1. YaṃP1.4 panetaṃ ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ tiādikaṃ nidānaṃ , tattha evan ti nipātapadaṃ . Metiādīni nāmapadāni . Sāvatthiyaṃ viharatīti ettha vīti upasaggapadaṃ , haratīti ākhyātapadanti iminā tāva nayena padavibhāgo veditabbo . Atthato pana evaṃ saddo tāva upamūpadesa-sampahaṃsana-garahaṇa-vacanasampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇādi-anekatthappabhedo . Tathā hesa – ‘‘ evaṃ jātena maccena , kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahun ’’ ti ( dha . pa .53) evamādīsu upamāyaṃ āgato . ‘‘ Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃV1.5 , evaṃ te paṭikkamitabban ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.122) upadese . ‘‘ Evametaṃ bhagavā , evametaṃ sugatā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) sampahaṃsane . ‘‘ Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.187) garahaṇe . ‘‘ Evaṃ , bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosun ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe . ‘‘ Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ , bhante , bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.398) ākāreM1.4 . ‘‘ Ehi tvaṃ māṇavaka , yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama ; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha – ‘ subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī ’ ti . Evañca vadehi – ‘ sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassaP1.5 todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ , tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā ’ ti ’’ ādīsu ( dī . ni .1.445) nidassane . ‘‘ Taṃ kiṃ maññatha kālāmā , ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vāti ? Akusalā , bhante . Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāti ? Sāvajjā , bhante . Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vāti ? Viññugarahitā , bhante . Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti vā no vā , kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti ? Samattā , bhante , samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti , evaṃ no ettha hotī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) avadhāraṇe . Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo . Tattha ākāratthena evaṃ saddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇaṃ anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanā paṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ ? Sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti . Nidassanatthena – ‘‘ nāhaṃ sayambhū , na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan ’’ ti attānaṃ parimocento – ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayāpi evaṃ sutan ’’ ti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalasuttaṃ nidasseti . Avadhāraṇatthena – ‘‘ etadaggaṃ , bhikkhave , mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando , gatimantānaṃ , satimantānaṃ , dhitimantānaṃ , upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.220-223) evaṃV1.6 bhagavatā – ‘‘ āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.169) evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti – ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ , tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ , evameva na aññathā daṭṭhabban ’’ ti . Me saddoM1.5 tīsu atthesu dissati . Tathā hissa – ‘‘ gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyan ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .81) mayāti attho . ‘‘ Sādhu me , bhante , bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetūP1.6 ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.88) mayhanti attho . ‘‘ Dhammadāyādā me , bhikkhave , bhavathā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.29) mamāti attho . Idha pana ‘‘ mayā sutan ’’ ti ca ‘‘ mama sutan ’’ ti ca atthadvaye yujjati . Sutan ti ayaṃ suta saddo saupasaggo anupasaggo ca gamana-vissuta-kilinnaupacitānuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadvārānusāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo . Tathā hissa – ‘‘ senāya pasuto ’’ tiādīsu gacchantoti attho . ‘‘ Sutadhammassa passato ’’ tiādīsu ( udā .11) vissutadhammassāti attho . ‘‘ Avassutā avassutassā ’’ tiādīsu ( pāci .657) kilinnākilinnassāti attho . ‘‘ Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakan ’’ tiādīsu ( khu . pā .7.12) upacitanti attho . ‘‘ Ye jhānapasutā dhīrā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .181) jhānānuyuttāti attho . ‘‘ Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutan ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho . ‘‘ Sutadharo sutasannicayo ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho . Idha panassa sotadvārānusārena upadhāritanti vā upadhāraṇanti vā attho . Me-saddassa hi mayāti atthe sati – ‘‘ evaṃ mayā sutaṃ , sotadvārānusārena upadhāritan ’’ ti yujjati . Mamāti atthe sati – ‘‘ evaṃ mama sutaṃ , sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇan ’’ ti yujjati . Evametesu tīsu padesu evan ti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ . Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ . Sutan ti assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ . Tathā evan ti tassa sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇeV1.7 pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ . Meti attappakāsanaṃ . Sutan ti dhammappakāsanaṃ . Ayañhettha saṅkhepo – ‘‘ nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ , idaṃ pana kataṃ , ayaṃ dhammo suto ’’ ti . TathāM1.6 evan ti niddisitabbappakāsanaṃ . Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ . Sutan ti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘ yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi , taṃ mayā evaṃ sutan ’’ ti . Tathā evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanagahaṇaṃ hoti , tassa nānākāraniddesoP1.7 . Evan ti hi ayaṃ ākārapaññatti . Meti kattuniddeso . Sutan ti visayaniddeso . Ettāvatā nānākārappavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattuvisaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti . Atha vā evan ti puggalakiccaniddeso . Sutan ti viññāṇakiccaniddeso . Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso . Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – ‘‘ mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena sutan ’’ ti . Tattha evan ti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti . Kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi , yaṃ evanti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha . Sutan ti vijjamānapaññatti . Yañhi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ , taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti . Tathā evan ti ca meti ca taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti . Sutan ti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti . Ettha ca evan ti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti . Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti . Sutan ti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti . Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti , na so kālantarena mayā sutanti paṭijānāti . Iccassa asammohena paññāsiddhi , asammosena pana satisiddhi . Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā , satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedhasamatthatāV1.8 . Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi . Aparo nayo – evan ti vacanena yoniso manasikāraṃ dīpeti , ayoniso manasikaroto hi nānappakārapaṭivedhābhāvato . Sutan ti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato . Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘ na mayā sutaṃ , punaM1.7 bhaṇathā ’’ ti bhaṇati . Yoniso manasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti , sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato . AvikkhepenaP1.8 saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti . Na hi vikkhittacitto sotuṃ sakkoti , na ca sappurise anupanissayamānassa savanaṃ atthīti . Aparo nayo – yasmā ‘‘ evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti , tassa nānākāraniddeso ’’ ti vuttaṃ , so ca evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti , tasmā evan ti iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano dīpeti . Sutan ti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ . Na hi appatirūpadese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi . Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti , purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi , tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi , payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi . Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato , yoniso manasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa , arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento evaṃ me sutan tiādimāha . Aparo nayo – evan ti iminā nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti . Sutan ti iminā sotabbabhedapaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ . Evan ti ca idaṃ yoniso manasikāradīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno – ‘‘ ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā ’’ ti dīpeti . Sutan ti idaṃ savanayogadīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno – ‘‘ bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā ’’ ti dīpeti . Tadubhayenapi atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti . AtthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhiV1.9 dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatāP1.9 hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabboti . EvaṃM1.8 me sutan ti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati , sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati . Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti , saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti . ‘‘ Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā , tasseva pana bhagavato vacanan ’’ ti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti , satthāraṃ apadisati , jinavacanaṃ appeti , dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti . Apica ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ ti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ vivaranto – ‘‘ sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa vacanaṃ , na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kattabbā ’’ ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti , saddhāsampadaṃ uppādetīti . Tenetaṃ vuccati – ‘‘ Vināsayati assaddhaṃ , saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane ; Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ , vadaṃ gotamasāvako ’’ ti . Ekan ti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso . Samayan ti paricchinnaniddeso . Ekaṃ samayan ti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ . Tattha samaya saddo – ‘‘ Samavāye khaṇe kāle , samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu ; Paṭilābhe pahāne ca , paṭivedhe ca dissati ’’. Tathā hissa ‘‘ appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dī . ni .1.447) samavāyo attho . ‘‘ Ekova kho , bhikkhave , khaṇo ca samayoV1.10 ca brahmacariyavāsāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .8.29) khaṇo . ‘‘ Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo ’’ tiādīsu ( pāci .358) kālo . ‘‘ MahāsamayoP1.10 pavanasmin ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.332) samūho . ‘‘ Samayopi kho te , bhaddāli , appaṭividdho ahosi , bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati , bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati – ‘ bhaddāli , nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī ’ ti . Ayampi kho teM1.9 , bhaddāli , samayo appaṭividdho ahosī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.135) hetu . ‘‘ Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.260) diṭṭhi . ‘‘ Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho , yo cattho samparāyiko ; Atthābhisamayā dhīro , paṇḍitoti pavuccatī ’’ ti . – Ādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.129) paṭilābho . ‘‘ Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.28) pahānaṃ . ‘‘ Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho ’’ tiādīsu ( paṭi . ma .2.8) paṭivedho . Idha panassa kālo attho . Tena saṃvacchara-utu-māsaḍḍhamāsa-ratti-diva-pubbaṇha-majjhanhika-sāyanha-paṭhamamajjhimapacchimayāma-muhuttādīsu kālappabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti . Tattha kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yasmiṃ yasmiṃ saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya . Yasmā pana ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ asukasaṃvacchare asukautumhi asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge vā ’’ ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā , bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti , tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha . Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya suppakāsāP1.11 anekakālappabhedāV1.11 eva samayā . Tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti . Yo cāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo , attahitaparahitapaṭipattisamayesu parahitapaṭipattisamayoM1.10 , sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammikathāsamayo , desanāpaṭipattisamayesu desanāsamayo , tesupi samayesu aññataraṃ sandhāya ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha . Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaran ’’ ti ca ito aññesu suttapadesu ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye , bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato , vinaye ca ‘‘ tena samayena buddho bhagavā ’’ ti karaṇavacanena , tathā akatvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti upayogavacanena niddeso katoti . Tattha tathā , idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato . Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati . Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo , tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati . Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato . Vinaye ca hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati . Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo , tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi . Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacanena niddeso kato . Idha pana aññasmiṃ ca evaṃjātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati . Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi , accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi . Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti . Tenetaṃ vuccati – ‘‘ Taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā , bhummena karaṇena ca ; Aññatra samayo vutto , upayogena so idhā ’’ ti . PorāṇāV1.12P1.12 pana vaṇṇayanti – ‘‘ tasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti vā ‘‘ tena samayenā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa , sabbattha bhummamevaM1.11 atthoti . Tasmā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti vuttepi ‘‘ ekasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti attho veditabbo . Bhagavāti garu . Garuṃ hi loke ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti vadanti . Ayañca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu , tasmā ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti veditabbo . Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ – ‘‘ Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ , bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ ; Garu gāravayutto so , bhagavā tena vuccatī ’’ ti .( visuddhi .1.142); Apica – ‘‘ Bhagyavā bhaggavā yutto , bhagehi ca vibhattavā ; Bhattavā vantagamano , bhavesu bhagavā tato ’’ ti . – Imissā gāthāya vasenassa padassa vitthārato attho veditabbo . So ca visuddhimagge ( visuddhi .1.144) buddhānussatiniddese vuttoyeva . Ettāvatā cettha evaṃ me sutan ti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ dassento bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti . Tena ‘‘ nayidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ , ayaṃ vo satthā ’’ ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti . Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti . Tena ‘‘ evaṃvidhassa nāma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto , kena aññena jīvite āsā janetabbā ’’ ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti , saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti . Evan ti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati . Me sutan ti sāvakasampattiṃ . Ekaṃ samayan ti kālasampattiṃ . Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ . Sāvatthiyan ti evaṃnāmake nagare . Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ . ViharatītiP1.13 avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresuV1.13 aññataravihārasamaṅgīparidīpanametaṃ . Idha pana ṭhānagamananisajjāsayanappabhedesu iriyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃM1.12 , tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo . So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti , tasmā ‘‘ viharatī ’’ ti vuccati . Jetavaneti jetassa rājakumārassa vane . Tañhi tena ropitaṃ saṃvaḍḍhitaṃ paripālitaṃ ahosi , tasmā ‘‘ jetavanan ’’ ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ . Tasmiṃ jetavane . Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmeti anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā catupaññāsahiraññakoṭipariccāgena buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niyyātitattā ‘‘ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo ’’ ti saṅkhaṃ gate ārāme . Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāro pana papañcasūdaniyā majjhimaṭṭhakathāya sabbāsavasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ ( ma . ni . aṭṭha .1.14) vutto . Tattha siyā – yadi tāva bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati ,‘‘ jetavane ’’ ti na vattabbaṃ . Atha tattha viharati ,‘‘ sāvatthiyan ’’ ti na vattabbaṃ . Na hi sakkā ubhayattha ekaṃ samayaṃ viharitunti . Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ . Nanu avocumha ‘‘ samīpatthe bhummavacanan ’’ ti . Tasmā yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘ gaṅgāyaṃ caranti , yamunāyaṃ carantī ’’ ti vuccati , evamidhāpi yadidaṃ sāvatthiyā samīpe jetavanaṃ , tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘ sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane ’’ ti . Gocaragāmanidassanatthaṃ hissa sāvatthivacanaṃ , pabbajitānurūpanivāsaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ sesavacanaṃ .

Aññatarā devatāti nāmagottavasena apākaṭā ekā devatāti attho . ‘‘ Abhijānāti no , bhante , bhagavā ahu ñātaññatarassa mahesakkhassa yakkhassa saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ bhāsitā ’’ ti ettha pana abhiññāto sakkopi devarājā ‘‘ aññataro ’’ ti vutto . ‘‘ Devatā ’’ tiP1.14 ca idaṃ devānampi devadhītānampi sādhāraṇavacanaṃ . Imasmiṃ panatthe devo adhippeto , so ca kho rūpāvacarānaṃ devānaṃ aññataro . Abhikkantāya rattiyāti ettha abhikkanta-saddo khayasundarābhirūpaabbhānumodanādīsu dissatiV1.14 . Tattha ‘‘ abhikkantā , bhante , ratti , nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmoM1.13 , ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho , uddisatu , bhante , bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhan ’’ ti evamādīsu ( a . ni .8.20; cūḷava .383) khaye dissati . ‘‘ Ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( a . ni .4.100) sundare . ‘‘ Ko me vandati pādāni , iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ ; Abhikkantena vaṇṇena , sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā ’’ ti . – Evamādīsu ( vi . va .857) abhirūpe . ‘‘ Abhikkantaṃ bho gotama , abhikkantaṃ bho gotamā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( pārā .15) abbhānumodane . Idha pana khaye . Tena abhikkantāya rattiyā , parikkhīṇāya rattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti . Tatthāyaṃ devaputto majjhimayāmasamanantare āgatoti veditabbo . Niyāmo hi kiresa devatānaṃ yadidaṃ buddhānaṃ vā buddhasāvakānaṃ vā upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchantā majjhimayāmasamanantareyeva āgacchanti . Abhikkantavaṇṇāti idha abhikkanta -saddo abhirūpe , vaṇṇa -saddo pana chavithuti-kulavagga-kāraṇa-saṇṭhānappamāṇa-rūpāyatanādīsu dissati . Tattha ‘‘ suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( su . ni .553) chaviyā . ‘‘ Kadā saññūḷhā pana te , gahapati , ime samaṇassa vaṇṇā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( ma . ni .2.77) thutiyaṃ . ‘‘ Cattārome , bho gotama , vaṇṇā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dī . ni .3.115) kulavagge . ‘‘ Atha kena nu vaṇṇena , gandhathenoti vuccatī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.234) kāraṇe . ‘‘ Mahantaṃ hatthirājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.138) saṇṭhāne . ‘‘ Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( pārā .602) pamāṇe . ‘‘ Vaṇṇo gandho raso ojā ’’ ti evamādīsu rūpāyatane . So idha chaviyā daṭṭhabbo . Tena abhikkantavaṇṇā abhirūpacchavi , iṭṭhavaṇṇā manāpavaṇṇāti vuttaṃ hoti . Devatā hi manussalokaṃ āgacchamānā pakativaṇṇaṃ pakatiiddhiṃ jahitvā oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ katvāP1.15 atirekavaṇṇaṃ atirekaiddhiṃ māpetvā naṭasamajjādīni gacchantā manussā viya abhisaṅkhatena kāyena āgacchanti . Tattha kāmāvacarā anabhisaṅkhatenapi āgantuṃ sakkonti , rūpāvacarā pana naM1.14 sakkonti . Tesañhi atisukhumo attabhāvo , na tenaV1.15 iriyāpathakappanaṃ hoti . Tasmā ayaṃ devaputto abhisaṅkhateneva āgato . Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ abhikkantavaṇṇā ’’ ti . Kevalakappan ti ettha kevala -saddo anavasesa-yebhuyyābyāmissānatirekadaḷhatthavisaṃyogādianekattho . Tathā hissa ‘‘ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyan ’’ ti evamādīsu ( pārā .1) anavasesatthamattho . ‘‘ Kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyabhojanīyaṃ ādāya upasaṅkamissantī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( mahāva .43) yebhuyyatā . ‘‘ Kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( vibha .225) abyāmissatā . ‘‘ Kevalaṃ saddhāmattakaṃ nūna ayamāyasmā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( mahāva .244) anatirekatā . ‘‘ Āyasmato , bhante , anuruddhassa bāhiyo nāma saddhivihāriko kevalakappaṃ saṅghabhedāya ṭhito ’’ ti evamādīsu ( a . ni .4.243) daḷhatthatā . ‘‘ Kevalī vusitavā uttamapurisoti vuccatī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .3.57) visaṃyogo attho . Idha panassa anavasesattho adhippeto . Kappa -saddo panāyaṃ abhisaddahana-vohāra-kāla-paññatti-chedana-vikappa-lesasamantabhāvādianekattho . Tathā hissa ‘‘ okappaniyametaṃ bhoto gotamassa , yathā taṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( ma . ni .1.387) abhisaddahanamattho . ‘‘ Anujānāmi , bhikkhave , pañcahi samaṇakappehi phalaṃ paribhuñjitun ’’ ti evamādīsu ( cūḷava .250) vohāro . ‘‘ Yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( ma . ni .1.387) kālo . ‘‘ Iccāyasmā kappo ’’ ti evamādīsu paññatti . ‘‘ Alaṅkato kappitakesamassū ’’ ti evamādīsu ( vi . va .1094,1101) chedanaṃ . ‘‘ Kappati dvaṅgulakappo ’’ ti evamādīsu ( cūḷava .446) vikappo . ‘‘ Ātthi kappo nipajjitun ’’ tiP1.16 evamādīsu ( a . ni .8.80) leso . ‘‘ Kevalakappaṃ veḷuvanaṃ obhāsetvā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.94) samantabhāvo . Idha panassa samantabhāvattho adhippeto . Tasmā kevalakappaṃ jetavanan ti ettha ‘‘ anavasesaṃ samantato jetavanan ’’ ti evamattho daṭṭhabbo . ObhāsetvātiM1.15 vatthālaṅkārasarīrasamuṭṭhitāya ābhāya pharitvā , candimā viya sūriyo viya ca ekobhāsaṃ ekapajjotaṃ karitvāti attho . YenātiV1.16 bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ . Yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamīti tasmā ‘‘ yattha bhagavā , tattha upasaṅkamī ’’ ti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo . Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo , tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo . Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabbo ? Nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamādhippāyena , sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya . Upasaṅkamīti ca gatāti vuttaṃ hoti . Upasaṅkamitvāti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ . Atha vā evaṃ gatā tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvātipi vuttaṃ hoti . Idāni yenatthena loke aggapuggalassa upaṭṭhānaṃ āgatā , taṃ pucchitukāmā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjuliṃ sirasi patiṭṭhapetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi .

Ekamantan ti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso – ‘‘ visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattantī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.70) viya . Tasmā yathā ṭhitā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā hoti , tathā aṭṭhāsīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo . Bhummatthe vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ . Aṭṭhāsīti ṭhānaṃ kappesi . Paṇḍitā hi devamanussā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āsanakusalatāya ekamantaṃ tiṭṭhanti , ayañca devo tesaṃ aññataro , tasmā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi . Kathaṃ ṭhito pana ekamantaṃ ṭhito hotīti ? Cha ṭhānadose vajjetvā . Seyyathidaṃ – atidūraṃ , accāsannaṃ , uparivātaṃP1.17 , unnatappadesaṃ , atisammukhaṃ , atipacchāti . Atidūre ṭhito hi sace kathetukāmo hoti , uccāsaddena kathetabbaṃ hoti . Accāsanne ṭhito saṅghaṭṭanaṃ karoti . Uparivāte ṭhito sarīragandhena bādhati . Unnatappadese ṭhito agāravaṃ pakāseti . Atisammukhā ṭhito sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti , cakkhunā cakkhuṃ āhacca daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti . Atipacchā ṭhito sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti , gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti . Tasmā ayampi ete cha ṭhānadose vajjetvā aṭṭhāsi . Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsī ’’ ti .

EtadavocātiM1.16 etaṃ avoca .

Kathaṃ nūti kāraṇapucchā . Bhagavato hi tiṇṇoghabhāvo dasasahassilokadhātuyā pākaṭo , tenimissā devatāya tattha kaṅkhā natthi , iminā pana kāraṇena ‘‘ tiṇṇo ’’ ti na jānāti , tena sā taṃ kāraṇaṃ pucchamānā evamāha . MārisātiV1.17 devatānaṃ piyasamudācāravacanametaṃ . Niddukkhāti vuttaṃ hoti . Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ yadā kho te , mārisa , saṅkunā saṅku hadaye samāgaccheyya , atha naṃ tvaṃ jāneyyāsi ‘ vassasahassaṃ me niraye paccamānassā ’’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.512) idaṃ virujjhati . Na hi nerayikasatto niddukkho nāma hoti . Kiñcāpi na niddukkho , ruḷhīsaddena pana evaṃ vuccati . Pubbe kira paṭhamakappikānaṃ niddukkhānaṃ sukhasamappitānaṃ esa vohāro , aparabhāge dukkhaṃ hotu vā mā vā , ruḷhīsaddena ayaṃ vohāro vuccateva nippadumāpi nirudakāpi vā pokkharaṇī pokkharaṇī viya . Oghamatarīti ettha cattāro oghā , kāmogho bhavogho diṭṭhogho avijjoghoti . Tattha pañcasu kāmaguṇesu chandarāgo kāmogho nāma . Rūpārūpabhavesu chandarāgo jhānanikanti ca bhavogho nāma . Dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo diṭṭhogho nāma . Catūsu saccesu aññāṇaṃ avijjogho nāma . Tattha kāmogho aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppajjati , bhavogho catūsu diṭṭhigatavippayuttalobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppajjati , diṭṭhogho catūsu diṭṭhigatasampayuttesu cittuppādesu uppajjati , avijjogho sabbākusalesu uppajjati . Sabbopi cesa avahananaṭṭhena rāsaṭṭhena ca oghoti veditabbo . AvahananaṭṭhenātiP1.18 adhogamanaṭṭhena . Ayañhi attano vasaṃ gate satte adho gameti , nirayādibhedāya duggatiyaṃyeva nibbatteti , uparibhāvaṃ vā nibbānaṃ gantuṃ adento adho tīsu bhavesu catūsu yonīsu pañcasu gatīsu sattasu viññāṇaṭṭhitīsu navasu sattāvāsesu ca gametītipi attho . Rāsaṭṭhenāti mahantaṭṭhena . Mahā heso kilesarāsi avīcito paṭṭhāya yāva bhavaggā patthaṭo , yadidaṃ pañcasu kāmaguṇesu chandarāgo nāma . Sesesupi eseva nayo . Evamayaṃ rāsaṭṭhenāpi oghotiM1.17 veditabbo . Atarīti imaṃ catubbidhampi oghaṃ kena nu tvaṃ , mārisa , kāraṇena tiṇṇoti pucchati .

Athassā bhagavā pañhaṃ vissajjento appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhan tiādimāha . Tattha appatiṭṭhan ti appatiṭṭhahanto . Anāyūhan ti anāyūhanto , avāyamantoti attho . Iti bhagavā gūḷhaṃ paṭicchannaṃ katvā pañhaṃ kathesi . Devatāpi naṃ sutvā ‘‘ bāhirakaṃ tāva oghaṃ tarantā nāma ṭhātabbaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhantā taritabbaṭṭhāne āyūhantā taranti , ayaṃ pana avīcito yāva bhavaggā patthaṭaṃV1.18 kilesoghaṃ kilesarāsiṃ appatiṭṭhahanto anāyūhanto atarinti āha . Kiṃ nu kho etaṃ ? Kathaṃ nu kho etan ’’ ti ? Vimatiṃ pakkhantā pañhassa atthaṃ na aññāsi . Kiṃ pana bhagavatā yathā sattā na jānanti , evaṃ kathanatthāya pāramiyo pūretvā sabbaññutā paṭividdhāti ? Na etadatthāya paṭividdhā . Dve pana bhagavato desanā niggahamukhena ca anuggahamukhena ca . Tattha ye paṇḍitamānino honti aññātepi ñātasaññino pañcasatā brāhmaṇapabbajitā viya , tesaṃ mānaniggahatthaṃ yathā na jānanti , evaṃ mūlapariyāyādisadisaṃ dhammaṃ deseti . Ayaṃ niggahamukhena desanā . Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘ niggayha niggayhāhaṃ , ānanda , vakkhāmi , pavayha pavayha , ānanda , vakkhāmi , yo sāro , so ṭhassatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.196). YeP1.19 pana ujukā sikkhākāmā , tesaṃ suviññeyyaṃ katvā ākaṅkheyyasuttādisadisaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ,‘‘ abhirama , tissa , abhirama , tissa , ahamovādena ahamanuggahena ahamanusāsaniyā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.84) ca ne samassāseti . Ayaṃ anuggahamukhena desanā . Ayaṃ pana devaputto mānatthaddho paṇḍitamānī , evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ahaṃ oghaṃ jānāmi , tathāgatassa oghatiṇṇabhāvaṃ jānāmi ,‘‘ iminā pana kāraṇena tiṇṇo ’’ ti ettakamattaṃ na jānāmi . Iti mayhaṃ ñātameva bahu , appaṃ aññātaṃ , tamahaṃ kathitamattameva jānissāmi . Kiñhi nāma taṃ bhagavā vadeyya , yassāhaṃ atthaṃ na jāneyyanti . Atha satthā ‘‘ ayaṃ kiliṭṭhavatthaṃ viyaM1.18 raṅgajātaṃ abhabbo imaṃ mānaṃ appahāya desanaṃ sampaṭicchituṃ , mānaniggahaṃ tāvassa katvā puna nīcacittena pucchantassa pakāsessāmī ’’ ti paṭicchannaṃ katvā pañhaṃ kathesi . Sopi nihatamāno ahosi , sā cassa nihatamānatā uttaripañhapucchaneneva veditabbā .

Tassa pana pañhapucchanassa ayamattho – kathaṃ pana tvaṃ , mārisa , appatiṭṭhaṃ anāyūhaṃ oghamatari , yathāhaṃ jānāmi , evaṃ me kathehīti .

Athassa bhagavā kathento yadāsvāhan tiādimāha . Tattha yadā svāhan ti yasmiṃ kāle ahaṃ . Sukāro nipātamattaṃ . Yathā ca ettha , evaṃ sabbapadesu . Saṃsīdāmīti paṭicchannaṃ katvā ataranto tattheva osīdāmi . Nibbuyhāmīti ṭhātuṃ asakkonto ativattāmi . Iti ṭhāne ca vāyāme ca dosaṃ disvā atiṭṭhanto avāyamanto oghamatarinti evaṃ bhagavatā pañho kathito . Devatāyapi paṭividdho , na pana pākaṭo , tassa pākaṭīkaraṇatthaṃ satta dukā dassitā . KilesavasenaV1.19 hi santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , abhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma . Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , avasesakilesānañceva abhisaṅkhārānañca vasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma . Taṇhāvasena vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , diṭṭhivasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma . Sassatadiṭṭhiyā vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , ucchedadiṭṭhiyā āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma . Olīyanābhinivesā hi bhavadiṭṭhi , atidhāvanābhinivesā vibhavadiṭṭhiP1.20 . Līnavasena vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , uddhaccavasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma . Tathā kāmasukhallikānuyogavasena santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , attakilamathānuyogavasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma . Sabbākusalābhisaṅkhāravasena santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , sabbalokiyakusalābhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma . Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘ seyyathāpi , cunda , ye keci akusalā dhammā , sabbe te adhobhāgaṅgamanīyā , ye keci kusalā dhammā , sabbe te uparibhāgaṅgamanīyā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.86).

Imaṃ pañhavissajjanaṃ sutvāva devatā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya tuṭṭhā pasannā attano tuṭṭhiñca pasādañca pakāsayantī cirassaṃ vatāti gāthamāha . Tattha cirassan ti cirassa kālassa accayenāti attho . AyaṃM1.19 kira devatā kassapasammāsambuddhaṃ disvā tassa parinibbānato paṭṭhāya antarā aññaṃ buddhaṃ na diṭṭhapubbā , tasmā ajja bhagavantaṃ disvā evamāha . Kiṃ panimāya devatāya ito pubbe satthā na diṭṭhapubboti . Diṭṭhapubbo vā hotu adiṭṭhapubbo vā , dassanaṃ upādāya evaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭati . Brāhmaṇan ti bāhitapāpaṃ khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇaṃ . Parinibbutan ti kilesanibbānena nibbutaṃ . Loketi sattaloke . Visattikan ti rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu āsattavisattatādīhi kāraṇehi visattikā vuccati taṇhā , taṃ visattikaṃ appatiṭṭhamānaṃ anāyūhamānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ nittiṇṇaṃ uttiṇṇaṃ cirassaṃ vata khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇaṃ passāmīti attho .

Samanuñño satthā ahosīti tassā devatāya vacanaṃ citteneva samanumodi , ekajjhāsayo ahosi .

Antaradhāyīti abhisaṅkhatakāyaṃ jahitvā attano pakatiupādiṇṇakakāyasmiṃyeva ṭhatvā laddhāsā laddhapatiṭṭhā hutvā dasabalaṃ gandhehi ca mālehi ca pūjetvā attano bhavanaṃyeva agamāsīti .

Oghataraṇasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā . 2. Nimokkhasuttavaṇṇanā

2. IdāniV1.20 dutiyasuttato paṭṭhāya paṭhamamāgatañca uttānatthañca pahāya yaṃ yaṃ anuttānaṃ , taṃ tadeva vaṇṇayissāma .

Jānāsi noti jānāsi nu . Nimokkhan tiādīni maggādīnaṃ nāmāniP1.21 . Maggena hi sattā kilesabandhanato nimuccanti , tasmā maggo sattānaṃ nimokkhoti vutto . Phalakkhaṇe pana te kilesabandhanato pamuttā , tasmā phalaṃ sattānaṃ pamokkhoti vuttaṃ . Nibbānaṃ patvā sattānaṃ sabbadukkhaṃ viviccati , tasmā nibbānaṃ vivekoti vuttaṃ . Sabbāni vā etāni nibbānasseva nāmāni . Nibbānañhi patvā sattā sabbadukkhato nimuccanti pamuccanti viviccanti , tasmā tadeva ‘‘ nimokkho pamokkho viveko ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Jānāmi khvāhan ti jānāmi kho ahaṃ . Avadhāraṇattho khokāroM1.20 . Ahaṃ jānāmiyeva . Sattānaṃ nimokkhādijānanatthameva hi mayā samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭividdhanti sīhanādaṃ nadati . Buddhasīhanādaṃ nāma kira etaṃ suttaṃ .

Nandībhavaparikkhayāti nandīmūlakassa kammabhavassa parikkhayena . Nandiyā ca bhavassa cātipi vaṭṭati . Tattha hi purimanaye nandībhavena tividhakammābhisaṅkhāravasena saṅkhārakkhandho gahito , saññāviññāṇehi taṃsampayuttā ca dve khandhā . Tehi pana tīhi khandhehi sampayuttā vedanā tesaṃ gahaṇena gahitāvāti anupādiṇṇakānaṃ catunnaṃ arūpakkhandhānaṃ appavattivasena saupādisesaṃ nibbānaṃ kathitaṃ hoti . Vedanānaṃ nirodhā upasamāti upādiṇṇakavedanānaṃ nirodhena ca upasamena ca . Tattha vedanāgahaṇena taṃsampayuttā tayo khandhā gahitāva honti , tesaṃ vatthārammaṇavasena rūpakkhandhopi . Evaṃ imesaṃ upādiṇṇakānaṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ appavattivasena anupādisesaṃ nibbānaṃ kathitaṃ hoti . Dutiyanaye pana nandiggahaṇena saṅkhārakkhandho gahito , bhavaggahaṇena upapattibhavasaṅkhāto rūpakkhandho , saññādīhi sarūpeneva tayo khandhā . Evaṃ imesaṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ appavattivasena nibbānaṃ kathitaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ . Imameva ca nayaṃ catunikāyikabhaṇḍikatthero roceti . Iti nibbānavaseneva bhagavā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesīti . Nimokkhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

3. Upanīyasuttavaṇṇanā

3. TatiyeV1.21P1.22 upanīyatīti parikkhīyati nirujjhati , upagacchati vā , anupubbena maraṇaṃ upetīti attho . Yathā vā gopālena gogaṇo nīyati , evaṃ jarāya maraṇasantikaṃ upanīyatīti attho . Jīvitan ti jīvitindriyaṃ . Appan ti parittaṃ thokaṃ . Tassa dvīhākārehi parittatā veditabbā sarasaparittatāya ca khaṇaparittatāya ca . Sarasaparittatāyapi hi ‘‘ yo , bhikkhave , ciraṃ jīvati , so vassasataṃ appaṃ vā bhiyyo ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.7; saṃ . ni .2.143) vacanato parittaṃ . Khaṇaparittatāyapi . Paramatthato hi atiparitto sattānaṃ jīvitakkhaṇo ekacittappavattimattoyevaM1.21 . Yathā nāma rathacakkaṃ pavattamānampi ekeneva nemippadesena pavattati , tiṭṭhamānampi ekeneva tiṭṭhati , evamevaṃ ekacittakkhaṇikaṃ sattānaṃ jīvitaṃ , tasmiṃ citte niruddhamatte satto niruddhoti vuccati . Yathāha – atīte cittakkhaṇe jīvittha na jīvati na jīvissati , anāgate cittakkhaṇe jīvissati na jīvati na jīvittha , paccuppanne cittakkhaṇe jīvati na jīvittha na jīvissati . ‘‘ Jīvitaṃ attabhāvo ca , sukhadukkhā ca kevalā ; Ekacittasamāyuttā , lahuso vattate khaṇo . ‘‘ Ye niruddhā marantassa , tiṭṭhamānassa vā idha ; Sabbepi sadisā khandhā , gatā appaṭisandhikā . ‘‘ Anibbattena na jāto , paccuppannena jīvati ; Cittabhaṅgā mato loko , paññatti paramatthiyā ’’ ti .( mahāni .10); Jarūpanītassāti jaraṃ upagatassa , jarāya vā maraṇasantikaṃ upanītassa . Na santi tāṇāti tāṇaṃ leṇaṃ saraṇaṃ bhavituṃ samatthā nāma keci natthi . Etaṃ bhayan ti etaṃ jīvitindriyassa maraṇūpagamanaṃ , āyuparittatā , jarūpanītassa tāṇābhāvoti tividhaṃ bhayaṃ bhayavatthu bhayakāraṇantiP1.23 attho . Puññāni kayirātha sukhāvahānīti viññū puriso sukhāvahāni sukhadāyakāni puññāni kareyya . Iti devatā rūpāvacarajjhānaṃ sandhāya pubbacetanaṃ aparacetanaṃ muñcacetanañca gahetvā bahuvacanavasenaV1.22 ‘‘ puññānī ’’ ti āha . Jhānassādaṃ jhānanikantiṃ jhānasukhañca gahetvā ‘‘ sukhāvahānī ’’ ti āha . Tassā kira devatāya sayaṃ dīghāyukaṭṭhāne brahmaloke nibbattattā heṭṭhā kāmāvacaradevesu parittāyukaṭṭhāne cavamāne upapajjamāne ca thullaphusitake vuṭṭhipātasadise satte disvā etadahosi ‘‘ ahovatime sattā jhānaṃ bhāvetvā aparihīnajjhānā kālaṃ katvā brahmaloke ekakappa-dvekappa-catukappa-aṭṭhakappa-soḷasakappa-dvattiṃsakappa-catusaṭṭhikappappamāṇaṃ addhānaṃ tiṭṭheyyun ’’ ti . Tasmā evamāha .

Atha bhagavā – ‘‘ ayaṃ devatā aniyyānikaṃ vaṭṭakathaṃ kathetī ’’ ti vivaṭṭamassā dassento dutiyaṃ gāthamāha . Tattha lokāmisan ti dve lokāmisāM1.22 pariyāyena ca nippariyāyena ca . Pariyāyena tebhūmakavaṭṭaṃ lokāmisaṃ , nippariyāyena cattāro paccayā . Idha pariyāyalokāmisaṃ adhippetaṃ . Nippariyāyalokāmisampi vaṭṭatiyeva . Santipekkhoti nibbānasaṅkhātaṃ accantasantiṃ pekkhanto icchanto patthayantoti .

Upanīyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā . 4. Accentisuttavaṇṇanā

4. Catutthe accentīti atikkamanti . Kālāti purebhattādayo kālā . Tarayanti rattiyoti rattiyo atikkamamānā puggalaṃ maraṇūpagamanāya tarayanti sīghaṃ sīghaṃ gamayanti . Vayoguṇāti paṭhamamajjhimapacchimavayānaṃ guṇā , rāsayoti attho . Idha pana rāsaṭṭho guṇaṭṭho . Tasmā vayoguṇāti vayorāsayo veditabbā . AnupubbaṃP1.24 jahantīti anupaṭipāṭiyā puggalaṃ jahanti . Majjhimavaye ṭhitaṃ hi paṭhamavayo jahati , pacchimavaye ṭhitaṃ dve paṭhamamajjhimā jahanti , maraṇakkhaṇe pana tayopi vayā jahanteva . Etaṃ bhayan ti etaṃ kālānaṃ atikkamanaṃ , rattidivānaṃ taritabhāvo , vayoguṇānaṃ jahanabhāvoti tividhaṃ bhayaṃ .

Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti .

Accentisuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā . 5. Katichindasuttavaṇṇanā

5. PañcameV1.23M1.23 kati chindeti chindanto kati chindeyya . Sesapadesupi eseva nayo . Ettha ca ‘‘ chinde jahe ’’ ti atthato ekaṃ . Gāthābandhassa pana maṭṭhabhāvatthaṃ ayaṃ devatā saddapunaruttiṃ vajjayantī evamāha .

Kati saṅgātigoti kati saṅge atigato , atikkantoti attho . Saṅgātikotipi pāṭho , ayameva attho .

Pañca chindeti chindanto pañca orambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni chindeyya . Pañca jaheti jahanto pañcuddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni jaheyya . Idhāpi chindanañca jahanañca atthato ekameva , bhagavā pana devatāya āropitavacanānurūpeneva evamāha . Atha vā pādesu baddhapāsasakuṇo viya pañcorambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni heṭṭhā ākaḍḍhamānākārāni honti , tāni anāgāmimaggena chindeyyāti vadati . Hatthehi gahitarukkhasākhā viya pañcuddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanāni upari ākaḍḍhamānākārāni honti , tāni arahattamaggena jaheyyāti vadati . Pañca cuttari bhāvayeti etesaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ chindanatthāya ceva pahānatthāya ca uttari atirekaṃ visesaṃ bhāvento saddhāpañcamāni indriyāni bhāveyyāti attho .

Pañca saṅgātigoti rāgasaṅgo dosasaṅgo mohasaṅgo mānasaṅgo diṭṭhisaṅgoti ime pañca saṅge atikkanto . Oghatiṇṇoti vuccatīti caturoghatiṇṇoti kathīyati . Imāya pana gāthāya pañcindriyāni lokiyalokuttarāni kathitānīti . Katichindasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

6. Jāgarasuttavaṇṇanā

6. ChaṭṭheP1.25 jāgaratan ti jāgarantānaṃ .

Pañca jāgaratan ti vissajjanagāthāyaṃ pana saddhādīsu pañcasu indriyesu jāgarantesu pañca nīvaraṇā suttā nāma . Kasmā ? Yasmā taṃsamaṅgīpuggalo yattha katthaci nisinno vā ṭhito vā aruṇaṃ uṭṭhapentopi pamādatāya akusalasamaṅgitāya sutto nāma hoti . Evaṃ suttesu pañcasu nīvaraṇesu pañcindriyāni jāgarāni nāma . KasmāM1.24 ? Yasmā taṃsamaṅgīpuggalo yattha katthaci nipajjitvā niddāyantopi appamādatāya kusalasamaṅgitāya jāgaro nāma hoti . Pañcahi pana nīvaraṇeheva kilesarajaṃ ādiyati gaṇhāti parāmasati . PurimāV1.24 hi kāmacchandādayo pacchimānaṃ paccayā hontīti pañcahi indriyehi parisujjhatīti ayamattho veditabbo . Idhāpi pañcindriyāni lokiyalokuttarāneva kathitānīti . Jāgarasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

7. Appaṭividitasuttavaṇṇanā

7. Sattame dhammāti catusaccadhammā . Appaṭividitāti ñāṇena appaṭividdhā . Paravādesūti dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigatavādesu . Te hi ito paresaṃ titthiyānaṃ vādattā paravādā nāma . Nīyareti attano dhammatāyapi gacchanti , parenapi nīyanti . Tattha sayameva sassatādīni gaṇhantā gacchanti nāma , parassa vacanena tāni gaṇhantā nīyanti nāma . Kālo tesaṃ pabujjhitun ti tesaṃ puggalānaṃ pabujjhituṃ ayaṃ kālo . Lokasmiñhi buddho uppanno , dhammo desiyati , saṅgho suppaṭipanno , paṭipadā bhaddikā , ime ca pana mahājanā vaṭṭe suttā nappabujjhantīti devatā āha .

Sambuddhāti sammā hetunā kāraṇena buddhā . Cattāro hi buddhā – sabbaññubuddho , paccekabuddho , catusaccabuddho , sutabuddhoti . Tattha samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ patto sabbaññubuddho nāma . Kappasatasahassādhikāni dve asaṅkhyeyyāni pāramiyo pūretvā sayambhutaṃ patto paccekabuddho nāma . Avasesā khīṇāsavā catusaccabuddhā nāma . Bahussuto sutabuddho nāma . Imasmiṃ atthe tayopi purimā vaṭṭanti . Sammadaññāti sammā hetunāP1.26 kāraṇena jānitvā . Caranti visame saman ti visame vā lokasannivāse visame vā sattanikāye visame vā kilesajāte samaṃ carantīti .

Appaṭividitasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā . 8. Susammuṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā

8. AṭṭhameM1.25 susammuṭṭhāti paññāya appaṭividdhabhāveneva sunaṭṭhā . Yathā hi dve khettāni kasitvā , ekaṃ vapitvā , bahudhaññaṃ adhigatassa avāpitakhettato aladdhaṃ sandhāya ‘‘ bahuṃ me dhaññaṃ naṭṭhan ’’ ti vadanto aladdhameva ‘‘ naṭṭhan ’’ ti vadati , evamidhāpi appaṭividitāva susammuṭṭhā nāma .

Asammuṭṭhāti paññāya paṭividdhabhāveneva anaṭṭhā . Sesaṃ purimasadisamevāti . Susammuṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

9. Mānakāmasuttavaṇṇanā

9. NavameV1.25 mānakāmassāti mānaṃ kāmentassa icchantassa . Damoti evarūpassa puggalassa samādhipakkhiko damo natthīti vadati . ‘‘ Saccena danto damasā upeto , vedantagū vusitabrahmacariyo ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.195) ettha hi indriyasaṃvaro damoti vutto . ‘‘ Yadi saccā damā cāgā , khantyā bhiyyodha vijjatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.246; su . ni .191) ettha paññā . ‘‘ Dānena damena saṃyamena saccavajjena atthi puññaṃ , atthi puññassa āgamo ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.365) ettha uposathakammaṃ . ‘‘ Sakkhissasi kho tvaṃ , puṇṇa , iminā damūpasamena samannāgato sunāparantasmiṃ janapade viharitun ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.88; ma . ni .3.396) ettha adhivāsanakhanti . Imasmiṃ pana sutte damoti samādhipakkhikadhammānaṃ etaṃ nāmaṃ . Tenevāha –

‘‘ na monamatthi asamāhitassā ’’ ti . Tattha monan ti catumaggañāṇaṃ , tañhi munātīti monaṃ , catusaccadhamme jānātīti attho .

Maccudheyyassāti tebhūmakavaṭṭassa . Tañhi maccuno patiṭṭhānaṭṭhena maccudheyyanti vuccati . Pāran tiP1.27 tasseva pāraṃ nibbānaṃ . Tareyyāti paṭivijjheyya pāpuṇeyya vā . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – eko araññe viharanto pamatto puggalo maccudheyyassa pāraṃ na tareyya na paṭivijjheyya na pāpuṇeyyāti .

Mānaṃ pahāyāti arahattamaggena navavidhamānaṃ pajahitvā . Susamāhitattoti upacārappanāsamādhīhi suṭṭhu samāhitatto . Sucetasoti ñāṇasampayuttatāyaM1.26 sundaracitto . Ñāṇavippayuttacittena hi sucetasoti na vuccati , tasmā ñāṇasampayuttena sucetaso hutvāti attho . Sabbadhi vippamuttoti sabbesu khandhāyatanādīsu vippamutto hutvā .

Tareyyāti ettha tebhūmakavaṭṭaṃ samatikkamanto nibbānaṃ paṭivijjhanto taratīti paṭivedhataraṇaṃ nāma vuttaṃ . Iti imāya gāthāya tisso sikkhā kathitā honti . Kathaṃ – māno nāmāyaṃ sīlabhedano , tasmā ‘‘ mānaṃ pahāyā ’’ ti iminā adhisīlasikkhā kathitā hoti . ‘‘ Susamāhitatto ’’ ti iminā adhicittasikkhā . ‘‘ Sucetaso ’’ ti ettha cittena paññā dassitā , tasmā iminā adhipaññāsikkhā kathitā . Adhisīlañca nāma sīle sati hoti , adhicittaṃ citte sati , adhipaññā paññāya sati . Tasmā sīlaṃ nāma pañcapi dasapi sīlāni , pātimokkhasaṃvaro adhisīlaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ . Aṭṭha samāpattiyo cittaṃ , vipassanāpādakajjhānaṃ adhicittaṃ . Kammassakatañāṇaṃ paññā , vipassanā adhipaññā . Anuppannepi hi buddhuppāde pavattatīti pañcasīlaṃV1.26 dasasīlaṃ sīlameva , pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ buddhuppādeyeva pavattatīti adhisīlaṃ . Cittapaññāsupi eseva nayo . Apica nibbānaṃ patthayantena samādinnaṃ pañcasīlampi dasasīlampi adhisīlameva . Samāpannā aṭṭha samāpattiyopi adhicittameva . Sabbampi vā lokiyasīlaṃ sīlameva , lokuttaraṃ adhisīlaṃ . Cittapaññāsupi eseva nayoti . Iti imāya gāthāya samodhānetvā tisso sikkhā sakalasāsanaṃ kathitaṃ hotīti . Mānakāmasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

10. Araññasuttavaṇṇanā

10. Dasame santānan ti santakilesānaṃ , paṇḍitānaṃ vā . ‘‘ Santo have sabbhi pavedayanti ( jā .2.21.413), dūre santo pakāsantī ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .304) hi paṇḍitāpiP1.28 santoti vuttā . Brahmacārinan ti seṭṭhacārīnaṃ maggabrahmacariyavāsaṃ vasantānaṃ . Kena vaṇṇo pasīdatīti kena kāraṇena chavivaṇṇo pasīdatīti pucchati . Kasmā panesā evaṃ pucchati ? Esā kira vanasaṇḍavāsikā bhummadevatā āraññake bhikkhū pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkante araññaṃ pavisitvāM1.27 rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānesu mūlakammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā nisinne passati . Tesañca evaṃ nisinnānaṃ balavacittekaggatā uppajjati . Tato visabhāgasantati vūpasammati , sabhāgasantati okkamati , cittaṃ pasīdati . Citte pasanne lohitaṃ pasīdati , cittasamuṭṭhānāni upādārūpāni parisuddhāni honti , vaṇṭā pamuttatālaphalassa viya mukhassa vaṇṇo hoti . Taṃ disvā devatā cintesi – ‘‘ sarīravaṇṇo nāmāyaṃ paṇītāni rasasampannāni bhojanāni sukhasamphassāni nivāsanapāpuraṇasayanāni utusukhe tebhūmikādibhede ca pāsāde mālāgandhavilepanādīni ca labhantānaṃ pasīdati , ime pana bhikkhū piṇḍāya caritvā missakabhattaṃ bhuñjanti , viraḷamañcake vā phalake vā silāya vā sayanāni kappenti , rukkhamūlādīsu vā abbhokāse vā vasanti , kena nu kho kāraṇena etesaṃ vaṇṇo pasīdatī ’’ ti . Tasmā pucchi .

Athassā bhagavā kāraṇaṃ kathento dutiyaṃ gāthaṃ āha .

Tattha atītan ti atīte asuko nāma rājā dhammiko ahosi , so amhākaṃ paṇīte paccaye adāsi . Ācariyupajjhāyā lābhino ahesuṃ . Atha mayaṃ evarūpāni bhojanāni bhuñjimhā , cīvarāni pārupimhāti evaṃ ekacceV1.27 paccayabāhullikā viya ime bhikkhū atītaṃ nānusocanti . Nappajappanti nāgatan ti anāgate dhammiko rājā bhavissati , phītā janapadā bhavissanti , bahūni sappinavanītādīni uppajjissanti ,‘‘ khādatha bhuñjathā ’’ ti tattha tattha vattāro bhavissanti , tadā mayaṃ evarūpāni bhojanāni bhuñjissāma , cīvarāni pārupissāmāti evaṃ anāgataṃ na patthenti . Paccuppannenāti yena kenaci taṅkhaṇe laddhena yāpenti . Tenāti tena tividhenāpi kāraṇena .

Evaṃ vaṇṇasampattiṃ dassetvā idāni tasseva vaṇṇassa vināsaṃ dassento anantaraṃ gāthamāha .

TatthaP1.29 anāgatappajappāyāti anāgatassa patthanāya . Etenāti etena kāraṇadvayena .

Naḷova harito lutoti yathā harito naḷo lāyitvā uṇhapāsāṇe pakkhitto sussati , evaṃ sussantīti .

Araññasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā . Naḷavaggo paṭhamo .