189. Idāni
P0.83M0.78V0.77 tadanantare saccavibhaṅge cattārīti gaṇanaparicchedo .
Ariyasaccānīti paricchinnadhammanidassanaṃ .
Dukkhaṃ ariyasaccan tiādimhi pana uddesavāre –
Vibhāgato nibbacana-lakkhaṇādippabhedato ;
Atthatthuddhārato ceva , anūnādhikato tathā .
Kamato ariyasaccesu , yaṃ ñāṇaṃ tassa kiccato ;
Antogadhānaṃ pabhedo , upamāto catukkato .
Suññatekavidhādīhi , sabhāgavisabhāgato ;
Vinicchayo veditabbo , viññunā sāsanakkame .
Tattha ‘ vibhāgato ’ ti dukkhādīnañhi cattāro cattāro atthā vibhattā tathā avitathā anaññathā , ye dukkhādīni abhisamentehi abhisametabbā .
Yathāha ,‘‘ dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho , saṅkhataṭṭho , santāpaṭṭho , vipariṇāmaṭṭho – ime cattāro dukkhassa dukkhaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā .
Samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho , nidānaṭṭho , saṃyogaṭṭho , palibodhaṭṭho … pe … nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho , vivekaṭṭho , asaṅkhataṭṭho , amataṭṭho … pe … maggassa niyyānaṭṭho , hetvaṭṭho , dassanaṭṭho , ādhipateyyaṭṭho – ime cattāro maggassa maggaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .2.8).
TathāV0.78 ‘‘ dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho , saṅkhataṭṭho , santāpaṭṭho , viparināmaṭṭho , abhisamayaṭṭho ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .2.11) evamādi .
Iti evaṃ vibhattānaṃ catunnaṃ catunnaṃ atthānaṃ vasena dukkhādīni veditabbānīti .
Ayaṃ tāvettha vibhāgato vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Nibbacanalakkhaṇādippabhedato ’ tiP0.84 ettha pana ‘ nibbacanato ’ tāva idha ‘ du ’ iti ayaṃ saddo kucchite dissati ;
kucchitañhi puttaṃ duputtoti vadanti .
‘ Khaṃ ’ saddo pana tucche ;
tucchañhi ākāsaṃ khan ti vuccati .
Idañca paṭhamasaccaṃ kucchitaṃ anekaupaddavādhiṭṭhānato , tucchaṃ bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahitato .
Tasmā kucchitattā tucchattā ca dukkhan ti vuccati .
‘ Saṃ ’ iti ca ayaṃM0.79 saddo ‘‘ samāgamo sametan ’’ tiādīsu ( vibha .199; dī . ni .2.396) saṃyogaṃ dīpeti ;
‘ u ’ iti ayaṃ saddo ‘‘ uppannaṃ uditan ’’ tiādīsu ( pārā .172; cūḷani . khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 141) uppattiṃ .
‘ Aya ’ saddo pana kāraṇaṃ dīpeti .
Idañcāpi dutiyasaccaṃ avasesapaccayasamāyoge sati dukkhassuppattikāraṇaṃ .
Iti dukkhassa saṃyoge uppattikāraṇattā dukkhasamudayan ti vuccati .
Tatiyasaccaṃ pana yasmā ‘ ni ’ saddo abhāvaṃ ‘ rodha ’ saddo ca cārakaṃ dīpeti , tasmā abhāvo ettha saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkharodhassa sabbagatisuññattā , samadhigate vā tasmiṃ saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkharodhassa abhāvo hoti tappaṭipakkhattātipi dukkhanirodhan ti vuccati , dukkhassa vā anuppādanirodhapaccayattā dukkhanirodhanti .
Catutthasaccaṃ pana yasmā etaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ gacchati ārammaṇavasena tadabhimukhībhūtattā , paṭipadā ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiyā , tasmā dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti vuccati .
Yasmā panetāni buddhādayo ariyā paṭivijjhanti , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccanti .
Yathāha –
‘‘ catārimāni , bhikkhave , ariyasaccāni ( saṃ . ni .5.1097).
Katamāni … pe … imāni kho , bhikkhave , cattāri ariyasaccāni .
Ariyā imāni paṭivijjhanti , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī ’’ ti .
Apica ariyassa saccānītipi ariyasaccāni .
Yathāha –
‘‘ sadevake , bhikkhave , loke … pe … sadevamanussāya tathāgato ariyo , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī ’’ ti .
Atha vā etesaṃ abhisambuddhattā ariyabhāvasiddhitopi ariyasaccāni .
Yathāha –
‘‘ imesaṃ kho , bhikkhave , catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃV0.79 yathābhūtaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ‘ ariyo ’ ti vuccatī ’’ ti .
Apica kho pana ariyāniP0.85 saccānītipi ariyasaccāni ;
ariyānīti tathāni avitathāni avisaṃvādakānīti attho .
Yathāha –
‘‘ imāni kho , bhikkhave , cattāri ariyasaccāni tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni , tasmā ariyasaccānīti vuccantī ’’ ti .
Evamettha nibbacanato vinicchayo veditabbo .
Kathaṃ ‘ lakkhaṇādippabhedato ’?
Ettha hi bādhanalakkhaṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ , santāpanarasaṃ , pavattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .
Pabhavalakkhaṇaṃ samudayasaccaṃ , anupacchedakaraṇarasaṃ , palibodhapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .
Santilakkhaṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ , accutirasaṃ , animittapaccupaṭṭhānaṃM0.80 .
Niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ maggasaccaṃ , kilesappahānakaraṇarasaṃ , vuṭṭhānapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .
Apica pavattipavattakanivattinivattakalakkhaṇāni paṭipāṭiyā .
Tathā saṅkhatataṇhāasaṅkhatadassanalakkhaṇāni cāti evamettha ‘ lakkhaṇādippabhedato ’ vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Atthatthuddhārato cevā ’ ti ettha pana atthato tāva ko saccaṭṭhoti ce ?
Yo paññācakkhunā upaparikkhamānānaṃ māyāva viparītako , marīcīva visaṃvādako , titthiyānaṃ attāva anupalabbhasabhāvo ca na hoti ;
atha kho bādhanapabhavasantiniyyānappakārena tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvena ariyañāṇassa gocaro hotiyeva ;
esa aggilakkhaṇaṃ viya , lokapakati viya ca tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvo saccaṭṭhoti veditabbo .
Yathāha –
‘‘ idaṃ dukkhanti kho , bhikkhave , tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathametan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1090) vitthāro .
Apica –
Nābādhakaṃ yato dukkhaṃ , dukkhā aññaṃ na bādhakaṃ ;
Bādhakattaniyāmena , tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ .
Taṃ vinā nāññato dukkhaṃ , na hoti na ca taṃ tato ;
Dukkhahetuniyāmena , iti saccaṃ visattikā .
Nāññā nibbānato santi , santaṃ na ca na taṃ yato ;
Santabhāvaniyāmena , tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ .
MaggāV0.80 aññaṃ na niyyānaṃ , aniyyāno na cāpi so ;
Tacchaniyyānabhāvattā , iti so saccasammato .
Iti tacchāvipallāsa-bhūtabhāvaṃ catūsupi ;
Dukkhādīsvavisesena , saccaṭṭhaṃ āhu paṇḍitāti .
EvaṃP0.86 ‘ atthato ’ vinicchayo veditabbo .
Kathaṃ ‘ atthuddhārato ’?
Idhāyaṃ ‘ sacca ’ saddo anekesu atthesu dissati , seyyathidaṃ –
‘‘ saccaṃ bhaṇe , na kujjheyyā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .224) vācāsacce .
‘‘ Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā cā ’’ tiādīsu ( jā .2.21.433) viratisacce .
‘‘ Kasmā nu saccāniM0.81 vadanti nānā , pavādiyāse kusalāvadānā ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .891) diṭṭhisacce .
‘‘ Ekañhi saccaṃ na dutiyamatthī ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .890) paramatthasacce nibbāne ceva magge ca .
‘‘ Catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ kati kusalā ’’ tiādīsu ( vibha .216) ariyasacce .
Svāyamidhāpi ariyasacce vattatīti evamettha ‘ atthuddhārato ’ pi vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Anūnādhikato ’ ti kasmā pana cattāreva ariyasaccāni vuttāni , anūnāni anadhikānīti ce ?
Aññassāsambhavato , aññatarassa ca anapaneyyabhāvato ;
na hi etehi aññaṃ adhikaṃ vā etesaṃ vā ekampi apanetabbaṃ sambhoti .
Yathāha –
‘‘ idha , bhikkhave , āgaccheyya samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘ netaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ .
Ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī ’ ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ tiādi .
Yathā cāha –
‘‘ yo hi koci , bhikkhave , samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃ vadeyya ‘ netaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ .
Ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī ’ ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .5.1086).
Apica pavattimācikkhanto bhagavā sahetukaṃ ācikkhi , nivattiñca saupāyaṃ .
Iti pavattinivattitadubhayahetūnaṃV0.81 etapparamato cattāreva vuttāni .
Tathā pariññeyya pahātabba sacchikātabba bhāvetabbānaṃ , taṇhāvatthutaṇhātaṇhānirodhataṇhānirodhupāyānaṃ , ālayālayarāmatāālayasamugghātaālayasamugghātūpāyānañca vasenāpi cattāreva vuttānīti .
Evamettha ‘ anūnādhikato ’ vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Kamato ’ ti ayampi desanākkamova .
Ettha ca oḷārikattā sabbasattasādhāraṇattā ca suviññeyyanti dukkhasaccaṃ paṭhamaṃP0.87 vuttaṃ , tasseva hetudassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayasaccaṃ , hetunirodhā phalanirodhoti ñāpanatthaṃ tato nirodhasaccaṃ , tadadhigamupāyadassanatthaṃ ante maggasaccaṃ .
Bhavasukhassādagadhitānaṃ vā sattānaṃ saṃvegajananatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dukkhamāha .
Taṃ neva akataṃ āgacchati , na issaranimmānādito hoti , ito pana hotītiM0.82 ñāpanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayaṃ .
Tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibhūtattā saṃviggamānasānaṃ dukkhanissaraṇagavesīnaṃ nissaraṇadassanena assāsajananatthaṃ nirodhaṃ .
Tato nirodhādhigamatthaṃ nirodhasampāpakaṃ magganti evamettha ‘ kamato ’ vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Ariyasaccesu yaṃ ñāṇaṃ tassa kiccato ’ ti saccañāṇakiccatopi vinicchayo veditabboti attho .
Duvidhañhi saccañāṇaṃ – anubodhañāṇañca paṭivedhañāṇañca .
Tattha anubodhañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ anussavādivasena nirodhe magge ca pavattati .
Paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ nirodhārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccato cattāripi saccāni paṭivijjhati .
Yathāha –
‘‘ yo , bhikkhave , dukkhaṃ passati dukkhasamudayampi so passati , dukkhanirodhampi passati , dukkhanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadampi passatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1100) sabbaṃ vattabbaṃ .
Yaṃ panetaṃ lokiyaṃ , tattha dukkhañāṇaṃ pariyuṭṭhānābhibhavanavasena pavattamānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ nivatteti , samudayañāṇaṃ ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ , nirodhañāṇaṃ sassatadiṭṭhiṃ , maggañāṇaṃ akiriyadiṭṭhiṃ ;
dukkhañāṇaṃ vā dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvarahitesu khandhesu dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvasaññāsaṅkhātaṃ phale vippaṭipattiṃ , samudayañāṇaṃ issarappadhānakālasabhāvādīhi loko pavattatīti akāraṇe kāraṇābhimānappavattaṃ hetumhi vippaṭipattiṃ , nirodhañāṇaṃ arūpalokalokathūpikādīsu apavaggaggāhabhūtaṃ nirodhe vippaṭipattiṃ , maggañāṇaṃ kāmasukhallikaattakilamathānuyogappabhedeP0.88 avisuddhimagge visuddhimaggaggāhavasena pavattaṃ upāye vippaṭipattiṃ nivatteti .
Tenetaṃ vuccati –
LokeV0.82 lokappabhave , lokatthagame sive ca tadupāye ;
Sammuyhati tāva naro , na vijānāti yāva saccānīti .
Evamettha ‘ ñāṇakiccato ’ pi vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Antogadhānaṃ pabhedā ’ ti dukkhasaccasmiñhi , ṭhapetvā taṇhañceva anāsavadhamme ca , sesā sabbadhammā antogadhā ;
samudayasacce chattiṃsa taṇhāvicaritāni ;
nirodhasaccaṃ asammissaṃ ;
maggasacce sammādiṭṭhimukhena vīmaṃsiddhipādapaññindriyapaññābaladhammavicayasambojjhaṅgāni .
Sammāsaṅkappāpadesena tayo nekkhammavitakkādayo , sammāvācāpadesena cattāri vacīsucaritāni , sammākammantāpadesena tīṇi kāyasucaritāni , sammāājīvamukhena appicchatā santuṭṭhitāM0.83 ca , sabbesaṃyeva vā etesaṃ sammāvācākammantājīvānaṃ ariyakantasīlattā sīlassa ca saddhāhatthena paṭiggahetabbattā tesaṃ atthitāya ca atthibhāvato saddhindriyasaddhābalachandiddhipādā , sammāvāyāmāpadesena catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyindriyavīriyabalavīriyasambojjhaṅgāni , sammāsatiapadesena catubbidhasatipaṭṭhānasatindriyasatibalasatisambojjhaṅgāni , sammāsamādhiapadesena savitakkasavicārādayo tayo tayo samādhī , cittasamādhisamādhindriyasamādhibalapītipassaddhisamādhiupekkhāsambojjhaṅgāni antogadhānīti .
Evamettha ‘ antogadhānaṃ pabhedā ’ pi vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Upamāto ’ ti bhāro viya hi dukkhasaccaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ , bhārādānamiva samudayasaccaṃ , bhāranikkhepanamiva nirodhasaccaṃ , bhāranikkhepanūpāyo viya maggasaccaṃ ;
rogo viya ca dukkhasaccaṃ , roganidānamiva samudayasaccaṃ , rogavūpasamo viya nirodhasaccaṃ , bhesajjamiva maggasaccaṃ ;
dubbhikkhamiva vā dukkhasaccaṃ , dubbuṭṭhi viya samudayasaccaṃ , subhikkhamiva nirodhasaccaṃP0.89 , suvuṭṭhi viya maggasaccaṃ .
Apica verīveramūlaverasamugghātaverasamugghātupāyehi , visarukkharukkhamūlamūlupacchedatadupacchedupāyehi , bhayabhayamūlanibbhayatadadhigamupāyehi , orimatīramahoghapārimatīrataṃsampāpakavāyāmehi ca yojetvāpetāni upamāto veditabbānīti .
Evamettha ‘ upamāto ’ vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Catukkato ’ ti atthi cettha dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ , atthi ariyasaccaṃ na dukkhaṃ , atthi dukkhañcevaV0.83 ariyasaccañca , atthi neva dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ .
Esa nayo samudayādīsu .
Tattha maggasampayuttā dhammā sāmaññaphalāni ca ‘‘ yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.15) vacanato saṅkhāradukkhatāya dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ .
Nirodho ariyasaccaṃ na dukkhaṃ .
Itaraṃ pana ariyasaccadvayaṃ siyā dukkhaṃ aniccato , na pana yassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati tathatthena .
Sabbākārena pana upādānakkhandhapañcakaṃ dukkhañceva ariyasaccañca aññatra taṇhāya .
Maggasampayuttā dhammā sāmaññaphalāni ca yassa pariññatthaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati tathatthena neva dukkhaṃ na ariyasaccaṃ .
Evaṃ samudayādīsupi yathāyogaṃ yojetvā ‘ catukkato ’ pettha vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Suññatekavidhādīhī ’ tiM0.84 ettha suññato tāva paramatthena hi sabbāneva saccāni vedakakārakanibbutagamakābhāvato suññānīti veditabbāni .
Tenetaṃ vuccati –
Dukkhameva hi na koci dukkhito , kārako na kiriyāva vijjati ;
Atthi nibbuti na nibbuto pumā , maggamatthi gamako na vijjatīti .
Atha vā –
Dhuvasubhasukhattasuññaṃ , purimadvayamattasuññamamatapadaṃ ;
Dhuvasukhaattavirahito , maggo iti suññato tesu .
NirodhasuññāniP0.90 vā tīṇi , nirodho ca sesattayasuñño .
Phalasuñño vā ettha hetu samudaye dukkhassābhāvato magge ca nirodhassa , na phalena sagabbho pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya .
Hetusuññañca phalaṃ dukkhasamudayānaṃ nirodhamaggānañca asamavāyā , na hetusamavetaṃ hetuphalaṃ hetuphalasamavāyavādīnaṃ dviaṇukādīni viya .
Tenetaṃ vuccati –
Tayamidha nirodhasuññaṃ , tayena tenāpi nibbuti suññā ;
Suñño phalena hetu , phalampi taṃ hetunā suññanti .
EvaṃV0.84 tāva ‘ suññato ’ vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Ekavidhādīhī ’ ti sabbameva cettha dukkhaṃ ekavidhaṃ pavattibhāvato , duvidhaṃ nāmarūpato , tividhaṃ kāmarūpārūpūpapatibhavabhedato , catubbidhaṃ catuāhārabhedato , pañcavidhaṃ pañcupādānakkhandhabhedato .
Samudayopi ekavidho pavattakabhāvato , duvidho diṭṭhisampayuttāsampayuttato , tividho kāmabhavavibhavataṇhābhedato , catubbidho catumaggappaheyyato , pañcavidho rūpābhinandanādibhedato , chabbidho chataṇhākāyabhedato .
Nirodhopi ekavidho asaṅkhatadhātubhāvato , pariyāyena pana duvidho saupādisesaanupādisesato , tividho bhavattayavūpasamato , catubbidho catumaggādhigamanīyato , pañcavidho pañcābhinandanavūpasamato , chabbidho chataṇhākāyakkhayabhedato .
Maggopi ekavidho bhāvetabbato , duvidho samathavipassanābhedato dassanabhāvanābhedato vāM0.85 , tividho khandhattayabhedato .
Ayañhi sappadesattā nagaraṃ viya rajjena nippadesehi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahito .
Yathāha –
‘‘ Na kho , āvuso visākha , ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena tayo khandhā saṅgahitā .
Tīhi ca kho , āvuso visākha , khandhehi ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅgahito .
Yā cāvuso visākha , sammāvācā , yo ca sammākammanto , yo ca sammāājīvo – ime dhammā sīlakkhandhe saṅgahitā ;
yo ca sammāvāyāmo , yā ca sammāsati , yo ca sammāsamādhi – ime dhammā samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitā ;
yā ca sammādiṭṭhi , yo ca sammāsaṅkappo – ime dhammā paññākkhandheP0.91 saṅgahitā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.462).
Ettha hi sammāvācādayo tayo sīlameva .
Tasmā te sajātito sīlakkhandhena saṅgahitā .
Kiñcāpi hi pāḷiyaṃ sīlakkhandheti bhummena niddeso kato , attho pana karaṇavaseneva veditabbo .
Sammāvāyāmādīsu pana tīsu samādhi attano dhammatāya ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ na sakkoti , vīriye pana paggahakiccaṃ sādhente satiyā ca apilāpanakiccaṃ sādhentiyā laddhūpakāro hutvā sakkoti .
Tatrāyaṃ upamā – yathā hi nakkhattaṃ kīḷissāmāti uyyānaṃ paviṭṭhesu tīsu sahāyesu eko supupphitaṃ campakarukkhaṃ disvā hatthaṃ ukkhipitvāpi gahetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya .
Athassa dutiyoV0.85 onamitvā piṭṭhiṃ dadeyya .
So tassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvāpi kampamāno gahetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya .
Athassa itaro aṃsakūṭaṃ upanāmeyya .
So ekassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvā ekassa aṃsakūṭaṃ olubbha yathāruci pupphāni ocinitvā piḷandhitvā nakkhattaṃ kīḷeyya .
Evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Ekato uyyānaṃ paviṭṭhā tayo sahāyā viya hi ekato jātā sammāvāyāmādayo tayo dhammā , supupphitacampakarukkho viya ārammaṇaṃ , hatthaṃ ukkhipitvāpi gahetuṃ asakkonto viya attano dhammatāya ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ asakkonto samādhi , piṭṭhiṃ datvā onatasahāyo viya vāyāmo , aṃsakūṭaṃ datvā ṭhitasahāyoM0.86 viya sati .
Yathā tesu ekassa piṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhatvā ekassa aṃsakūṭaṃ olubbha itaro yathāruci pupphaṃ gahetuṃ sakkoti , evameva vīriye paggahakiccaṃ sādhente satiyā ca apilāpanakiccaṃ sādhentiyā laddhūpakāro samādhi sakkoti ārammaṇe ekaggabhāvena appetuṃ .
Tasmā samādhiyevettha sajātito samādhikkhandhena saṅgahito .
Vāyāmasatiyo pana kiriyato saṅgahitā honti .
Sammādiṭṭhisammāsaṅkappesupi paññā attano dhammatāya ‘ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā ’ ti ārammaṇaṃ nicchetuṃ na sakkoti , vitakke pana ākoṭetvā ākoṭetvā dente sakkoti .
Kathaṃ ?
Yathā hi heraññiko kahāpaṇaṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā sabbabhāgesuP0.92 oloketukāmo samānopi na cakkhutaleneva parivattetuṃ sakkoti , aṅgulipabbehi pana parivattetvā parivattetvā ito cito ca oloketuṃ sakkoti ;
evameva na paññā attano dhammatāya aniccādivasena ārammaṇaṃ nicchetuṃ sakkoti , abhiniropanalakkhaṇena pana āhananapariyāhananarasena vitakkena ākoṭentena viya parivattentena viya ca ādāya ādāya dinnameva nicchetuṃ sakkoti .
Tasmā idhāpi sammādiṭṭhiyeva sajātito paññākkhandhena saṅgahitā , sammāsaṅkappo pana kiriyato saṅgahito hoti .
Iti imehi tīhi khandhehi maggo saṅgahaṃ gacchati .
Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘ tividho khandhattayabhedato ’’ ti .
Catubbidho sotāpattimaggādivasena .
Apica sabbāneva saccāni ekavidhāni avitathattā abhiññeyyattā vā , duvidhāni lokiyalokuttarato saṅkhatāsaṅkhatato ca , tividhāni dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbato appahātabbato nevapahātabbanāpahātabbatoV0.86 ca , catubbidhāni pariññeyyādibhedatoti .
Evamettha ‘ ekavidhādīhi ’ vinicchayo veditabbo .
‘ Sabhāgavisabhāgato ’ ti sabbāneva ca saccāni aññamaññaṃ sabhāgāni avitathato attasuññato dukkarapaṭivedhato ca .
Yathāha –
‘‘ Taṃ kiṃ maññasi , ānanda , katamaṃ nu kho dukkarataraṃ vā durabhisambhavataraṃ vā – yo dūratova sukhumena tālacchiggaḷena asanaṃ atipāteyya poṅkhānupoṅkhaṃ avirādhitaṃ , yo vā sattadhāM0.87 bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyā ’’ ti ?
‘‘ Etadeva , bhante , dukkaratarañceva durabhisambhavatarañca – yo sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyā ’’ ti .
‘‘ Tato kho te , ānanda , duppaṭivijjhataraṃ paṭivijjhanti ye idaṃ dukkhanti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhanti … pe … ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhantī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1115).
Visabhāgāni salakkhaṇavavatthānato .
Purimāni ca dve sabhāgāni duravagāhatthena gambhīrattā lokiyattā sāsavattā ca , visabhāgāni phalahetubhedatoP0.93 pariññeyyappahātabbato ca .
Pacchimānipi dve sabhāgāni gambhīratthena duravagāhattā lokuttarattā anāsavattā ca , visabhāgāni visayavisayībhedato sacchikātabbabhāvetabbato ca .
Paṭhamatatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni phalāpadesato , visabhāgāni saṅkhatāsaṅkhatato .
Dutiyacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni hetuapadesato , visabhāgāni ekantakusalākusalato .
Paṭhamacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni saṅkhatato , visabhāgāni lokiyalokuttarato .
Dutiyatatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni nevasekkhānāsekkhabhāvato , visabhāgāni sārammaṇānārammaṇato .
Iti evaṃ pakārehi , nayehi ca vicakkhaṇo ;
Vijaññā ariyasaccānaṃ , sabhāgavisabhāgatanti .
Suttantabhājanīyauddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .
1. Dukkhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā
Jātiniddeso 190. Idāni
V0.87 saṅkhepato uddiṭṭhāni dukkhādīni vibhajitvā dassetuṃ ayaṃ tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ jātipi dukkhāti niddesavāro āraddho .
Tattha jāti veditabbā , jātiyā dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ;
jarā , maraṇaṃ , sokoM0.88 , paridevo , dukkhaṃ , domanassaṃ , upāyāso , appiyasampayogo , piyavippayogo veditabbo ;
appiyasampayogassa piyavippayogassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ;
icchā veditabbā , icchāya dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ;
khandhā veditabbā , khandhānaṃ dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo .
Tattha dukkhassa ariyasaccassa kathanatthāya ayaṃ mātikā – idañhi dukkhaṃ nāma anekaṃ nānappakāraṃ , seyyathidaṃ – dukkhadukkhaṃ , vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ , saṅkhāradukkhaṃ , paṭicchannadukkhaṃ , appaṭicchannadukkhaṃ , pariyāyadukkhaṃ , nippariyāyadukkhanti .Tattha kāyikacetasikā dukkhavedanā sabhāvato ca nāmato ca dukkhattā ‘ dukkhadukkhaṃ ’ nāma .
Sukhavedanā vipariṇāmena dukkhuppattihetuto ‘ vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ ’ nāma .
Upekkhāvedanā ceva avasesā ca tebhūmakā saṅkhārā udayabbayapīḷitattā ‘ saṅkhāradukkhaṃ ’ nāma .
Tathā pīḷanaṃ pana maggaphalānampi atthi .
Tasmā ete dhammā dukkhasaccapariyāpannattena saṅkhāradukkhaṃ nāmāti veditabbā .
Kaṇṇasūladantasūlarāgajapariḷāhadosajapariḷāhādi kāyikacetasiko ābādho pucchitvā jānitabbato
P0.94 upakkamassa ca apākaṭabhāvato ‘ paṭicchannadukkhaṃ ’ nāma , apākaṭadukkhantipi vuccati .
Dvattiṃsakammakāraṇādisamuṭṭhāno ābādho apucchitvāva jānitabbato upakkamassa ca pākaṭabhāvato ‘ appaṭicchannadukkhaṃ ’ nāma , pākaṭadukkhantipi vuccati .
Ṭhapetvā dukkhadukkhaṃ sesaṃ dukkhasaccavibhaṅge āgataṃ jātiādi sabbampi tassa tassa dukkhassa vatthubhāvato ‘ pariyāyadukkhaṃ ’ nāma .
Dukkhadukkhaṃ ‘ nippariyāyadukkhaṃ ’ nāma .
Tattha pariyāyadukkhaṃ nippariyāyadukkhanti imasmiṃ padadvaye ṭhatvā dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ kathetabbaṃ .
Ariyasaccañca nāmetaṃ pāḷiyaṃ saṅkhepatopi āgacchati vitthāratopi .
Saṅkhepato āgataṭṭhāne saṅkhepenapi vitthārenapi kathetuṃ vaṭṭatiV0.88 .
Vitthārato āgataṭṭhāne pana vitthāreneva kathetuṃ vaṭṭati , na saṅkhepena .
Taṃ idaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne vitthārena āgatanti vitthāreneva kathetabbaṃ .
Tasmā yaṃ taṃ niddesavāre ‘‘ tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ?
Jātipi dukkhā ’’ tiādīni padāni gahetvā ‘‘ jāti veditabbā , jātiyā dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Tattha jātiādīni tāva ‘‘ tattha katamā jāti ?
Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjātī ’’ ti imassa pana padabhājanīyassa vasena veditabbāni . 191. Tatrāyaṃ
M0.89 atthavaṇṇanā – tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānan ti ayaṃ saṅkhepato anekesaṃ sattānaṃ sādhāraṇaniddeso .
Yā devadattassa jāti , yā somadattassa jātīti evañhi divasampi kathiyamāne neva sattā pariyādānaṃ gacchanti , na sabbaṃ aparatthadīpanaṃ sijjhati .
Imehi pana dvīhi padehi na koci satto apariyādinno hoti , na kiñci aparatthadīpanaṃ na sijjhati .
Tena vuttaṃ –
‘‘ yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānan ’’ ti .
Tamhi tamhīti ayaṃ jātigativasena anekesaṃ sattanikāyānaṃ sādhāraṇaniddeso .
Sattanikāyeti sattānaṃ nikāye , sattaghaṭāyaṃ sattasamūheti attho .
Jātīti ayaṃ jātisaddo anekattho .
Tathā hesa ‘‘ ekampi jātiṃ , dvepi jātiyo ’’ ti ( pārā .12; ma . ni .2.257) ettha bhave āgato .
‘‘ Atthi visākheP0.95 , nigaṇṭhā nāma samaṇajātikā ’’ ti ( a . ni .3.71) ettha nikāye .
‘‘ Tiriyā nāma tiṇajāti nābhiyā uggantvā nabhaṃ āhacca ṭhitā ahosī ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.196) ettha paññattiyaṃ .
‘‘ Jāti dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitā ’’ ti ( dhātu .71) ettha saṅkhatalakkhaṇe .
‘‘ Yaṃ , bhikkhave , mātukucchimhi paṭhamaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ , paṭhamaṃ viññāṇaṃ pātubhūtaṃ , tadupādāya sāvassa jātī ’’ ti ( mahāva .124) ettha paṭisandhiyaṃ .
‘‘ Sampatijāto , ānanda , bodhisatto ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.207) ettha pasūtiyaṃ .
‘‘ Anupakkuṭṭho jātivādenā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.331) ettha kule .
‘‘ Yatohaṃ , bhagini , ariyāya jātiyā jāto ’’ ti ( ma . ni .2.351) ettha ariyasīle .
Idha panāyaṃ savikāresu paṭhamābhinibbattakkhandhesu vattati .
Tasmā jāyamānakavasena jātīti idamettha sabhāvapaccattaṃ .
Sañjāyanavasena sañjātīti upasaggena padaṃ vaḍḍhitaṃ .
Okkamanavasena okkanti .
Jāyanaṭṭhena vā jāti , sā aparipuṇṇāyatanavasena yuttā .
Sañjāyanaṭṭhena sañjāti , sā paripuṇṇāyatanavasena yuttā .
Okkamanaṭṭhena okkanti , sā aṇḍajajalābujavasena yuttā .
Te hi aṇḍakosañca vatthikosañcaV0.89 okkamanti , okkamantāpi pavisantā viya paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhanti .
Abhinibbattanaṭṭhena abhinibbatti .
Sā saṃsedajaopapātikavasena yuttā .
Te hi pākaṭā eva hutvā nibbattanti .
Ayaṃ tāva sammutikathā .
IdāniM0.90 paramatthakathā hoti .
Khandhā eva hi paramatthato pātubhavanti , na sattā .
Tattha ca khandhānan ti ekavokārabhave ekassa , catuvokārabhave catunnaṃ , pañcavokārabhave pañcannaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Pātubhāvoti uppatti .
Āyatanānan ti ettha tatra tatra uppajjamānāyatanavasena saṅgaho veditabbo .
Paṭilābhoti santatiyaṃ pātubhāvoyeva ;
pātubhavantāneva hi tāni paṭiladdhāni nāma honti .
Ayaṃ vuccati jātīti ayaṃ jāti nāma kathiyati .
Sā panesā tattha tattha bhave paṭhamābhinibbattilakkhaṇā , nīyyātanarasā , atītabhavato idha ummujjanapaccupaṭṭhānā , phalavasena dukkhavicittatāpaccupaṭṭhānā vā .
Idāni ‘ jātiyā dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’ ti ayañhi jāti sayaṃ na dukkhā , dukkhuppattiyā pana vatthubhāvena dukkhātiP0.96 vuttā .
Kataradukkhassa panāyaṃ vatthūti ?
Yaṃ taṃ bālapaṇḍitasuttādīsu ( ma . ni .3.246 ādayo ) bhagavatāpi upamāvasena pakāsitaṃ āpāyikaṃdukkhaṃ , yañca sugatiyaṃ manussaloke gabbhokkantimūlakādibhedaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati , tassa sabbassāpi esā vatthu .
Tatridaṃ gabbhokkantimūlakādibhedaṃ dukkhaṃ – ayañhi satto mātukucchimhi nibbattamāno na uppalapadumapuṇḍarīkādīsu nibbattati .
Atha kho heṭṭhā āmāsayassa upari pakkāsayassa udarapaṭalapiṭṭhikaṇḍakānaṃ vemajjhe paramasambādhe tibbandhakāre nānākuṇapagandhaparibhāvite asuciparamaduggandhapavanavicarite adhimattajegucche kucchippadese pūtimacchapūtikummāsacandanikādīsu kimi viya nibbattati .
So tattha nibbatto dasa māse mātukucchisambhavena usmanā puṭapākaṃ viya paccamāno piṭṭhapiṇḍi viya sediyamāno samiñjanapasāraṇādirahito adhimattaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhotīti .
Idaṃ tāva ‘ gabbhokkantimūlakaṃ ’ dukkhaṃ .
Yaṃ pana so mātu sahasā upakkhalanagamananisīdanauṭṭhānaparivattanādīsu surādhuttahatthagato eḷako viya ahiguṇṭhikahatthagato sappapotako viya ca ākaḍḍhanaparikaḍḍhanaodhunananiddhunanādinā upakkamena adhimattaṃ dukkhamanubhavati , yañca mātu sītudakapānakāle sītanarakūpapannoV0.90 viya , uṇhayāgubhattādiajjhoharaṇakāle aṅgāravuṭṭhisamparikiṇṇo viya , loṇambilādiajjhoharaṇakāle khārāpaṭicchakādikammakāraṇappatto viya tibbaṃ dukkhamanubhoti – idaṃ ‘ gabbhapariharaṇamūlakaṃ ’ dukkhaṃ .
YaṃM0.91 panassa mūḷhagabbhāya mātuyā mittāmaccasuhajjādīhipi adassanārahe dukkhuppattiṭṭhāne chedanaphālanādīhi dukkhaṃ uppajjati – idaṃ ‘ gabbhavipattimūlakaṃ ’ dukkhaṃ .
Yaṃ vijāyamānāya mātuyā kammajehi vātehi parivattetvā narakapapātaṃ viya atibhayānakaṃ yonimaggaṃ paṭipātiyamānassaP0.97 paramasambādhena yonimukhena tāḷacchiggaḷena viya nikkaḍḍhiyamānassa mahānāgassa narakasattassa viya ca saṅghāṭapabbatehi vicuṇṇiyamānassa dukkhaṃ uppajjati – idaṃ ‘ vijāyanamūlakaṃ ’ dukkhaṃ .
Yaṃ pana jātassa taruṇavaṇasadisassa sukumārasarīrassa hatthaggahaṇanhāpanadhovanacoḷaparimajjanādikāle sūcimukhakhuradhāravijjhanaphālanasadisaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati – idaṃ mātukucchito ‘ bahi nikkhamanamūlakaṃ ’ dukkhaṃ .
Yaṃ tato paraṃ pavattiyaṃ attanāva attānaṃ vadhantassa , acelakavatādivasena ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyuttassa , kodhavasena abhuñjantassa , ubbandhantassa ca dukkhaṃ hoti – idaṃ ‘ attūpakkamamūlakaṃ ’ dukkhaṃ .
Yaṃ pana parato vadhabandhanādīni anubhavantassa dukkhaṃ uppajjati – idaṃ ‘ parūpakkamamūlakaṃ ’ dukkhanti .
