6. Paṭhamasekhasuttavaṇṇanā
16. Chaṭṭhe
V0.54 sekhassāti ettha kenaṭṭhena sekho ?Sekkhadhammapaṭilābhato sekho .
Vuttañhetaṃ –
‘‘ Kittāvatā
P1.61 nu kho , bhante , sekho hotīti ?Idha , bhikkhu , sekhāya sammādiṭṭhiyā samannāgato hoti … pe … sekhena sammāsamādhinā
M0.58 samannāgato hoti .Ettāvatā kho , bhikkhu , sekho hotī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.13).
Apica sikkhatīti sekho .
Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘ Sikkhatīti kho , bhikkhu , tasmā sekhoti vuccati .
Kiñca sikkhati ?
Adhisīlampi sikkhati , adhicittampi sikkhati , adhipaññampi sikkhati .
Sikkhatīti kho , bhikkhu , tasmā sekhoti vuccatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .3.86).
Yopi kalyāṇaputhujjano anulomappaṭipadāya paripūrakārī sīlasampanno indriyesu guttadvāro bhojane mattaññū jāgariyānuyogamanuyutto pubbarattāpararattaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogamanuyutto viharati –
‘‘ ajja vā sve vā aññataraṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ adhigamissāmī ’’ ti , sopi vuccati sikkhatīti sekhoti .
Imasmiṃ atthe na paṭivijjhantova sekho adhippeto , atha kho kalyāṇaputhujjanopi .
Appattaṃ mānasaṃ etenāti appattamānaso .
Mānasan ti ‘‘ antalikkhacaro pāso , yvāyaṃ carati mānaso ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.151; mahāva .33) ettha rāgo mānasanti vutto .
‘‘ Cittaṃ mano mānasan ’’ ti ( dha . sa .63,65) ettha cittaṃ .
‘‘ Appattamānaso sekho , kālaṃ kayirā jane sutā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.159) ettha arahattaṃ .
Idhāpi arahattameva adhippetaṃ .
Tena appattaarahattassāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Anuttaran ti seṭṭhaṃ , asadisanti attho .
Catūhi yogehi khemaṃ anupaddutanti yogakkhemaṃ , arahattameva adhippetaṃ .
Patthayamānassāti dve patthanā taṇhāpatthanā , kusalacchandapatthanā ca .
‘‘ Patthayamānassa hi jappitāni , pavedhitaṃ vāpi pakappitesū ’’ ti ( su . ni .908; mahāni .137) ettha taṇhāpatthanā .
‘‘ Chinnaṃ
V0.55P1.62 pāpimato sotaṃ , viddhastaṃ vinaḷīkataṃ ;Pāmojjabahulā hotha , khemaṃ patthetha bhikkhavo ’’ ti .( ma . ni .1.352);
Ettha kattukamyatākusalacchandapatthanā , ayameva idhādhippetā .
Tena patthayamānassāti taṃ yogakkhemaṃ gantukāmassa tanninnassa tappoṇassa tappabbhārassāti attho .
Viharatoti ekaṃ iriyāpathadukkhaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harato .
Atha vā ‘‘ sabbe
M0.59 saṅkhārā aniccāti adhimuccanto saddhāya viharatī ’’ tiādinā niddesanayena cettha attho daṭṭhabbo .Ajjhattikan ti niyakajjhattasaṅkhāte ajjhatte bhavaṃ ajjhattikaṃ .
Aṅgan ti kāraṇaṃ .
Iti karitvāti evaṃ katvā .
Na aññaṃ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmīti ettha ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – bhikkhave , ajjhattaṃ attano santāne samuṭṭhitaṃ kāraṇanti katvā aññaṃ ekakāraṇampi na samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ bahūpakāraṃ , yathayidaṃ yoniso manasikāroti upāyamanasikāro , pathamanasikāro , aniccādīsu aniccādinayeneva manasikāro , aniccānulomikena vā cittassa āvaṭṭanā anvāvaṭṭanā ābhogo samannāhāro manasikāro .
Ayaṃ yoniso manasikāro .
Idāni yoniso manasikārassa ānubhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ yoniso , bhikkhave , bhikkhu manasi karonto akusalaṃ pajahati , kusalaṃ bhāvetī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Tattha yoniso manasi karontoti ‘‘ idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo ariyasaccaṃ , ayaṃ dukkhanirodho ariyasaccaṃ , ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccan ’’ ti catūsu ariyasaccesu yoniso manasikāraṃ pavattento .
Tatrāyaṃ atthavibhāvanā – yadipi idaṃ suttaṃ avisesena sekkhapuggalavasena āgataṃ , catumaggasādhāraṇavasena pana saṅkhepeneva kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathayissāma .
Yo catusaccakammaṭṭhāniko yogāvacaro ‘‘ taṇhāvajjā
P1.63 tebhūmakā khandhā dukkhaṃ , taṇhā samudayo , ubhinnaṃ appavatti nirodho , nirodhasampāpako maggo ’’ ti evaṃ pubbe eva ācariyasantike uggahitacatusaccakammaṭṭhāno .So aparena samayena vipassanāmaggaṃ samāruḷho samāno tebhūmake khandhe ‘‘ idaṃ dukkhan ’’ ti yoniso manasi karoti , upāyena pathena samannāharati ceva vipassati ca .
Vipassanā hi idha manasikārasīsena vuttā .
Yā panāyaṃ tassa dukkhassa samuṭṭhāpikā purimabhavikā taṇhā , ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti yoniso manasi karoti .
Yasmā pana idaṃ dukkhaṃ , ayañca samudayo idaṃ ṭhānaṃ patvā nirujjhanti na pavattanti , tasmā yadidaṃ nibbānaṃ nāma
V0.56 , ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti yoniso manasi karoti .Nirodhasampāpakaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ ,‘‘ ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ’’ ti yoniso manasi karoti , upāyena pathena samannāharati ceva vipassati ca .
Tatrāyaṃ
M0.60 upāyo – abhiniveso nāma khandhe hoti , na vivaṭṭe , tasmā ayamattho –‘‘ imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu , āpodhātū ’’ tiādinā ( dī . ni .2.378) nayena cattāri mahābhūtāni tadanusārena upādārūpāni ca pariggahetvā ‘‘ ayaṃ rūpakkhandho ’’ ti vavatthapeti .
Taṃ vavatthāpayato uppanne tadārammaṇe cittacetasikadhamme ‘‘ ime cattāro arūpakkhandhā ’’ ti vavatthapeti .
Tato ‘‘ ime pañcakkhandhā dukkhan ’’ ti vavatthapeti .
Te pana saṅkhepato nāmañca rūpañcāti dve bhāgā honti .
Idañca nāmarūpaṃ sahetu sappaccayaṃ uppajjati , tassa ayaṃ avijjābhavataṇhādiko hetu , ayaṃ āhārādiko paccayoti hetuppaccaye vavatthapeti .
So tesaṃ paccayānañca paccayuppannānañca yāthāvasarasalakkhaṇaṃ vavatthapetvā ‘‘ ime dhammā ahutvā bhavanti , hutvā nirujjhanti , tasmā aniccā ’’ ti aniccalakkhaṇaṃ āropeti ,‘‘ udayabbayapaṭipīḷitattā dukkhā ’’ ti dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ āropeti ,‘‘ avasavattanato anattā ’’ ti anattalakkhaṇaṃ āropeti .
Evaṃ tilakkhaṇāni āropetvā vipassanto udayabbayañāṇuppattiyā uppanne obhāsādike vipassanupakkilese ‘ amaggo ’ ti udayabbayañāṇameva ‘‘ ariyamaggassa upāyabhūto pubbabhāgamaggo ’’ ti maggāmaggaṃ vavatthapetvā
P1.64 puna udayabbayañāṇaṃ paṭipāṭiyā bhaṅgañāṇādīni ca uppādento sotāpattimaggādayo pāpuṇāti .Tasmiṃ khaṇe cattāri saccāni ekappaṭivedheneva paṭivijjhati , ekābhisamayena abhisameti .
Tattha dukkhaṃ pariññāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto , samudayaṃ pahānappaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto sabbaṃ akusalaṃ pajahati , nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto maggaṃ bhāvanāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhanto sabbaṃ kusalaṃ bhāveti .
Ariyamaggo hi nippariyāyato kucchitasalanādiatthena kusalo , tasmiñca bhāvite sabbepi kusalā anavajjabodhipakkhiyadhammā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchantīti .
Evaṃ yoniso manasi karonto akusalaṃ pajahati , kusalaṃ bhāveti .
Tathā hi vuttaṃ –
‘‘ idaṃ dukkhanti yoniso manasi karoti , ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti yoniso manasi karotī ’’ tiādi ( ma . ni .1.21).
Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘ yoniso manasikārasampannassetaṃ , bhikkhave , bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvessati , ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bahulīkarissatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.55).
Yoniso
V0.57M0.61 manasikāroti gāthāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – sikkhati , sikkhāpadāni tassa atthi , sikkhanasīloti vā sekho .Saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhatīti bhikkhu .
Tassa sekhassa bhikkhuno uttamatthassa arahattassa pattiyā adhigamāya yathā yoniso manasikāro , evaṃ bahukāro bahūpakāro añño koci dhammo natthi .
Kasmā ?
Yasmā yoniso upāyena manasikāraṃ purakkhatvā padahaṃ catubbidhasammappadhānavasena padahanto , khayaṃ dukkhassa pāpuṇe saṃkilesavaṭṭadukkhassa parikkhayaṃ pariyosānaṃ nibbānaṃ pāpuṇe adhigaccheyya , tasmā yoniso manasikāro bahukāroti .
Chaṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .