāpajjaṃ sukhaṃ lokan ti kāmacchandādibyāpādavirahitattā abyāpajjaṃ niddukkhaṃ , parapīḷābhāve pana vattabbaṃ natthi .
Jhānasamāpattivasena sukhabahulattā sukhaṃ , ekantasukhañca brahmalokaṃ jhānapuññānaṃ , itarapuññānaṃ pana tadaññaṃ sampattibhavasaṅkhātaṃ sukhaṃ lokaṃ paṇḍito sappañño upapajjati upeti .
Iti imasmiṃ sutte gāthāsu ca vaṭṭasampatti eva kathitā .
Dutiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .