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(SN)Sagāthāvaggo
(SN)Sagāthāvaggo

Paṭhamavaggo

作者: _System_commentary_ @ Administrator

1. Paṭhamavaggo

1. Paṭhamakassapasuttavaṇṇanā

82. DevaputtasaṃyuttassaV1.93P1.103M1.96 paṭhame devaputtoti devānañhi aṅke nibbattā purisā devaputtā nāma , itthiyo devadhītaro nāma honti . Nāmavasena apākaṭāva ‘‘ aññatarā devatā ’’ ti vuccati , pākaṭo ‘‘ itthannāmo devaputto ’’ ti . Tasmā heṭṭhā ‘‘ aññatarā devatā ’’ ti vatvā idha ‘‘ devaputto ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Anusāsan ti anusiṭṭhiṃ . Ayaṃ kira devaputto bhagavatā sambodhito sattame vasse yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā tidasapure vassaṃ upagamma abhidhammaṃ desentena jhānavibhaṅge – ‘‘ bhikkhūti samaññāya bhikkhu , paṭiññāya bhikkhū ’’ ti ( vibha .510). Evaṃ bhikkhuniddesaṃ kathiyamānaṃ assosi . ‘‘ Evaṃ vitakketha , mā evaṃ vitakkayittha , evaṃ manasikarotha , mā evaṃ manasākattha . Idaṃ pajahatha , idaṃ upasampajja viharathā ’’ ti ( pārā .19). Evarūpaṃ pana bhikkhuovādaṃ bhikkhuanusāsanaṃ na assosi . So taṃ sandhāya – ‘‘ bhikkhuṃ bhagavā pakāsesi , no ca bhikkhuno anusāsan ’’ ti āha .
Tena hīti yasmā mayā bhikkhuno anusiṭṭhi na pakāsitāti vadasi , tasmā . Taññevettha paṭibhātūti tuyhevesā anusiṭṭhipakāsanā upaṭṭhātūti . Yo hi pañhaṃ kathetukāmo hoti , na ca sakkoti sabbaññutaññāṇena saddhiṃ saṃsanditvā kathetuṃ . Yo vā na kathetukāmo hoti , sakkoti pana kathetuṃ . Yo vāP1.104 neva kathetukāmo hoti , kathetuṃ na ca sakkoti . Sabbesampi tesaṃ bhagavā pañhaṃ bhāraṃ na karoti . Ayaṃ pana devaputto kathetukāmo ceva , sakkoti ca kathetuṃ . Tasmā tasseva bhāraṃ karonto bhagavā evamāha . Sopi pañhaṃ kathesi .
TatthaV1.94 subhāsitassa sikkhethāti subhāsitaṃ sikkheyya , catusaccanissitaṃ dasakathāvatthunissitaṃ sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyanissitaṃ catubbidhaṃ vacīsucaritameva sikkheyya . Samaṇūpāsanassa cāti samaṇehi upāsitabbaṃ samaṇūpāsanaṃM1.97 nāma aṭṭhatiṃsabhedaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ , tampi sikkheyya bhāveyyāti attho . Bahussutānaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ upāsanampi samaṇūpāsanaṃ . Tampi ‘ kiṃ , bhante , kusalan ’’ tiādinā pañhapucchanena paññāvuddhatthaṃ sikkheyya .
Cittavūpasamassa cāti aṭṭhasamāpattivasena cittavūpasamaṃ sikkheyya . Iti devaputtena tisso sikkhā kathitā honti . Purimapadena hi adhisīlasikkhā kathitā , dutiyapadena adhipaññāsikkhā , cittavūpasamena adhicittasikkhāti evaṃ imāya gāthāya sakalampi sāsanaṃ pakāsitameva hoti .

Paṭhamaṃ . 2. Dutiyakassapasuttavaṇṇanā

83. Dutiye jhāyīti dvīhi jhānehi jhāyī . Vimuttacittoti kammaṭṭhānavimuttiyā vimuttacitto .
Hadayassānupattin ti arahattaṃ .
Lokassāti saṅkhāralokassa .
Anissitoti taṇhādiṭṭhīhi anissito , taṇhādiṭṭhiyo vā anissito . Tadānisaṃsoti arahattānisaṃso . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – arahattānisaṃso bhikkhu arahattaṃ patthento jhāyī bhaveyya , suvimuttacitto bhaveyya , lokassa udayabbayaṃ ñatvā anissito bhaveyya . Tantidhammo pana imasmiṃ sāsane pubbabhāgoti . Dutiyaṃ .

3-4. Māghasuttādivaṇṇanā

84. Tatiye māghoti sakkassetaṃ nāmaṃ .
Sveva vattena aññe abhibhavitvā devissariyaṃ pattoti vatrabhū , vatranāmakaṃ vā asuraṃ abhibhavatīti vatrabhū .
Tatiyaṃ .
85. CatutthaṃP1.105 vuttatthameva . Catutthaṃ .

5. Dāmalisuttavaṇṇanā

86. Pañcame na tenāsīsate bhavan ti tena kāraṇena yaṃ kiñci bhavaṃ na pattheti .
Āyatapaggaho nāmesa devaputto , khīṇāsavassa kiccavosānaṃ natthi . Khīṇāsavena hi ādito arahattappattiyāV1.95 vīriyaṃ kataṃM1.98 , aparabhāge mayā arahattaṃ pattanti mā tuṇhī bhavatu , tatheva vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ karotu parakkamatūti cintetvā evamāha . Atha bhagavā ‘‘ ayaṃ devaputto khīṇāsavassa kiccavosānaṃ akathento mama sāsanaṃ aniyyānikaṃ katheti , kiccavosānamassa kathessāmī ’’ ti cintetvā natthi kiccan tiādimāha . Tīsu kira piṭakesu ayaṃ gāthā asaṃkiṇṇā . Bhagavatā hi aññattha vīriyassa doso nāma dassito natthi . Idha pana imaṃ devaputtaṃ paṭibāhitvā ‘‘ khīṇāsavena pubbabhāge āsavakkhayatthāya araññe vasantena kammaṭṭhānaṃ ādāya vīriyaṃ kataṃ , aparabhāge sace icchati , karotu , no ce icchati , yathāsukhaṃ viharatū ’’ ti khīṇāsavassa kiccavosānadassanatthaṃ evamāha .
Tattha gādhan ti patiṭṭhaṃ .

Pañcamaṃ . 6. Kāmadasuttavaṇṇanā

87. Chaṭṭhe dukkaran ti ayaṃ kira devaputto pubbayogāvacaro bahalakilesatāya sappayogena kilese vikkhambhento samaṇadhammaṃ katvā pubbūpanissayamandatāya ariyabhūmiṃ appatvāva kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatto . So ‘‘ tathāgatassa santikaṃ gantvā dukkarabhāvaṃ ārocessāmī ’’ ti āgantvā evamāha . Tattha dukkaran ti dasapi vassāni … pe … saṭṭhipi yadetaṃ ekantaparisuddhassa samaṇadhammassa karaṇaṃ nāma , taṃ dukkaraṃ .
Sekhāti satta sekhā . Sīlasamāhitāti sīlena samāhitā samupetā . Ṭhitattāti patiṭṭhitasabhāvā . Evaṃ pucchitapañhaṃ vissajjetvā idāni uparipañhasamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ anagāriyupetassātiādimāha . TatthaP1.106 anagāriyupetassāti anagāriyaṃ niggehabhāvaṃ upetassa . Sattabhūmikepi hi pāsāde vasanto bhikkhu vuḍḍhatarena āgantvā ‘‘ mayhaṃ idaṃ pāpuṇātī ’’ ti vutte pattacīvaraṃ ādāya nikkhamateva . Tasmā ‘‘ anagāriyupeto ’’ ti vuccati .
Tuṭṭhīti catupaccayasantoso .
Bhāvanāyāti cittavūpasamabhāvanāya .
Te chetvā maccuno jālan ti ye rattindivaṃ indriyūpasame ratā , te dussamādahaṃ cittaṃ samādahanti . Ye ca samāhitacittā , te catupaccayasantosaṃ pūrentā na kilamanti . Ye santuṭṭhā , te sīlaṃ pūrentā na kilamantiM1.99 . Ye sīle patiṭṭhitā satta sekhā , te ariyā maccuno jālasaṅkhātaṃ kilesajālaṃ chinditvā gacchanti .
Duggamoti ‘‘ saccametaṃ , bhante , ye indriyūpasameV1.96 ratā , te dussamādahaṃ samādahanti … pe … ye sīle patiṭṭhitā , te maccuno jālaṃ chinditvā gacchanti ’’. Kiṃ na gacchissanti ? Ayaṃ pana duggamo bhagavā visamo maggoti āha . Tattha kiñcāpi ariyamaggo neva duggamo na visamo , pubbabhāgapaṭipadāya panassa bahū parissayā honti . Tasmā evaṃ vutto .
Avaṃsirāti ñāṇasirena adhosirā hutvā papatanti . Ariyamaggaṃ ārohituṃ asamatthatāyeva ca te anariyamagge papatantīti ca vuccanti .
Ariyānaṃ samo maggoti sveva maggo ariyānaṃ samo hoti . Visame samāti visamepi sattakāye samāyeva .

Chaṭṭhaṃ . 7. Pañcālacaṇḍasuttavaṇṇanā

88. Sattame sambādheti nīvaraṇasambādhaṃ kāmaguṇasambādhanti dve sambādhā . Tesu idha nīvaraṇasambādhaṃ adhippetaṃ .
Okāsan ti jhānassetaṃ nāmaṃ .
Paṭilīnanisabhoti paṭilīnaseṭṭho . Paṭilīno nāma pahīnamāno vuccati . Yathāha – ‘‘ kathañca , bhikkhave , bhikkhu paṭilīno hotiP1.107 . Idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhuno asmimāno pahīno hoti ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.38; mahāni .87).
Paccalatthaṃsūti paṭilabhiṃsu . Sammā teti ye nibbānapattiyā satiṃ paṭilabhiṃsu , te lokuttarasamādhināpi susamāhitāti missakajjhānaṃ kathitaṃ .

Sattamaṃ . 8. Tāyanasuttavaṇṇanā

89. Aṭṭhame purāṇatitthakaroti pubbe titthakaro . Ettha ca titthaṃ nāma dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo , titthakaro nāma tāsaṃ uppādako satthā . Seyyathidaṃ nando , vaccho , kiso , saṃkicco . Purāṇādayo pana titthiyā nāma . Ayaṃ pana diṭṭhiṃ uppādetvā kathaṃ sagge nibbattoti ? Kammavāditāya . Esa kira uposathabhattādīni adāsi , anāthānaṃ vattaṃ paṭṭhapesi , patissaye akāsi , pokkharaṇiyo khaṇāpesi , aññampi bahuṃ kalyāṇaṃ akāsi . So tassa nissandena sagge nibbatto , sāsanassaM1.100 pana niyyānikabhāvaṃ jānāti .
So tathāgatassa santikaṃ gantvā sāsanānucchavikā vīriyappaṭisaṃyuttā gāthā vakkhāmīti āgantvā chinda sotan tiādimāha .
TatthaV1.97 chindāti aniyamitaāṇatti . Sotan ti taṇhāsotaṃ . Parakkammāti parakkamitvā vīriyaṃ katvā . Kāmeti kilesakāmepi vatthukāmepi . Panudāti nīhara . Ekattan ti jhānaṃ . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kāme ajahitvā muni jhānaṃ na upapajjati , na paṭilabhatīti attho .
Kayirā ce kayirāthenan ti yadi vīriyaṃ kareyya , kareyyātha , taṃ vīriyaṃ na osakkeyya . Daḷhamenaṃ parakkameti daḷhaṃ enaṃ kareyya .
Sithilo hi paribbājoti sithilagahitā pabbajjā . Bhiyyo ākirate rajan ti atirekaṃP1.108 upari kilesarajaṃ ākirati .
Akataṃ dukkaṭaṃ seyyoti dukkaṭaṃ akatameva seyyo .
Yaṃ kiñcīti na kevalaṃ dukkaṭaṃ katvā katasāmaññameva , aññampi yaṃ kiñci sithilaṃ kataṃ evarūpameva hoti . Saṃkiliṭṭhan ti dukkarakārikavataṃ . Imasmiṃ hi sāsane paccayahetu samādinnadhutaṅgavataṃ saṃkiliṭṭhameva . Saṅkassaran ti saṅkāya saritaṃ ,‘‘ idampi iminā kataṃ bhavissati , idampi iminā ’’ ti evaṃ āsaṅkitaparisaṅkitaṃ .
Ādibrahmacariyikāti maggabrahmacariyassa ādibhūtā pubbapadhānabhūtā .