Iti imassa sabbassāpi dukkhassa ayaṃ jāti vatthumeva hotīti .
Tenetaṃ vuccati –
Jāyetha no ce narakesu satto ,
Tatthaggidāhādikamappasayhaṃ ;
Labhetha dukkhaṃ nu kuhiṃ patiṭṭhaṃ ,
Iccāha dukkhāti munīdha jāti .
Dukkhaṃ tiracchesu kasāpatoda-
Daṇḍābhighātādibhavaṃ anekaṃ ;
YaṃV0.91 taṃ kathaṃ tattha bhaveyya jātiṃ ,
Vinā tahiṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā .
Petesu dukkhaṃ pana khuppipāsā-
Vātātapādippabhavaṃ vicittaṃ ;
Yasmā ajātassa na tattha atthi ,
Tasmāpi dukkhaṃ muni jātimāha .
TibbandhakāreM0.92 ca asayhasīte ,
Lokantare yaṃ asuresu dukkhaṃ ;
Na taṃ bhave tattha na cassa jāti ,
Yato ayaṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā .
YañcāpiP0.98 gūthanarake viya mātugabbhe ,
Satto vasaṃ ciramato bahi nikkhamanañca ;
Pappoti dukkhamatighoramidampi natthi ,
Jātiṃ vinā itipi jātirayañhi dukkhā .
Kiṃ bhāsitena bahunā nanu yaṃ kuhiñci ,
Atthīdha kiñcidapi dukkhamidaṃ kadāci ;
Nevatthi jātivirahe yadato mahesī ,
Dukkhāti sabbapaṭhamaṃ imamāha jātinti .
Jarāniddeso 192. Jarā niddese jarāti sabhāvapaccattaṃ .
Jīraṇatāti ākāraniddeso .
Khaṇḍiccan tiādayo tayo kālātikkame kiccaniddesā .
Pacchimā dve pakatiniddesā .
Ayañhi jarāti iminā padena sabhāvato dīpitā , tenassā idaṃ sabhāvapaccattaṃ .
Jīraṇatāti iminā ākārato
V0.92 , tenassāyaṃ ākāraniddeso .
Khaṇḍiccanti iminā kālātikkame dantanakhānaṃ khaṇḍitabhāvakaraṇakiccato .
Pāliccan ti iminā kesalomānaṃ palitabhāvakaraṇakiccato .
Valittacatāti iminā maṃsaṃ milāpetvā tace valittabhāvakaraṇakiccato dīpitā .
Tenassā ime khaṇḍiccanti ādayo tayo kālātikkame kiccaniddesā .
Tehi imesaṃ vikārānaṃ dassanavasena pākaṭībhūtāti pākaṭajarā dassitā .
Yatheva hi udakassa vā vātassa vā aggino vā tiṇarukkhādīnaṃ saṃsaggapalibhaggatāya vā jhāmatāya vā gatamaggo pākaṭo hoti , na ca so gatamaggo tāneva udakādīni , evameva jarāya dantādīsu khaṇḍiccādivasena gatamaggo pākaṭo , cakkhuṃ ummīletvāpi gayhati .
Na ca khaṇḍiccādīneva jarā ;
na hi jarā cakkhuviññeyyā hoti .
ĀyunoM0.93 saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripākoti imehi pana padehi kālātikkameyeva abhibyattāya āyukkhayacakkhādiindriyaparipākasaṅkhātāya pakatiyā dīpitā .
Tenassime pacchimā dve pakatiniddesāti veditabbā .
Tattha yasmā jaraṃ pattassa āyu hāyati tasmā jarā ‘‘ āyuno saṃhānī ’’ ti phalūpacārena vuttā .
Yasmā daharakāle suppasannāni sukhumampiP0.99 attano visayaṃ sukheneva gaṇhanasamatthāni cakkhādīni indriyāni jaraṃ pattassa paripakkāni āluḷitāni avisadāni oḷārikampi attano visayaṃ gahetuṃ asamatthāni honti , tasmā ‘‘ indriyānaṃ paripāko ’’ ti phalūpacāreneva vuttā .
Sā panesā evaṃ niddiṭṭhā sabbāpi jarā pākaṭā paṭicchannāti duvidhā hoti .
Tattha dantādīsu khaṇḍādibhāvadassanato rūpadhammesu jarā ‘ pākaṭajarā ’ nāma .
Arūpadhammesu pana jarā tādisassa vikārassa adassanato ‘ paṭicchannajarā ’ nāma .
Tattha yvāyaṃ khaṇḍādibhāvo dissati , so tādisānaṃ dantādīnaṃ suviññeyyattā vaṇṇoyeva .
Taṃ cakkhunā disvā manodvārena cintetvā ‘‘ ime dantā jarāya pahaṭā ’’ ti jaraṃ jānāti , udakaṭṭhāne baddhāni gosiṅgādīni oloketvā heṭṭhā udakassa atthibhāvaṃ jānanaṃ viya .
Puna avīci savīcīti evampi ayaṃ jarā duvidhā hoti .
Tattha maṇikanakarajatapavāḷacandasūriyādīnaṃ mandadasakādīsu pāṇīnaṃ viya ca pupphaphalapallavādīsu apāṇīnaṃ viya ca antarantarā vaṇṇavisesādīnaṃ dubbiññeyyattā jarā ‘ avīcijarā ’ nāma , nirantarajarāti attho .
Tato aññesu pana yathāvuttesu antarantarā vaṇṇavisesādīnaṃ suviññeyyattā jarā ‘ savīcijarā ’ nāma .
TatthaV0.93 savīcijarā upādinnānupādinnakavasena evaṃ dīpetabbā – daharakumārakānañhi paṭhamameva khīradantā nāma uṭṭhahanti , na te thirā .
Tesu pana patitesu puna dantā uṭṭhahanti .
Te paṭhamameva setā honti , jarāvātena pana pahaṭakāle kāḷakā honti .
Kesā pana paṭhamameva tambāpi honti kāḷakāpi setāpi .
Chavi pana salohitikā hoti .
Vaḍḍhantānaṃ vaḍḍhantānaṃ odātānaṃ odātabhāvo , kāḷakānaṃ kāḷakabhāvo paññāyati , jarāvātena pana pahaṭakāle vaḷiṃ gaṇhāti .
Sabbampi sassaṃ vapitakāle setaṃ hoti , pacchā nīlaṃ , jarāvātena pana pahaṭakāle paṇḍukaṃ hoti .
Ambaṅkurenāpi dīpetuṃ vaṭṭati eva .
Ayaṃ vuccati jarāti ayaṃM0.94 jarā nāma kathiyati .
Sā panesāP0.100 khandhaparipākalakkhaṇā , maraṇūpanayanarasā , yobbanavināsapaccupaṭṭhānā .
‘ Jarāya dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’ ti ettha pana ayampi sayaṃ na dukkhā , dukkhassa pana vatthubhāvena dukkhāti vuttā .
Katarassa dukkhassa ?
Kāyadukkhassa ceva domanassadukkhassa ca .
Jiṇṇassa hi attabhāvo jarasakaṭaṃ viya dubbalo hoti , ṭhātuṃ vā gantuṃ vā nisīdituṃ vā vāyamantassa balavaṃ kāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati ;
puttadāre yathāpure asallakkhente domanassaṃ uppajjati .
Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhāti veditabbā .
Apica –
Aṅgānaṃ sithilabhāvā , indriyānaṃ vikārato ;
Yobbanassa vināsena , balassa upaghātato .
Vippavāsā satādīnaṃ , puttadārehi attano ;
Apasādanīyato ceva , bhīyyo bālattapattiyā .
Pappoti dukkhaṃ yaṃ macco , kāyikaṃ mānasaṃ tathā ;
Sabbametaṃ jarāhetu , yasmā tasmā jarā dukhāti .
Maraṇaniddeso 193. Maraṇa niddese cavanakavasena cuti ;
ekacatupañcakkhandhāya cutiyā sāmaññavacanametaṃ .
Cavanatāti bhāvavacanena lakkhaṇanidassanaṃ .
Bhedoti cutikhandhānaṃ bhaṅguppattiparidīpanaṃ
V0.94 .
Antaradhānan ti ghaṭassa viya bhinnassa bhinnānaṃ cutikhandhānaṃ yena kenaci pariyāyena ṭhānābhāvaparidīpanaṃ .
Maccu maraṇan ti maccusaṅkhātaṃ maraṇaṃ .
Kālo nāma antako , tassa kiriyā kālakiriyā .
Ettāvatā sammutiyā maraṇaṃ dīpitaṃ hoti .
Idāni paramatthena dīpetuṃ khandhānaṃ bhedotiādimāha .
Paramatthena hi khandhāyeva bhijjanti , na satto nāma koci marati .
Khandhesu pana bhijjamānesu satto marati bhinnesu matoti vohāro hoti .
Ettha ca catupañcavokāravasena khandhānaṃ bhedo , ekavokāravasena kaḷevarassa nikkhepo ;
catuvokāravasena vā khandhānaṃ bhedo , sesadvayavasenaP0.101 kaḷevarassaM0.95 nikkhepo veditabbo .
Kasmā ?
Bhavadvayepi rūpakāyasaṅkhātassa kaḷevarassa sambhavato .
Yasmā vā cātumahārājikādīsu khandhā bhijjanteva , na kiñci nikkhipati , tasmā tesaṃ vasena khandhānaṃ bhedo .
Manussādīsu kaḷevarassa nikkhepo .
Ettha ca kaḷevarassa nikkhepakaraṇato maraṇaṃ ‘‘ kaḷevarassa nikkhepo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Jīvitindriyassa upacchedoti iminā indriyabaddhasseva maraṇaṃ nāma hoti , anindriyabaddhassa maraṇaṃ nāma natthīti dasseti .
‘ Sassaṃ mataṃ , rukkho mato ’ ti idaṃ pana vohāramattameva .
Atthato pana evarūpāni vacanāni sassādīnaṃ khayavayabhāvameva dīpenti .
Idaṃ vuccati maraṇan ti idaṃ sabbampi maraṇaṃ nāma kathiyati .
Apicettha khaṇikamaraṇaṃ , sammutimaraṇaṃ , samucchedamaraṇanti ayampi bhedo veditabbo .
Tattha ‘ khaṇikamaraṇaṃ ’ nāma pavatte rūpārūpadhammānaṃ bhedo .
‘ Tisso mato , phusso mato ’ ti idaṃ ‘ sammutimaraṇaṃ ’ nāma .
Khīṇāsavassa appaṭisandhikā kālakiriyā ‘ samucchedamaraṇaṃ ’ nāma .
Imasmiṃ panatthe sammutimaraṇaṃ adhippetaṃ .
Jātikkhayamaraṇaṃ , upakkamamaraṇaṃ , sarasamaraṇaṃ , āyukkhayamaraṇaṃ , puññakkhayamaraṇantipi tasseva nāmaṃ .
Tayidaṃ cutilakkhaṇaṃ , viyogarasaṃ , vippavāsapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .
‘ Maraṇassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’ ti ettha pana idampi sayaṃ na dukkhaṃ , dukkhassa pana vatthubhāvena dukkhanti vuttaṃ .
Maraṇantikāpi hi sārīrikā vedanā , paṭivāte gahitā ādittatiṇukkāV0.95 viya , sarīraṃ nidahanti .
Narakanimittādīnaṃ upaṭṭhānakāle balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati .
Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhanti veditabbaṃ .
Api ca –
Pāpassa pāpakammādi , nimittamanupassato ;
Bhaddassāpasahantassa , viyogaṃ piyavatthukaṃ .
MīyamānassaP0.102 yaṃ dukkhaṃ , mānasaṃ avisesato ;
Sabbesañcāpi yaṃ sandhi-bandhanacchedanādikaṃ .
Vitujjamānamammānaṃ , hoti dukkhaṃ sarīrajaṃ ;
Asayhamappaṭikāraṃ , dukkhassetassidaṃ yato ;
Maraṇaṃ vatthu tenetaṃ , dukkhamicceva bhāsitanti .
