201.‘‘ PurimaṃV3.91 jātin ti purimāyaṃ jātiyaṃ , bhummatthe etaṃ upayogavacanan ’’ ti vadanti . ‘‘ Pubbe nivutthakkhandhasantāne ṭhito ’’ ti vacanato accantasaṃyoge vā upayogavacanaṃ . Yattha yattha hi jātiyaṃ mahāsatto puññakammaṃM3.101 kātuṃ ārabhati , ārabhato paṭṭhāya accantameva tattha puññakammappasuto hoti . Tenāha ‘‘ daḷhasamādāno ’’ tiādi . Sesapadadvayepi eseva nayo . Nivutthakkhandhā ‘‘ jātī ’’ ti vuttā khandhavinimuttāya jātiyā abhāvato , nibbattilakkhaṇassa ca vikārassa idha anupayujjanato . Jātavasenāti jāyanavasena . ‘‘ Tathā ’’ ti iminā ‘‘ pubbe nivutthakkhandhā ’’ ti imaṃ padaṃ upasaṃharati . Bhavanavasenāti paccayato nibbattanavasena . Nivutthavasenāti nivusitatāvasena . Ālayaṭṭhenāti āvasitabhāvena . Nivāsattho hi niketattho .

Tatthāti devalokādimhi . Ādi -saddena ekaccaṃ tiracchānayoniṃ saṅgaṇhāti . Na sukaran ti devagatiyā ekantasukhatāya , duggatiyā ekantadukkhatāya , dukkhabahulatāya ca puññakiriyāya okāso na sulabharūpo paccayasamavāyassa dullabhabhāvato , uppajjamānā ca sā uḷārā , vipulā ca na hotīti gativasenāpi khettavisesatā icchitabbā ‘‘ tiracchānagate dānaṃ datvā sataguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā , puthujjanadussīle dānaṃ datvā sahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.379) vacanatoP3.129 . Manussagatiyā pana sukhabahulatāya puññakiriyāya okāso sulabharūpo paccayasamavāyassa ca yebhuyyena sulabhabhāvato . Yañca tattha dukkhaṃ uppajjati , tampi visesato puññakiriyāya upanissayo hoti , dukkhūpanisā saddhāti . Yathā hi ayoghanena satthake nipphādiyamāne tassa ekantato aggimhi tāpanaṃ , udakena vā temanaṃ chedanakiriyāsamatthatāya na visesapaccayo , tāpetvā pana samānayogato udakatemanaṃ tassā visesapaccayo , evameva sattasantānassa ekantadukkhasamaṅgitā dukkhabahulatā ekantasukhasamaṅgitā sukhabahulatā ca puññakiriyāsamatthatāya na visesapaccayo , sati pana samānayogato dukkhasantāpane , sukhumabrūhane ca laddhūpanissayā puññakiriyā samatthatāya sambhavati , tathā sati uppajjamānā puññakiriyā mahājutikā mahāvipphārā paṭipakkhacchedanasamatthā hoti . Tasmā manussabhāvo puññakiriyāya visesapaccayo . Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ tattha na sukaraṃ , manussabhūtasseva sukaran ’’ ti . AthaM3.102 ‘‘ manussabhūtassā ’’ ti ettha ko vacanattho ? ‘‘ Manassa ussannatāya manussāti , sūrabhāvasatimantatābrahmacariyayogyatādiguṇavasenaV3.92 upacitamanakā ukkaṭṭhaguṇacittāti attho . Ke pana te ? Jambudīpavāsino sattavisesā . Tenāha bhagavā – ‘ Tīhi , bhikkhave , ṭhānehi jambudīpakā manussā uttarakuruke ca manusse adhiggaṇhanti deve ca tāvatiṃse . Katamehi tīhi ? Sūrā satimanto idha brahmacariyavāso ’ ti ( a . ni .9.21; kathā .271). Tathā hi buddhā bhagavanto , paccekabuddhā , aggasāvakāP3.130 , mahāsāvakā , cakkavattino , aññe ca mahānubhāvā sattā tattheva uppajjanti . Te hi samānarūpāditāya pana saddhiṃ parittadīpavāsīhi itaramahādīpavāsinopi manussā tveva paññāyiṃsū ’’ ti keci . Apare pana bhaṇanti ‘‘ lobhādīhi , alobhādīhi ca sahitassa manassa ussannatāya manussā . Ye hi sattā manussajātikā , tesu visesato lobhādayo , alobhādayo ca ussannā , te lobhādiussannatāya apāyamaggaṃ , alobhādiussannatāya sugatimaggaṃ , nibbānagāmimaggañca paripūrenti , tasmā lobhādīhi , alobhādīhi ca sahitassa manassa ussannatāya parittadīpavāsīhi saddhiṃ catudīpavāsino sattavisesā manussāti vuccantī ’’ ti . Lokiyā pana ‘‘ manuno apaccabhāvena manussā ’’ ti vadanti . Manu nāma paṭhamakappiko lokamariyādāya ādibhūto sattānaṃ hitāhitavidhāyako kattabbākattabbatāsu niyojanatāvasena pituṭṭhāniyo , yo sāsane ‘‘ mahāsammato ’’ ti vuccati amhākaṃ mahābodhisatto , paccakkhato , paramparā ca tassa ovādānusāsaniyaṃ ṭhitā sattā puttasadisatāya ‘‘ manussā , mānusā ’’ ti ca vuccanti . Tato eva hi te ‘‘ mānavā , manujā ’’ ti ca voharīyanti . Manussabhūtassāti manussesu bhūtassa jātassa , manussabhāvaṃ vā pattassāti attho . Ayañca nayo lokiyamahājanassa vasena vutto . Mahābodhisattānaṃ pana santānassa mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya kusaladhammapaṭipattiyaṃ sammadeva abhisaṅkhatattā tesaṃ sugatiyaṃ , attano uppajjanaduggatiyañca nibbattānaṃ kusalakammaṃ garutaramevāti dassetuṃ ‘‘ akāraṇaṃ vā etan ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . EvarūpeM3.103 attabhāveti hatthiādiattabhāve . Ṭhitena katakammaṃ na sakkā sukhena dīpetuṃ loke appaññātarūpattā . Sukhena dīpetuṃ ‘‘ asukasmiṃ dese asukasmiṃ nagare asuko nāma rājā , brāhmaṇo hutvā imaṃ kusalakammaṃ akāsī ’’ ti evaṃ suviññāpayabhāvato .

ThiraggahaṇotiP3.131 asithilaggāhī thāmappattaggahaṇo . Niccalaggahaṇoti acañcalaggāhī tattha kenacipi asaṃhāriyoV3.93 . Paṭikuṭatīti saṃkuṭati , jigucchanavasena vivaṭṭati vā . Pasāriyatīti vitthataṃ hoti vepullaṃ pāpuṇāti . Taveso mahāsamuddasadisoti eso udakogho teva mahāsamuddasadiso .

Dīyati etenāti dānaṃ , pariccāgacetanā . Diyyanavasenāti deyyadhammassa pariyattaṃ katvā pariccajanavasena dānaṃ . Saṃvibhāgakaraṇavasenāti tasseva attanā saddhiṃ parassa saṃvibhajanavasena saṃvibhāgo , tathāpavattā cetanā . Sīlasamādāneti sīlassa sammadeva ādāne , gahaṇe pavattaneti attho . Taṃ pavattikālena dassento ‘‘ pūraṇakāle ’’ ti āha . Mātu hito matteyyo , yassa pana dhammassa vasena so ‘‘ matteyyo ’’ ti vuccati , so matteyyatāti āha ‘‘ mātu kātabbavatte ’’ ti . Eseva nayo ‘‘ petteyyatāyā ’’ tiādīsu . Aññataraññataresūti aññamaññavisiṭṭhesu aññesu , te pana kusalabhāvena vuttā kusalāti āha ‘‘ evarūpesū ’’ ti . Adhikusalesūti abhivisiṭṭhesu kusalesu , sā pana abhivisiṭṭhatā upādāyupādāya hoti . Yaṃ panettha ukkaṃsagataṃ adhikusalaṃ , tadukkaṃsanayena idhādhippetanti taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ atthi kusalā , atthi adhikusalā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Nanu paññāpāramisaṅgahañāṇasambhārabhūtā kusalā dhammā nippariyāyena sabbaññutaññāṇapaṭilābhapaccayā kusalā nāma , ime pana mahāpurisalakkhaṇanibbattakā puññasambhārabhūtā kasmā tathā vuttāti ? Sabbesampi mahābodhisattasantānagatānaṃ pāramidhammānaṃP3.132 sabbaññutaññāṇapaṭilābhapaccayabhāvato . Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi mahāpuriso yaṃ kiñci puññaṃ karoti , sabbaṃ taṃ sammāsambodhisamadhigamāyeva pariṇāmeti . Tathā hi sasambhārābyāso , dīghakālābyāso , nirantarābyāso , sakkaccābyāsoti cattāro abyāsā caturadhiṭṭhānaparipūritasambandhā anupubbena mahābodhiṭṭhānā sampajjanti .

SakimpītiM3.104 pi -saddena anekavārampi kataṃ vijātiyena antaritaṃ saṅgaṇhāti . Abhiṇhakaraṇenāti bahulīkārena . Upacitan ti uparūpari vaḍḍhitaṃ . Piṇḍīkatan ti piṇḍaso kataṃ . Rāsīkatan ti rāsibhāvena kataṃ . Anekakkhattuñhi pavattiyamānaṃ kusalakammaṃ santāne tathāladdhaparibhāvanaṃ piṇḍībhūtaṃ viya , rāsībhūtaṃ viya ca hoti . Vipākaṃ pati saṃhaccakāribhāvattā cakkavāḷaṃ atisambādhaṃ bhavaggaṃ atinīcaṃ , sace pane taṃ rūpaṃ siyāti adhippāyo . Vipulattāti mahantattā . Yasmā pana taṃ kammaṃ mettākaruṇāsatisampajaññāhi pariggahitatāya durasamussāritaṃ pamāṇakaraṇadhammanti pamāṇarahitatāya ‘‘ appamāṇan ’’ ti vattabbataṃ arahati , tasmā ‘‘ appamāṇattā ’’ ti vuttaṃ . AdhibhavatītiV3.94 phalassa uḷārabhāvena abhibhuyya tiṭṭhati . Atthato paṇītapaṇītānaṃ bhogānaṃ paṭilābho evāti āha ‘‘ atirekaṃ labhatī ’’ ti . Adhigacchatīti vindati , nibbattamānova tena samannāgato hotīti attho .

Ekadesena aphusitvā sabbappadesehi phusanato sabbappadesehiP3.133 phusantiyo etesaṃ pādatalānaṃ santīti ‘‘ sabbāvantehi pādatalehī ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Yathā nikkhipane sabbe pādatalappadesā saṃhaccakārino aninnatāya samabhāvato , evaṃ uddharaṇepīti vuttaṃ ‘‘ samaṃ phusati , samaṃ uddharatī ’’ ti . Idāni imassa mahāpurisalakkhaṇassa samadhigamena laddhabbanissandaphalavibhāvanamukhena ānubhāvaṃ vibhāvetuṃ ‘‘ sacepi hī ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Tattha narakan ti āvāṭaṃ . Anto pavisati samabhāvāpattiyā . ‘‘ Cakkalakkhaṇena patiṭṭhātabbaṭṭhānan ’’ ti idaṃ yaṃ bhūmippadesaṃ pādatalaṃ phusati , tattha cakkalakkhaṇampi phusanavasena patiṭṭhātīti katvā vuttaṃ . Tassa pana tathā patiṭṭhānaṃ suppatiṭṭhitapādatāya evāti suppatiṭṭhitapādatāya ānubhāvakittane ‘‘ lakkhaṇantarānayanaṃ kimatthiyan ’’ ti na cintetabbaṃ .

Sīlatejenāti sīlappabhāvena . Puññatejenāti kusalappabhāvena . Dhammatejenāti ñāṇappabhāvena . Tīhipi padehi bhagavato buddhabhūtassa dhammā gahitā ,‘‘ dasannaṃ pāramīnan ’’ ti iminā buddhakaradhammā gahitā .

202. Mahāsamuddova sīmā sabbabhūmissarabhāvato .

‘‘ Akhilamanimittamakaṇṭakan ’’ ti tīhipi padehi theyyābhāvova vuttoti āha ‘‘ niccoran ’’ tiādiM3.105 .

Kharasamphassaṭṭhenāti ghaṭṭanena dukkhasamphassabhāvena khilāti . Upaddavapaccayaṭṭhenāti anatthahetutāya nimittāti .

‘‘ Akhilan ’’ tiādinā ekacārīhi corābhāvo vutto ,‘‘ nirabbudan ’’ ti iminā pana gaṇabandhavasena vicaraṇacorābhāvo vuttoti dassetuṃ ‘‘ gumbaṃ gumbaṃ hutvā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

AvikkhambhanīyotiP3.134 na vibandhanīyo kenaci appaṭibāhanīyo ṭhānato anikkaḍḍhanīyo .

Paṭipakkhaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ atthetīti paccatthiko , etena pākaṭabhāvena virodhaṃ akaronto veripuggalo vutto .

Paṭiviruddho amitto paccāmitto , etena pākaṭabhāvena virodhaṃ karonto veripuggalo vutto .

Vikkhambhetuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu , aññadatthu sayameva vighātabyasanaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu ceva sāvakattañca pavedesuṃ .

‘‘ Kamman ’’ tiādīsu kammaṃ nāma buddhabhāvaṃ uddissa katūpacito lakkhaṇasaṃvattaniyo puññasambhāro . Tenāha ‘‘ satasahassakappādhikānī ’’ tiādi .

Kammasarikkhakaṃ nāma tasseva puññasambhārassa karaṇakāle kenaci akampanīyassa daḷhāvatthitabhāvassa anucchaviko suppatiṭṭhitapādatāsaṅkhātassa lakkhaṇassa parehi avikkhambhanīyatāya ñāpakanimittabhāvo , svāyaṃ nimittabhāvo tasseva lakkhaṇassāti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘ kammasarikkhakaṃ nāma … pe … mahāpurisalakkhaṇan ’’ tiV3.95 vuttaṃ .

Ṭhānagamanesu pādānaṃ daḷhāvatthitabhāvo lakkhaṇaṃ nāma . Pādānaṃ bhūmiyaṃ samaṃ nikkhipanaṃ , pādatalānaṃ sabbabhāgehi phusanaṃ , samameva uddharaṇaṃ , tasmā suṭṭhu samaṃ sabbabhāgehi patiṭṭhitā pādā etassāti suppatiṭṭhitapādo , tassa bhāvo suppatiṭṭhitapādatāti vuccati lakkhaṇaṃ . Suṭṭhu samaṃ bhūmiyā phusaneneva hi nesaṃ tattha daḷhāvatthitabhāvo siddho , yaṃ ‘‘ kammasarikkhakan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Lakkhaṇānisaṃsoti lakkhaṇapaṭilābhassa udrayo , lakkhaṇasaṃvattaniyassa kammassa ānisaṃsaphalanti attho . Nissandaphalaṃ pana heṭṭhā bhāvitameva .

203. Kammādibhedeti kammakammasarikkhakalakkhaṇa lakkhaṇānisaṃsavisaññite vibhāge . Gāthābandhaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ , attho pana apubbaṃ natthīti adhippāyo .

Porāṇakattherāti aṭṭhakathācariyā . VaṇṇanāgāthātiP3.135 thomanāgāthā vuttamevatthaṃ gahetvā thomanāvasena pavattattā .

AparabhāgeM3.106 therā nāma pāḷiṃ , aṭṭhakathañca potthakāropanavasena samāgatā mahātherā , ye sāṭṭhakathaṃ piṭakattayaṃ potthakāruḷhaṃ katvā saddhammaṃ addhaniyaciraṭṭhitikaṃ akaṃsu . Ekapadikoti ‘‘ daḷhasamādāno ahosī ’’ tiādipāṭhe ekekapadagāhī . Atthuddhāroti tadatthassa sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ gāthābandhavasena uddharaṇato atthuddhārabhūto , tayidaṃ pāḷiyaṃ āgatapadāni gahetvā gāthābandhavasena tadatthavicāraṇabhāvadassanaṃ , na pana dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena ṭhapitabhāvapaṭikkhipananti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Kusaladhammānaṃ vacīsaccassa bahukārataṃ , tappaṭipakkhassa ca musāvādassa mahāsāvajjataṃ dassetuṃ anantarameva kusalakammapathadhamme vadantopi tato vacīsaccaṃ nīharitvā katheti sacceti vā sannidhāneva ‘‘ dhamme ’’ ti vuccamānā kusalakammapathadhammā eva yuttāti vuttaṃ ‘‘ dhammeti dasakusalakammapathadhamme ’’ ti . Gobalībaddañāyena vā ettha attho veditabbo .

Indriyadamaneti indriyasaṃvare .

Kusalakammapathagghaṇenassa vārittasīlameva gahitanti itarampi saṅgahetvā dassetuṃ saṃyamasseva gahaṇaṃ katanti ‘‘ saṃyameti sīlasaṃyame ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Suci vuccati puggalo yassa dhammassa vasena , taṃ soceyyaṃ , kāyasucaritādi . Etasseva hi vibhāgassa dassanatthaṃ vuttampi cetaṃ puna vuttaṃ , manosoceyyaggahaṇena vā jhānādiuttarimanussadhammānampi saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ soceyya ggahaṇaṃ .

Ālayabhūtan ti samathavipassanānaṃP3.136 adhiṭṭhānabhūtaṃ .

Uposathakamman ti uposathadivase samādiyitvā samācaritabbaṃ puññakammaṃ uposatho sahacaraṇañāyena .

‘‘ Avihiṃsāyāti sattānaṃ aviheṭhanāyā ’’ ti vadanti , taṃ pana sīlaggahaṇeneva gahitaṃ . Tasmā avihiṃsāyāti karuṇāyāti attho . Avihiṃsā ggahaṇeneva cettha appamaññāsāmaññena cattāropi brahmavihārā upacārāvatthā gahitā lakkhaṇahāranayena .

Sakalan ti anavasesaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ . Evamettha kāmāvacarattabhāvapariyāpannattā lakkhaṇassa taṃsaṃvattanikakāmāvacarakusaladhammā eva pāramitāsaṅgahapuññasambhārabhūtakāyasucaritādīhiV3.96 dvādasadhā vibhattā eva . Gāthāyaṃ ‘‘ sacce ’’ tiādinā dasadhā saṅgayha dassitā . Esa nayo sesalakkhaṇepi .

Aṃnubhīti gāthāsukhatthaṃ akāraṃ sānunāsikaṃ katvā vuttaṃ .

Byañjanāni lakkhaṇāni ācikkhantīti veyañjanikā .

Vikkhambhetabban ti paṭibāhitabbaṃ tassātiM3.107 mahāpurisassa , tassa vā mahāpurisalakkhaṇassa . Lakkhaṇasīsena cettha taṃsaṃvattanikapuññasambhāro vuccati .