Aṭṭhamaṃ . 9. Candimasuttavaṇṇanā

90. Navame candimāti candavimānavāsī devaputto .
Sabbadhīti sabbesu khandhaāyatanādīsu .
Lokānukampakāti tuyhampi etassapi tādisā eva .
Santaramānovāti turito viya . Pamuñcasīti atītatthe vattamānavacanaṃ .

Navamaṃ . 10. Sūriyasuttavaṇṇanā

91. Dasame sūriyoti sūriyavimānavāsī devaputto .
Andhakāreti cakkhuviññāṇuppattinivāraṇena andhabhāvakaraṇe . Virocatīti verocano . Maṇḍalīti maṇḍalasaṇṭhāno . Mā , rāhu , gilī caramantalikkheti antalikkhe caraṃ sūriyaṃ , rāhu , mā gilīti vadati . Kiṃ panesa taṃ gilatītiM1.101 ? Āma , gilati . Rāhussa hi attabhāvo mahā , uccattanena aṭṭhayojanasatādhikāni cattāri yojanasahassāni , bāhantaramassa dvādasayojanasatāni , bahalattena cha yojanasatāni , sīsaṃ nava yojanasataṃ , nalāṭaṃ tiyojanasataṃ , bhamukantaraṃ paṇṇāsayojanaṃ , mukhaṃ dviyojanasataṃ , ghānaṃ tiyojanasataṃ , mukhādhānaṃ tiyojanasatagambhīraṃ hatthatalapādatalāni puthulato dviyojanasatāniP1.109 . Aṅgulipabbāni paṇṇāsa yojanāni . So candimasūriye virocamāne disvā issāpakatoV1.98 tesaṃ gamanavīthiṃ otaritvā mukhaṃ vivaritvā tiṭṭhati . Candavimānaṃ sūriyavimānaṃ vā tiyojanasatike mahānarake pakkhittaṃ viya hoti . Vimāne adhivatthā devatā maraṇabhayatajjitā ekappahāreneva viravanti . So pana vimānaṃ kadāci hatthena chādeti , kadāci hanukassa heṭṭhā pakkhipati , kadāci jivhāya parimajjati , kadāci avagaṇḍakārakaṃ bhuñjanto viya kapolantare ṭhapeti . Vegaṃ pana vāretuṃ na sakkoti . Sace vāressāmīti gaṇḍakaṃ katvā tiṭṭheyya , matthakaṃ tassa bhinditvā nikkhameyya , ākaḍḍhitvā vā naṃ onameyya . Tasmā vimānena saheva gacchati .
Pajaṃ maman ti candimasūriyā kira dvepi devaputtā mahāsamayasuttakathanadivase sotāpattiphalaṃ pattā . Tena bhagavā ‘‘ pajaṃ maman ’’ ti āha , putto mama esoti attho .
Dasamaṃ . Paṭhamo vaggo .