ApicaM0.96 imāni jātijarāmaraṇāni nāma imesaṃ sattānaṃ vadhakapaccāmittā viya otāraṃ gavesantāni vicaranti .
Yathā hi purisassa tīsu paccāmittesu otārāpekkhesu vicarantesu eko vadeyya –
‘‘ ahaṃ asukaaraññassa nāma vaṇṇaṃ kathetvā etaṃ ādāya tattha gamissāmi , ettha mayhaṃ dukkaraṃ natthī ’’ ti .
Dutiyo vadeyya ‘‘ ahaṃ tava etaṃ gahetvā gatakāle pothetvā dubbalaṃ karissāmi , ettha mayhaṃ dukkaraṃ natthī ’’ ti .
Tatiyo vadeyya –
‘‘ tayā etasmiṃ pothetvā dubbale kate tiṇhena asinā sīsacchedanaṃ nāma mayhaṃ bhāro hotū ’’ ti .
Te evaṃ vatvā tathā kareyyuṃ .
Tattha paṭhamapaccāmittassa araññassa vaṇṇaṃ kathetvā taṃ ādāya tattha gatakālo viya suhajjañātimaṇḍalato nikkaḍḍhitvā yattha katthaci nibbattāpanaṃ nāma jātiyā kiccaṃ .
Dutiyassa pothetvā dubbalakaraṇaṃ viya nibbattakkhandhesu nipatitvā parādhīnamañcaparāyaṇabhāvakaraṇaṃ jarāya kiccaṃ .
Tatiyassa tiṇhena asinā sīsacchedanaṃ viya jīvitakkhayapāpanaṃ maraṇassa kiccanti veditabbaṃ .
Apicettha jātidukkhaṃ sādīnavamahākantārappaveso viya daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Jarādukkhaṃ tattha annapānarahitassaV0.96 dubbalyaṃ viya daṭṭhabbaṃ .
Maraṇadukkhaṃ dubbalassa iriyāpathapavattane vihataparakkamassa vāḷādīhi anayabyasanāpādanaṃ viya daṭṭhabbanti . 194. Soka niddese byasatīti byasanaṃ ;
hitasukhaṃ khipati viddhaṃsetīti attho .
Ñātīnaṃ byasanaṃ ñātibyasanaṃ ;
corarogabhayādīhi ñātikkhayo ñātivināsoti attho .
Tena ñātibyasanena phuṭṭhassāti
P0.103 ajjhotthaṭassa abhibhūtassa samannāgatassāti attho .
Sesesupi eseva nayo .
Ayaṃ pana viseso – bhogānaṃ byasanaṃ bhogabyasanaṃ ;
rājacorādivasena bhogakkhayo bhogavināsoti attho .
Rogoyeva byasanaṃ rogabyasanaṃ ;
rogo hi ārogyaṃ byasati vināsetīti byasanaṃ .
Sīlassa byasanaṃ sīlabyasanaṃ ;
dussīlyassetaṃ nāmaṃ .
Sammādiṭṭhiṃ vināsayamānā uppannā diṭṭhiyeva byasanaṃ diṭṭhibyasanaṃ .
Ettha ca purimāni dve anipphannāni , pacchimāni tīṇi nipphannāni tilakkhaṇabbhāhatāni .
Purimāni ca tīṇi neva kusalāni na akusalāni .
Sīladiṭṭhibyasanadvayaṃ akusalaṃ .
AññataraññatarenātiM0.97 gahitesu vā yena kenaci aggahitesu vā mittāmaccabyasanādīsu yena kenaci .
Samannāgatassāti samanubandhassa aparimuccamānassa .
Aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammenāti yena kenaci sokadukkhassa uppattihetunā .
Sokoti socanakavasena soko ;
idaṃ tehi kāraṇehi upajjanakasokassa sabhāvapaccattaṃ .
Socanāti socanākaro .
Socitattan ti socitabhāvo .
Antosokoti abbhantare soko .
Dutiyapadaṃ upasaggavasena vaḍḍhitaṃ .
So hi abbhantare sukkhāpento viya parisukkhāpento viya uppajjatīti ‘‘ antosoko antoparisoko ’’ ti vuccati .
Cetaso parijjhāyanāti cittassa jhāyanākāro .
Soko hi uppajjamāno aggi viya cittaṃ jhāpeti paridahati ,‘‘ cittaṃ me jhāmaṃ , na me kiñci paṭibhātī ’’ ti vadāpeti .
Dukkhito mano dummano , tassa bhāvo domanassaṃ .
Anupaviṭṭhaṭṭhena sokova sallanti sokasallaṃ .
Ayaṃ vuccati sokoti ayaṃ soko nāma kathiyati .
So panāyaṃ kiñcāpi atthato domanassavedanāvaV0.97 hoti , evaṃP0.104 santepi antonijjhānalakkhaṇo , cetaso parinijjhāyanaraso , anusocanapaccupaṭṭhāno .
‘ Sokassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’ ti ettha pana ayaṃ sabhāvadukkhattā ceva dukkhassa ca vatthubhāvena dukkhoti vutto .
Kataradukkhassāti ?
Kāyikadukkhassa ceva javanakkhaṇe ca domanassadukkhassa .
Sokavegena hi hadaye mahāgaṇḍo uṭṭhahitvā paripaccitvā bhijjati , mukhato vā kāḷalohitaṃ nikkhamati , balavaṃ kāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati .
‘‘ Ettakā me ñātayo khayaṃ gatā , ettakā me bhogā ’’ ti cintentassa ca balavaṃ domanassaṃ uppajjati .
Iti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvenapesa dukkhoti veditabbo .
Apica –
Sattānaṃ hadayaṃ soko , sallaṃ viya vitujjati ;
Aggitattova nārāco , bhusañca ḍahate puna .
Samāvahati ca byādhi-jarāmaraṇabhedanaṃ ;
Dukkhampi vividhaṃ yasmā , tasmā dukkhoti vuccatīti .
Paridevaniddeso 195. Parideva niddese
M0.98 ‘ mayhaṃ dhītā , mayhaṃ putto ’ ti evaṃ ādissa ādissa devanti rodanti etenāti ādevo .
‘ Paridevassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’ ti ettha pana ayampi sayaṃ na dukkho , kāyadukkhadomanassadukkhānaṃ pana vatthubhāvena dukkhoti vutto .
Paridevanto hi attano khandhaṃ muṭṭhīhiV0.98 potheti , ubhohi hatthehi uraṃ paharatiP0.105 piṃsati , sīsena bhittiyā saddhiṃ yujjhati .
Tenassa balavaṃ kāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati .
‘ Ettakā me ñātayo khayaṃ vayaṃ abbhatthaṃ gatā ’ tiādīni cinteti .
Tenassa balavaṃ domanassaṃ uppajjati .
Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhoti veditabbo .
Apica –
Yaṃ sokasallavihato paridevamāno ,
Kaṇṭhoṭṭhatālutalasosajamappasayhaṃ ;
Bhiyyodhimattamadhigacchatiyeva dukkhaṃ ,
Dukkhoti tena bhagavā paridevamāhāti .
DukkhadomanassaniddesoTaṃ taṃ vaṇṇaṃ parikittetvā parikittetvā devanti etenāti paridevo .
Tato parāni dve dve padāni purimadvayasseva ākārabhāvaniddesavasena vuttāni .
Vācāti vacanaṃ .
Palāpoti tucchaṃ niratthakavacanaṃ .
Upaḍḍhabhaṇitaaññabhaṇitādivasena virūpo palāpo vippalāpo .
Lālappoti punappunaṃ lapanaṃ .
Lālappanākāro lālappanā .
Lālappitassa bhāvo lālappitattaṃ .
Ayaṃ vuccati paridevoti ayaṃ paridevo nāma kathiyati .
So lālappanalakkhaṇo , guṇadosaparikittanaraso , sambhamapaccupaṭṭhāno .
198. Upāyāsa niddese
P0.106 āyāsanaṭṭhena āyāso ;
saṃsīdanavisīdanākārappavattassa cittakilamathassetaṃ nāmaṃ .Balavaṃ āyāso upāyāso .
Āyāsitabhāvo āyāsitattaṃ .
Upāyāsitabhāvo upāyāsitattaṃ .
Ayaṃ vuccati upāyāsoti ayaṃ upāyāso nāma kathiyati .
So panesa byāsattilakkhaṇo , nitthunanaraso , visādapaccupaṭṭhāno .
‘ Upāyāsassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’ ti ettha pana ayampi sayaṃ na dukkho , ubhinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhoti vutto .
Kupitena hi raññā issariyaṃ acchinditvā hataputtabhātikānaṃ āṇattavadhānaṃ bhayena aṭaviṃ pavisitvā nilīnānaṃ mahāvisādappattānaṃ dukkhaṭṭhānena dukkhaseyyāya dukkhanisajjāya balavaṃ kāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati .
‘ Ettakā no ñātakā , ettakā bhogā naṭṭhā ’ ti cintentānaṃ balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati .
Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhoti veditabboti .
Apica –
Cittassa
M0.100 paridahanā , kāyassa visādanā ca adhimattaṃ ;
Yaṃ dukkhamupāyāso , janeti dukkho tato vutto .
Ettha ca mandagginā antobhājaneyeva telādīnaṃ pāko viya soko .
Tikkhagginā paccamānassa bhājanato bahinikkhamanaṃ viya paridevo .
Bahinikkhantāvasesassa nikkhamitumpi appahontassa antobhājaneyeva yāva parikkhayā pāko viya upāyāso daṭṭhabbo .
Appiyasampayoganiddeso 199. Appiyasampayoga niddese
V0.100 yassāti ye assa .
Aniṭṭhāti apariyesitā .
Pariyesitā vā hontu apariyesitā vā , nāmamevetaṃ amanāpārammaṇānaṃ .
Manasmiṃ na kamanti , na pavisantīti akantā .
Manasmiṃ na appiyanti , na vā manaṃ vaḍḍhentīti amanāpā .
Rūpātiādi tesaṃ sabhāvanidassanaṃ .
Anatthaṃ kāmenti icchantīti anatthakāmā .
Ahitaṃ kāmenti icchantīti ahitakāmā .
Aphāsukaṃ dukkhavihāraṃ kāmenti icchantīti aphāsukakāmā .
CatūhiP0.107 yogehi khemaṃ nibbhayaṃ vivaṭṭaṃ na icchanti , sabhayaṃ vaṭṭameva nesaṃ kāmenti icchantīti āyogakkhemakāmā .
Apica saddhādīnaṃ vuddhisaṅkhātassa atthassa akāmanato tesaṃyeva hānisaṅkhātassa anatthassa ca kāmanato anatthakāmā .
Saddhādīnaṃyeva upāyabhūtassa hitassa akāmanato saddhāhāniādīnaṃ upāyabhūtassa ahitassa ca kāmanato ahitakāmā .
Phāsukavihārassa akāmanato aphāsukavihārassa ca kāmanato aphāsukakāmā .
Yassa kassaci nibbhayassa akāmanato bhayassa ca kāmanato ayogakkhemakāmāti evampettha attho daṭṭhabbo .Saṅgatīti gantvā saṃyogo .
Samāgamoti āgatehi saṃyogo .
Samodhānan ti ṭhānanisajjādīsu sahabhāvo .
Missībhāvoti sabbakiccānaṃ sahakaraṇaṃ .
Ayaṃ sattavasena yojanā .
Saṅkhāravasena pana yaṃ labbhati taṃ gahetabbaṃ .
Ayaṃ vuccatīti ayaṃ appiyasampayogo nāma kathiyati .
So aniṭṭhasamodhānalakkhaṇo , cittavighātakaraṇaraso , anatthabhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno .
So
M0.101 atthato eko dhammo nāma natthi .
Kevalaṃ appiyasampayuttānaṃ duvidhassāpi dukkhassa vatthubhāvato dukkhoti vutto .
Aniṭṭhāni hi vatthūni samodhānagatāni vijjhanachedanaphālanādīhi kāyikampi dukkhaṃ uppādenti , ubbegajananato mānasampi .
Tenetaṃ vuccati –
Disvāva appiye dukkhaṃ , paṭhamaṃ hoti cetasi ;
Tadupakkamasambhūta-matha kāye yato idha .
TatoV0.101 dukkhadvayassāpi , vatthuto so mahesinā ;
Dukkho vuttoti viññeyyo , appiyehi samāgamoti .
Piyavippayoganiddeso 200. Piyavippayoga niddeso vuttapaṭipakkhanayena veditabbo .
Mātā vātiādi panettha atthakāme sarūpena dassetuṃ vuttaṃ .
Tattha mamāyatīti mātā .
Piyāyatīti
P0.108 pitā .
Bhajatīti bhātā .
Tathā bhaginī .
Mettāyantīti mittā , minantīti vā mittā ;
sabbaguyhesu anto pakkhipantīti attho .
Kiccakaraṇīyesu sahabhāvaṭṭhena amā hontīti amaccā .
Ayaṃ amhākaṃ ajjhattikoti evaṃ jānanti ñāyantīti vā ñātī .
Lohitena sambandhāti sālohitā .
Evametāni padāni atthato veditabbāni .Ayaṃ vuccatīti ayaṃ piyehi vippayogo nāma kathiyati .
So iṭṭhavatthuviyogalakkhaṇo , sokuppādanaraso , byasanapaccupaṭṭhāno .
So atthato eko dhammo nāma natthi .
Kevalaṃ piyavippayuttānaṃ duvidhassāpi dukkhassa vatthubhāvato dukkhoti vutto .
Iṭṭhāni hi vatthūni viyujjamānāni sarīrassa sosanamilāpanādibhāvena kāyikampi dukkhaṃ uppādenti ,‘ yampi no ahosi , tampi no natthī ’ ti anusocāpanato mānasampi .
Tenetaṃ vuccati –
Ñātidhanādiviyogā , sokasarasamappitā vitujjanti ;
Bālā yato tato yaṃ , dukkhoti mato piyaviyogoti .
Icchāniddeso
Yampicchan ti yenapi dhammena alabbhaneyyaṃ vatthuṃ icchanto na labhati , taṃ alabbhaneyyavatthuicchanaṃ dukkhanti veditabbaṃ .
201. Icchā niddese jātidhammānan ti jātisabhāvānaṃ jātipakatikānaṃ .
Icchā uppajjatīti taṇhā uppajjati .
Aho vatāti patthanā .
Na
M0.102 kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabban ti yaṃ etaṃ ‘‘ aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma , na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā ’’ ti evaṃ pahīnasamudayesu sādhūsu vijjamānaṃ ajātidhammattaṃ , parinibbutesu ca vijjamānaṃ jātiyā anāgamanaṃ icchitaṃ , taṃ icchantassāpi maggabhāvanāya vinā apattabbato anicchantassa ca bhāvanāya pattabbato na icchāya pattabbaṃ nāma hoti .Idampīti etampi ;
upari sesāni upādāya
V0.102 pikāro .Jarādhammānan tiādīsupi
P0.109 eseva nayo .
Evamettha alabbhaneyyavatthūsu icchāva ‘‘ yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhan ’’ ti vuttā .
Sā alabbhaneyyavatthuicchanalakkhaṇā , tappariyesanarasā , tesaṃ appattipaccupaṭṭhānā .
Dvinnaṃ pana dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvato dukkhāti vuttā .
Ekacco hi rājā bhavissatīti sambhāvito hoti .
So chinnabhinnagaṇena parivārito pabbatavisamaṃ vā vanagahanaṃ vā pavisati .
Atha rājā taṃ pavattiṃ ñatvā balakāyaṃ peseti .
So rājapurisehi nihataparivāro sayampi laddhappahāro palāyamāno rukkhantaraṃ vā pāsāṇantaraṃ vā pavisati .
Tasmiṃ samaye mahāmegho uṭṭhahati , tibbandhakārā kāḷavaddalikā hoti .
Atha naṃ samantato kāḷakipillikādayo pāṇā parivāretvā gaṇhanti .
Tenassa balavakāyadukkhaṃ uppajjati .
‘ Maṃ ekaṃ nissāya ettakā ñātī ca bhogā ca vinaṭṭhā ’ ti cintentassa balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati .
Iti ayaṃ icchā imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhāti veditabbā .
Apica –
Taṃ taṃ patthayamānānaṃ , tassa tassa alābhato ;
Yaṃ vighātamayaṃ dukkhaṃ , sattānaṃ idha jāyati .
Alabbhaneyyavatthūnaṃ , patthanā tassa kāraṇaṃ ;
Yasmā tasmā jino dukkhaṃ , icchitālābhamabravīti .
Upādānakkhandhaniddeso 202. Upādānakkhandha niddese saṃkhittenāti desanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ .
Dukkhañhi ettakāni dukkhasatānīti vā ettakāni dukkhasahassānīti vā ettakāni dukkhasatasahassānīti
M0.103 vā saṃkhipituṃ na sakkā , desanā pana sakkā , tasmā ‘‘ dukkhaṃ nāma aññaṃ kiñci natthi , saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā ’’ ti desanaṃ saṅkhipento evamāha .Seyyathidan ti nipāto ;
tassa te katameti ceti attho .
Rūpūpādānakkhandhotiādīnaṃ attho khandhavibhaṅge vaṇṇitoyeva .
‘ Khandhānaṃ
V0.103 dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo ’ ti ettha pana –
JātippabhutikaṃP0.110 dukkhaṃ , yaṃ vuttaṃ idha tādinā ;
Avuttaṃ yañca taṃ sabbaṃ , vinā ete na vijjati .
Yasmā tasmā upādāna-kkhandhā saṅkhepato ime ;
Dukkhāti vuttā dukkhanta-desakena mahesinā .
Tathā hi indhanamiva pāvako , lakkhamiva paharaṇāni , gorūpamiva ḍaṃsamakasādayo , khettamiva lāvakā , gāmaṃ viya gāmaghātakā , upādānakkhandhapañcakameva jātiādayo nānappakārehi bādhayamānā , tiṇalatādīni viya bhūmiyaṃ , pupphaphalapallavādīni viya rukkhesu , upādānakkhandhesuyeva nibbattanti .
Upādānakkhandhānañca ādidukkhaṃ jāti , majjhedukkhaṃ jarā , pariyosānadukkhaṃ maraṇaṃ .
Māraṇantikadukkhābhighātena pariḍayhamānadukkhaṃ soko , tadasahanato lālappanadukkhaṃ paridevo .
Tato dhātukkhobhasaṅkhātaaniṭṭhaphoṭṭhabbasamāyogato kāyassa ābādhanadukkhaṃ dukkhaṃ .
Tena bādhiyamānānaṃ puthujjanānaṃ tattha paṭighuppattito cetobādhanadukkhaṃ domanassaṃ .
Sokādivuḍḍhiyā janitavisādānaṃ anutthunanadukkhaṃ upāyāso .
Manorathavighātappattānaṃ icchāvighātadukkhaṃ icchitālābhoti evaṃ nānappakārato upaparikkhiyamānā upādānakkhandhāva dukkhāti yadetaṃ ekamekaṃ dassetvā vuccamānaṃ anekehi kappehi na sakkā asesato vattuṃ , taṃ sabbampi dukkhaṃ ekajalabindumhi sakalasamuddajalarasaṃ viya yesu kesuci pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu saṅkhipitvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā ’’ ti bhagavā avocāti .
Dukkhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .
2. Samudayasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā 203. Samudayasacca niddese
M0.104 yāyaṃ taṇhāti yā ayaṃ taṇhā .Ponobbhavikāti punabbhavakaraṇaṃ
V0.104 punobbhavo , punobbhavo sīlamassāti ponobbhavikā .
Apica punabbhavaṃP0.111 deti , punabbhavāya saṃvattati , punappunaṃ bhave nibbattetīti ponobbhavikā .
Sā panesā punabbhavassa dāyikāpi atthi adāyikāpi , punabbhavāya saṃvattanikāpi atthi asaṃvattanikāpi , dinnāya paṭisandhiyā upadhivepakkamattāpi .
Sā punabbhavaṃ dadamānāpi adadamānāpi , punabbhavāya saṃvattamānāpi asaṃvattamānāpi , dinnāya paṭisandhiyā upadhivepakkamattāpi ponobbhavikā evāti nāmaṃ labhati .
Abhinandanasaṅkhātena nandirāgena sahagatāti nandirāgasahagatā , nandirāgena saddhiṃ atthato ekattameva gatāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Tatratatrābhinandinīti yatra yatra attabhāvo tatratatrābhinandinī , rūpādīsu vā ārammaṇesu tatratatrābhinandinī ;
rūpābhinandinī saddagandharasaphoṭṭhabbadhammābhinandinīti attho .
Seyyathidan ti nipāto ;
tassa sā katamāti ceti attho .
Kāmataṇhāti kāme taṇhā kāmataṇhā ;
pañcakāmaguṇikarāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .
Bhave taṇhā bhavataṇhā ;
bhavapatthanāvasena uppannassa sassatadiṭṭhisahagatassa rūpārūpabhavarāgassa ca jhānanikantiyā cetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .
Vibhave taṇhā vibhavataṇhā ;
ucchedadiṭṭhisahagatassa rāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .Idāni tassā taṇhāya vatthuṃ vitthārato dassetuṃ sā kho panesātiādimāha .
Tattha uppajjatīti jāyati .
Nivisatīti punappunaṃ pavattivasena patiṭṭhahati .
Yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpan ti yaṃ lokasmiṃ piyasabhāvañceva madhurasabhāvañca .
Cakkhuṃ loketiādīsu lokasmiñhi cakkhādīsu mamattena abhiniviṭṭhā sattā sampattiyaṃ patiṭṭhitā attano cakkhuṃ ādāsādīsu nimittaggahaṇānusārena vippasannapañcapasādaṃ suvaṇṇavimāne ugghāṭitamaṇisīhapañjaraṃ viya maññanti , sotaṃ rajatapanāḷikaṃ viya pāmaṅgasuttakaṃ viya ca
P0.112 maññanti , tuṅganāsāti laddhavohāraṃ ghānaṃ vaṭṭetvā ṭhapitaharitālavaṭṭiṃ viya maññanti , jivhaṃ rattakambalapaṭalaṃ viya mudusiniddhamadhurarasadaṃ maññanti , kāyaṃ sālalaṭṭhiṃ viya suvaṇṇatoraṇaṃ viya ca maññanti , manaṃ aññesaṃ manena asadisaṃ uḷāraṃ maññanti , rūpaṃ suvaṇṇakaṇikārapupphādivaṇṇaṃ viyaM0.105 , saddaṃ mattakaravīkakokilamandadhamitamaṇivaṃsanigghosaṃ viya , attanā paṭiladdhāni catusamuṭṭhānikagandhārammaṇādīni ‘ kassa aññassa evarūpāni atthī ’ ti maññanti .
Tesaṃ evaṃ maññamānānaṃ tāni cakkhādīni piyarūpāni ceva honti sātarūpāni ca .
Atha nesaṃ tattha anuppannā ceva taṇhā uppajjati , uppannā ca punappunaṃ pavattivasena nivisati .
Tasmā bhagavā –
‘‘ cakkhuṃ lokeV0.105 piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ .Etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha uppajjamānāti yadā uppajjati tadā ettha uppajjatīti attho .
Esa nayo sabbatthāpīti .
Samudayasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .
3. Nirodhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā
204. Nirodhasacca niddese yo tassāyeva taṇhāyāti ettha ‘ yo tasseva dukkhassā ’ ti vattabbe yasmā samudayanirodheneva dukkhaṃ nirujjhati no aññathā , yathāha –
‘‘ Yathāpi mūle anupaddave daḷhe ,
Chinnopi rukkho punareva rūhati ;
Evampi taṇhānusaye anūhate ,
Nibbattati dukkhamidaṃ punappunan ’’ ti .( dha . pa .338);
Tasmā taṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ dassento samudayanirodhena dassetuṃ evamāha .
Sīhasamānavuttino hi tathāgatā .
Te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca dassentā hetumhi paṭipajjanti , na phale .
Suvānavuttino pana aññatitthiyā .
Te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca dassentā attakilamathānuyogena
P0.113 ceva tasseva ca desanāya phale paṭipajjanti , na hetumhīti . 204. Nirodhasacca niddese yo tassāyeva taṇhāyāti ettha ‘ yo tasseva dukkhassā ’ ti vattabbe yasmā samudayanirodheneva dukkhaṃ nirujjhati no aññathā , yathāha –
‘‘ Yathāpi mūle anupaddave daḷhe ,
Chinnopi rukkho punareva rūhati ;
Evampi taṇhānusaye anūhate ,
Nibbattati dukkhamidaṃ punappunan ’’ ti .( dha . pa .338);
Tasmā taṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ dassento samudayanirodhena dassetuṃ evamāha .
Sīhasamānavuttino hi tathāgatā .
Te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca dassentā hetumhi paṭipajjanti , na phale .
Suvānavuttino pana aññatitthiyā .
Te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca dassentā attakilamathānuyogena
P0.113 ceva tasseva ca desanāya phale paṭipajjanti , na hetumhīti .
Sīhasamānavuttitāya satthā hetumhi paṭipajjanto yo tassāyevātiādimāha .
Tattha tassāyevāti yā sā uppatti nivesavasena heṭṭhā pakāsitā tassāyeva .
Asesavirāganirodhotiādīni sabbāni nibbānavevacanānevaM0.106 .
Nibbānañhi āgamma taṇhā asesā virajjati nirujjhati .
Tasmā taṃ ‘‘ tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho ’’ ti vuccati .
Nibbānañca āgamma taṇhā cajiyati , paṭinissajjiyati , muccati , na alliyati .
Tasmā nibbānaṃ ‘‘ cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo ’’ ti vuccati .
Ekameva hiV0.106 nibbānaṃ .
Nāmāni panassa sabbasaṅkhatānaṃ nāmapaṭipakkhavasena anekāni nibbānavevacanāneva honti , seyyathidaṃ – asesavirāganirodho , cāgo , paṭinissaggo , mutti , anālayo , rāgakkhayo , dosakkhayo , mohakkhayo , taṇhākkhayo , anuppādo , appavattaṃ , animittaṃ , appaṇihitaṃ , anāyūhanaṃ , appaṭisandhi , anupapatti , agati , ajātaṃ , ajaraṃ , abyādhi , amataṃ , asokaṃ , aparidevaṃ , anupāyāsaṃ , asaṃkiliṭṭhantiādīni .Idāni maggena chinnāya nibbānaṃ āgamma appavattipattāyapi ca taṇhāya yesu vatthūsu tassā uppatti dassitā , tattheva abhāvaṃ dassetuṃ sā kho panesātiādimāha .
Tattha yathā puriso khette jātaṃ tittaalābuvalliṃ disvā aggato paṭṭhāya mūlaṃ pariyesitvā chindeyya , sā anupubbena milāyitvā appavattiṃ gaccheyya .
Tato tasmiṃ khette tittaalābu niruddhā pahīnāti vucceyya .
Evameva khette tittaalābu viya cakkhādīsu taṇhā .
Sā ariyamaggena mūlacchinnā nibbānaṃ āgamma appavattiṃ gacchati .
Evaṃ gatā pana tesu vatthūsu khette tittaalābu viya na paññāyati .
Yathā ca aṭavito core ānetvā nagarassa dakkhiṇadvāre ghāteyyuṃ , tato aṭaviyaṃ corā matāti vā māritāti vā vucceyyuṃ ;
evameva aṭaviyaṃ corā viya yā cakkhādīsu taṇhā , sā dakkhiṇadvāre corā viya nibbānaṃ āgamma niruddhattā nibbāne niruddhā .
Evaṃ niruddhā pana tesu vatthūsu aṭaviyaṃ
P0.114 corā viya na paññāyati .Tenassā tattheva nirodhaṃ dassento ‘‘ cakkhuṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ , etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati , ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhatī ’’ tiādimāha .
Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti .
Tenassā tattheva nirodhaṃ dassento ‘‘ cakkhuṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ , etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati , ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhatī ’’ tiādimāha .
Sesamettha uttānatthamevāti .
Nirodhasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .
4. Maggasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā
205. Maggasacca niddese
M0.107 ayamevāti aññamaggapaṭikkhepanatthaṃ niyamanaṃ .
Ariyoti taṃtaṃmaggavajjhehi kilesehi ārakattā ariyabhāvakarattā ariyaphalapaṭilābhakarattā ca ariyo .
Aṭṭhaṅgāni assāti aṭṭhaṅgiko .
Svāyaṃ caturaṅgikā viya senā , pañcaṅgikaṃ viya tūriyaṃ aṅgamattamevaV0.107 hoti , aṅgavinimutto natthi .
Nibbānatthikehi maggīyati , nibbānaṃ vā maggati , kilese vā mārento gacchatīti maggo .
Seyyathidan ti so katamoti ceti attho .
Idāni aṅgamattameva maggo hoti , aṅgavinimmutto natthīti dassento sammādiṭṭhi … pe … sammāsamādhīti āha .Tattha sammā dassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi .
Sammādiṭṭhi niddese ‘‘ dukkhe ñāṇan ’’ tiādinā catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ dassitaṃ .
Tattha purimāni dve saccāni vaṭṭaṃ , pacchimāni vivaṭṭaṃ .
Tesu bhikkhuno vaṭṭe kammaṭṭhānābhiniveso hoti , vivaṭṭe natthi abhiniveso .
Purimāni hi dve saccāni ‘‘ pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ , taṇhā samudayo ’’ ti evaṃ saṅkhepena ca ‘‘ katame pañcakkhandhā ?
Rūpakkhandho ’’ tiādinā nayena vitthārena ca ācariyassa santike uggaṇhitvā vācāya punappunaṃ parivattento yogāvacaro kammaṃ karoti ;
itaresu pana dvīsu saccesu ‘‘ nirodhasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ , maggasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpan ’’ ti evaṃ savaneneva kammaṃ karoti .
So evaṃ kammaṃ karonto cattāri saccāni ekena paṭivedhena paṭivijjhati , ekābhisamayena abhisameti ;
dukkhaṃ
P0.117 pariññāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati , samudayaṃ pahānapaṭivedhena , nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyapaṭivedhena , maggaṃ bhāvanāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati ;
dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena … pe … maggaṃ bhāvanābhisamayena abhisameti .
Evamassa pubbabhāge dvīsu saccesu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇasammasanapaṭivedho hoti , dvīsu savanapaṭivedhoyeva ;
aparabhāge tīsu kiccato paṭivedho hoti , nirodhe ārammaṇapaṭivedho .
Tattha sabbampi paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ , savanadhāraṇasammasanañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ kāmāvacaraṃ , paccavekkhaṇā pana pattasaccassa hoti .
Ayañca ādikammiko .
Tasmā sā idha na vuttā .
Imassa ca bhikkhuno pubbe pariggahato ‘ dukkhaṃ parijānāmiM0.110 , samudayaṃ pajahāmi , nirodhaṃ sacchikaromi , maggaṃ bhāvemī ’ ti ābhogasamannāhāramanasikārapaccavekkhaṇā natthi , pariggahato paṭṭhāya hoti ;
aparabhāge pana dukkhaṃ pariññātameva hoti … pe … maggo bhāvitova hoti .
Tattha dve saccāni duddasattā gambhīrāni , dve gambhīrattā duddasāni .
Dukkhasaccañhi uppattito pākaṭaṃ ;
khāṇukaṇṭakappahārādīsu ‘ aho dukkhan ’ ti vattabbatampi āpajjati .
SamudayampiV0.110 khāditukāmatābhuñjitukāmatādivasena uppattito pākaṭaṃ .
Lakkhaṇapaṭivedhato pana ubhayampi gambhīraṃ .
Iti tāni duddasattā gambhīrāni .
Itaresaṃ pana dvinnaṃ dassanatthāya payogo bhavaggagahaṇatthaṃ hatthappasāraṇaṃ viya , avīciphusanatthaṃ pādappasāraṇaṃ viya , satadhā bhinnavālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭipādanaṃ viya ca hoti .
Iti tāni gambhīrattā duddasāni .
Evaṃ duddasattā gambhīresu gambhīrattā ca duddasesu catūsu saccesu uggahādivasena pubbabhāgañāṇuppattiṃ sandhāya idaṃ ‘‘ dukkhe ñāṇan ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .
Paṭivedhakkhaṇe pana ekameva ñāṇaṃ hoti .Sammā abhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkappo .
Sammāsaṅkappa niddese kāmato nissaṭoti nekkhammasaṅkappo .
Byāpādato nissaṭoti abyāpādasaṅkappo .
Vihiṃsāya nissaṭoti avihiṃsāsaṅkappo .
Tattha nekkhammavitakko kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto
P0.118 uppajjati , abyāpādavitakko byāpādavitakkassa , avihiṃsāvitakko vihiṃsāvitakkassa .
Nekkhammavitakko ca kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati , abyāpādaavihiṃsāvitakkā byāpādavihiṃsāvitakkānaṃ .
Tattha yogāvacaro kāmavitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ vā sammasati aññaṃ vā pana kiñci saṅkhāraṃ .
Athassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayutto saṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati , vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpeti .
Athassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati ;
byāpādavitakkassāpi padaghātanatthaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vā saṅkhāraṃ sammasati ;
vihiṃsāvitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vā saṅkhāraṃ sammasati .
Athassa vipassanākkhaṇeti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ .
KāmavitakkādīnaṃM0.111 pana tiṇṇaṃ pāḷiyaṃ vibhattesu aṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇesu ekakammaṭṭhānampi apaccanīkaṃ nāma natthi .
Ekantato pana kāmavitakkassa tāva asubhesu paṭhamajjhānameva paccanīkaṃ , byāpādavitakkassa mettāya tikacatukkajjhānāni , vihiṃsāvitakkassa karuṇāya tikacatukkajjhānāni .
Tasmā asubhe parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpannassa samāpattikkhaṇe jhānasampayutto saṅkappo vikkhambhanavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati .
Jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapentassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayutto saṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati .
Vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpentassa maggakkhaṇeV0.111 maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati .
Evaṃ uppanno nekkhammasaṅkappoti vuccatīti veditabbo .
Mettāya pana parikammaṃ katvā , karuṇāya parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpajjatīti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ .
Evaṃ uppanno abyāpādasaṅkappoti vuccati , avihiṃsāsaṅkappoti ca vuccatītiP0.119 veditabbo .
Evamete nekkhammasaṅkappādayo vipassanājhānavasena uppattīnaṃ nānattā pubbabhāge nānā ;
maggakkhaṇe pana imesu tīsu ṭhānesu uppannassa akusalasaṅkappassa padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamāno ekova kusalasaṅkappo uppajjati .
Ayaṃ sammāsaṅkappo nāma .Sammā pariggahalakkhaṇā sammāvācā .
Sammāvācā niddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena musāvādā viramati , aññenaññena pisuṇavācādīhi , tasmā catassopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā ;
maggakkhaṇe pana micchāvācāsaṅkhātāya catubbidhāya akusaladussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāvācāsaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati .
Ayaṃ sammāvācā nāma .
Sammā samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇo sammākammanto .
Sammākammanta niddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena pāṇātipātā viramati , aññena adinnādānā , aññena kāmesumicchācārā , tasmā tissopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā ;
maggakkhaṇe pana micchākammantasaṅkhātāya tividhāya akusaladussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammākammantasaṅkhātā akusalaveramaṇī uppajjati .
Ayaṃ sammākammanto nāma .
Sammā vodānalakkhaṇo sammāājīvo .
Sammāājīva niddese
M0.112 idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane .
Ariyasāvakoti ariyassa buddhassa sāvako .
Micchāājīvaṃ pahāyāti pāpakaṃ ājīvaṃ pajahitvā .
Sammāājīvenāti buddhapasatthena kusalaājīvena .
Jīvikaṃ kappetīti jīvitappavattiṃ pavatteti .
Idhāpi yasmā aññeneva cittena kāyadvāravītikkamā viramati ;
aññena vacīdvāravītikkamā , tasmā pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇesu uppajjati ;
maggakkhaṇe pana dvīsu dvāresu sattannaṃ kammapathānaṃ vasena uppannāya micchāājīvadussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāājīvasaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇī uppajjati .
Ayaṃ sammāājīvo nāma .Sammāvāyāma niddeso
V0.112 sammappadhānavibhaṅge anupadavaṇṇanāvasena āvibhavissati .
Ayaṃ pana pubbabhāge nānācittesu labhati .
Aññeneva hi cittena anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃP0.120 akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya vāyāmaṃ karoti , aññena uppannānaṃ pahānāya ;
aññeneva ca anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya , aññena uppannānaṃ ṭhitiyā ;
maggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhati .
Ekameva hi maggasampayuttaṃ vīriyaṃ catukiccasādhanaṭṭhena cattāri nāmāni labbhati .Sammā paggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo .
Sammāsati niddesopi satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅge anupadavaṇṇanāvasena āvibhavissati .
Ayampi ca pubbabhāge nānācittesu labbhati .
Aññeneva hi cittena kāyaṃ pariggaṇhāti , aññenaññena vedanādīni ;
maggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhati .
Ekāyeva hi maggasampayuttā sati catukiccasādhanaṭṭhena cattāri nāmāni labhati .
Sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati .
Sammāsamādhi niddese cattāri jhānāni pubbabhāgepi nānā , maggakkhaṇepi .
Pubbabhāge samāpattivasena nānā , maggakkhaṇe nānāmaggavasena .
Ekassa hi paṭhamamaggo paṭhamajjhāniko hoti , dutiyamaggādayopi paṭhamajjhānikā , dutiyādīsu aññatarajjhānikā vā .
Ekassa paṭhamamaggo dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhāniko hoti , dutiyādayopi dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhānikā vā paṭhamajjhānikā vā .
Evaṃ cattāropi maggā jhānavasena sadisā vā asadisā vā ekaccasadisā vā honti .
Ayaṃ panassa viseso pādakajjhānaniyāmena hoti .
Pādakajjhānaniyāmena tāva paṭhamajjhānalābhino paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppannamaggo
M0.113 paṭhamajjhāniko hoti ;
maggaṅgabojjhaṅgāni panettha paripuṇṇāneva honti .
Dutiyajjhānato uṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno maggo dutiyajjhāniko hoti ;
maggaṅgāni panettha satta honti .
Tatiyajjhānato uṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno maggo tatiyajjhāniko hoti ;
maggaṅgāni panettha satta , bojjhaṅgāni cha honti .
Esa nayo catutthajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā .
Āruppe catukkapañcakajjhānaṃ uppajjati .
Tañca kho lokuttaraṃ no lokiyanti vuttaṃ .
Ettha kathanti ?
Etthāpi paṭhamajjhānādīsu yato uṭṭhāya sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭilabhitvā āruppasamāpattiṃ bhāvetvā yo āruppe uppanno , taṃjhānikāva tassa tattha tayo maggā uppajjantiV0.113 .
EvaṃP0.121 pādakajjhānameva niyāmeti .
Keci pana therā ‘‘ vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyāmentī ’’ ti vadanti .
Keci ‘‘ puggalajjhāsayo niyāmetī ’’ ti vadanti .
Keci ‘‘ vuṭṭhānagāminīvipassanā niyāmetī ’’ ti vadanti .
Tesaṃ vādavinicchayo heṭṭhā cittuppādakaṇḍe lokuttarapadabhājanīyavaṇṇanāyaṃ ( dha . sa . aṭṭha .350) vuttanayeneva veditabbo .Sammā samādhānalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhi .
Tesu ca ekekassa tīṇi tīṇi kiccāni honti , seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi tāva aññehipi attano paccanīkakilesehi saddhiṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ pajahati , nirodhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca passati tappaṭicchādakamohavidhamanavasena asammohato .
Sammāsaṅkappādayopi tatheva micchāsaṅkappādīni ca pajahanti , nirodhañca ārammaṇaṃ karonti .
Visesato panettha sammāsaṅkappo sahajātadhamme
P0.115 abhiniropeti , sammāvācā sammā pariggaṇhāti , sammākammanto sammā samuṭṭhāpeti , sammāājīvo sammā vodāpeti , sammāvāyāmo sammā paggaṇhāti , sammāsati sammā upaṭṭhāti , sammāsamādhi sammā padahati .
Apicesā sammādiṭṭhi nāma pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā hoti , maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā , kiccato pana dukkhe ñāṇantiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati .
Sammāsaṅkappādayopi pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā honti , maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā .
Tesu sammāsaṅkappo kiccato nekkhammasaṅkappotiādīni tīṇiM0.108 nāmāni labhati .
Sammāvācādayo tayo pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā viratiyopi honti cetanāyopi , maggakkhaṇe pana viratiyova .
Sammāvāyāmo sammāsatīti idampi dvayaṃ kiccato sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati .
Sammāsamādhi pana pubbabhāgepi maggakkhaṇepi sammāsamādhiyeva .
Iti imesu aṭṭhasu dhammesu bhagavatā nibbānādhigamāya paṭipannassa yogino bahūpakārattā paṭhamaṃ sammādiṭṭhi desitā .
Ayañhi ‘‘ paññāpajjoto paññāsatthan ’’ ti ( dha . sa .16,20,29,34) caV0.108 vuttā .
Tasmā etāya pubbabhāge vipassanāñāṇasaṅkhātāya sammādiṭṭhiyā avijjandhakāraṃ viddhaṃsetvā kilesacore ghātento khemena yogāvacaro nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti .
Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ nibbānādhigamāya paṭipannassa yogino bahūpakārattā paṭhamaṃ sammādiṭṭhi desitā ’’ ti .
Sammāsaṅkappo pana tassā bahūpakāro , tasmā tadanantaraṃ vutto .
Yathā hi heraññiko hatthena parivattetvā parivattetvā cakkhunā kahāpaṇaṃ olokento ‘ ayaṃ kūṭo , ayaṃ cheko ’ ti jānāti , evaṃ yogāvacaropi pubbabhāge vitakkena vitakketvā vipassanāpaññāya olokayamāno ‘ ime dhammā kāmāvacarā , ime dhammā rūpāvacarādayo ’ ti jānāti .
Yathā vā pana purisena koṭiyaṃ gahetvā parivattetvā parivattetvā dinnaṃ mahārukkhaṃ tacchako vāsiyā tacchetvā kamme upaneti , evaṃ vitakkena vitakketvā vitakkatvā dinnadhamme yogāvacaro paññāya ‘ ime dhammā kāmāvacarā , ime dhammā rūpāvacarā ’ tiādinā nayena paricchinditvā kamme upaneti .
TenaP0.116 vuttaṃ ‘ sammāsaṅkappo pana tassā bahūpakāro , tasmā tadanantaraṃ vutto ’’ ti .
Svāyaṃ yathā sammādiṭṭhiyā , evaṃ sammāvācāyapi upakārako .
Yathāha –
‘‘ pubbe kho , gahapati , vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vācaṃ bhindatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.463).
Tasmā tadanantaraṃ sammāvācā vuttā .
Yasmā pana ‘ idañcidañca karissāmā ’ ti paṭhamaṃ vācāya saṃvidahitvā loke kammante payojenti , tasmā vācā kāyakammassa upakārikāti sammāvācāya anantaraṃ sammākammanto vutto .
CatubbidhaṃM0.109 pana vacīduccaritaṃ , tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ pahāya ubhayaṃ sucaritaṃ pūrentasseva yasmā ājīvaṭṭhamakasīlaṃ pūrati , na itarassa , tasmā tadubhayānantaraṃ sammāājīvo vutto .
Evaṃ suddhājīvena ‘ parisuddho me ājīvo ’ ti ettāvatā paritosaṃ akatvā suttappamattena viharituṃ na yuttaṃ , atha kho sabbairiyāpathesu idaṃ vīriyamārabhitabbanti dassetuṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāvāyāmo vutto .
TatoV0.109 āraddhavīriyenāpi kāyādīsu catūsu vatthūsu sati suppatiṭṭhitā kātabbāti dassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāsati desitā .
Yasmā pana evaṃ suppatiṭṭhitā sati samādhissa upakārānupakārānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesitvā pahoti ekattārammaṇe cittaṃ samādhātuṃ , tasmā sammāsatianantaraṃ sammāsamādhi desitoti veditabbo .
Ayaṃ vuccati sammāsamādhīti yā imesu catūsu jhānesu ekaggatā , ayaṃ pubbabhāge lokiyo , aparabhāge lokuttaro sammāsamādhi nāma vuccatīti .
Evaṃ lokiyalokuttaravasena bhagavā maggasaccaṃ desesi .
Tattha lokiyamagge sabbāneva maggaṅgāni yathānurūpaṃ chasu ārammaṇesu aññatarārammaṇāni honti .
Lokuttaramagge pana catusaccapaṭivedhāya pavattassa ariyassa nibbānārammaṇaṃ avijjānusayasamugghātakaṃ paññācakkhu sammādiṭṭhi .
Tathā sampannadiṭṭhissa taṃsampayuttaṃ tividhamicchāsaṅkappasamugghātakaṃ cetaso nibbānapadābhiniropanaṃ sammāsaṅkappo .
Tathā passantassa vitakkentassa ca taṃsampayuttāva catubbidhavacīduccaritasamugghātikāya micchāvācāya virati sammāvācā .
Tathā viramantassa taṃsampayuttāva micchākammantasamucchedikā tividhakāyaduccaritavirati sammākammanto .
Tesaṃyeva sammāvācākammantānaṃ vodānabhūtā taṃsampayuttāva kuhanādisamucchedikā micchāājīvavirati sammāājīvo .
Imissā sammāvācākammantājīvasaṃkhātāya sīlabhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhamānassa tadanurūpo taṃsampayuttova kosajjasamucchedakoM0.114 anuppannuppannānaṃ akusalakusalānaṃ anuppādapahānuppādaṭṭhitisādhako ca vīriyārambho sammāvāyāmo .
Evaṃ vāyamantassa taṃsampayuttova micchāsativiniddhunanako kāyādīsu kāyānupassanādisādhako ca cetaso asammoso sammāsati .
Iti anuttarāya satiyā suvihitacittārakkhassa taṃsampayuttāva micchāsamādhisamugghātikā cittekaggatā sammāsamādhīti .
EsaP0.122 lokuttaro ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo yo saha lokiyena maggena dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti saṅkhaṃ gato .So kho panesa maggo sammādiṭṭhisaṅkappānaṃ vijjāya , sesadhammānaṃ caraṇena saṅgahitattā vijjā ceva caraṇañca .
Tathā tesaṃ dvinnaṃ vipassanāyānena , itaresaṃ samathayānena saṅgahitattā samatho ceva vipassanā ca .
Tesaṃ vā dvinnaṃ paññākkhandhena , tadanantarānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sīlakkhandhena , avasesānaṃ samādhikkhandhena adhipaññāadhisīlaadhicittasikkhāhi ca saṅgahitattā khandhattayañceva sikkhāttayañca hoti ;
yena samannāgato ariyasāvako dassanasamatthehi cakkhūhi gamanasamatthehi ca
V0.114 pādehi samannāgato addhiko viya vijjācaraṇasampanno hutvā vipassanāyānena kāmasukhallikānuyogaṃ , samathayānena attakilamathānuyoganti antadvayaṃ parivajjetvā majjhimapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno paññākkhandhena mohakkhandhaṃ , sīlakkhandhena dosakkhandhaṃ , samādhikkhandhena ca lobhakkhandhaṃ padālento adhipaññāsikkhāya paññāsampadaṃ , adhisīlasikkhāya sīlasampadaṃ , adhicittasikkhāya samādhisampadanti tisso sampattiyo patvā amataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti , ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammaratanavicittaṃ sammattaniyāmasaṅkhātaṃ ariyabhūmiñca okkanto hotīti .
Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā .
2. Abhidhammabhājanīyavaṇṇanā