4. Kasibhāradvājasuttavaṇṇanā

EvaṃV1.105 me sutan ti kasibhāradvājasuttaṃ .

Kā uppatti ?

Bhagavā magadhesu viharanto dakkhiṇāgirismiṃ ekanālāyaṃ brāhmaṇagāme purebhattakiccaṃ pacchābhattakiccanti imesu dvīsu buddhakiccesu purebhattakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā pacchābhattakiccāvasāne buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento kasibhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ arahattassa upanissayasampannaṃ disvā ‘‘ tattha mayi gate yathā pavattissati , tato kathāvasāne dhammadesanaṃ sutvā esa brāhmaṇo pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇissatī ’’ ti ca ñatvā , tattha gantvā , kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā , imaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi .

Tattha siyā ‘‘ katamaṃ buddhānaṃ purebhattakiccaṃ , katamaṃ pacchābhattakiccan ’’ ti ?

Vuccate – buddho bhagavā pāto eva uṭṭhāya upaṭṭhākānuggahatthaṃ sarīraphāsukatthañca mukhadhovanādisarīraparikammaṃ katvā yāva bhikkhācāravelā , tāva vivittāsane vītināmetvā , bhikkhācāravelāyaP1.132 nivāsetvā , kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā , cīvaraṃ pārupitvā , pattamādāya kadāci ekakova kadāci bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati , kadāci pakatiyā , kadāci anekehiM1.120 pāṭihāriyehi vattamānehi .

Seyyathidaṃ – piṇḍāya pavisato lokanāthassa purato purato gantvā mudugatiyo vātā pathaviṃ sodhenti ;

valāhakā udakaphusitāni muñcantā magge reṇuṃ vūpasametvā upari vitānaṃ hutvā tiṭṭhanti .

Apare vātā pupphāni upasaṃharitvā magge okiranti , unnatā bhūmippadesā onamanti , onatā unnamanti , pādanikkhepasamaye samāva bhūmi hoti , sukhasamphassāni rathacakkamattāni padumapupphāni vā pāde sampaṭicchanti , indakhīlassa anto ṭhapitamatte dakkhiṇapāde sarīrā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo niccharitvā suvaṇṇarasapiñjarāni viya citrapaṭaparikkhittāni viya ca pāsādakūṭāgārādīni karontiyo ito cito ca vidhāvanti , hatthiassavihaṅgādayo sakasakaṭṭhānesu ṭhitāyeva madhurenākārena saddaṃ karonti , tathā bherivīṇādīni tūriyāni manussānaṃ kāyūpagāni ca ābharaṇāni , tena saññāṇena manussā jānanti ‘‘ ajja bhagavā idha piṇḍāya paviṭṭho ’’ ti .

Te sunivatthā supārutā gandhapupphādīni ādāya gharā nikkhamitvā antaravīthiṃ paṭipajjitvā bhagavantaṃ gandhapupphādīhi sakkaccaṃ pūjetvā vanditvā –

‘‘ amhākaṃV1.106 , bhante , dasa bhikkhū , amhākaṃ vīsati , amhākaṃ bhikkhusataṃ dethā ’’ ti yācitvā bhagavatopi pattaṃ gahetvā , āsanaṃ paññāpetvā sakkaccaṃ piṇḍapātena paṭimānenti .

Bhagavā katabhattakicco tesaṃ santānāni oloketvā tathā dhammaṃ deseti , yathā keci saraṇagamane patiṭṭhahanti , keci pañcasu sīlesu , keci sotāpattisakadāgāmianāgāmiphalānaṃ aññatarasmiṃ , keci pabbajitvā aggaphale arahatteti .

Evaṃ tathā tathā janaṃ anuggahetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ gacchati .

Tattha maṇḍalamāḷe paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdati bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosānaṃ āgamayamāno .

Tato bhikkhūnaṃ bhattakiccapariyosāne upaṭṭhākoP1.133 bhagavato nivedeti .

Atha bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisati .

Idaṃ tāva purebhattakiccaṃ .

Yañcettha na vuttaṃ , taṃ brahmāyusutte vuttanayeneva gahetabbaṃ .

Atha bhagavā evaṃ katapurebhattakicco gandhakuṭiyā upaṭṭhāne nisīditvā , pāde pakkhāletvā , pādapīṭhe ṭhatvā , bhikkhusaṅghaṃ ovadati –

‘‘ bhikkhave , appamādena sampādetha , buddhuppādo dullabho lokasmiṃ , manussapaṭilābho dullabho , saddhāsampatti dullabhā , pabbajjā dullabhā , saddhammassavanaṃ dullabhaṃM1.121 lokasmin ’’ ti .

Tato bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ vanditvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ pucchanti .

Atha bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ cariyavasena kammaṭṭhānaṃ deti .

Te kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetvā , bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā , attano attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanti ;

keci araññaṃ , keci rukkhamūlaṃ , keci pabbatādīnaṃ aññataraṃ , keci cātumahārājikabhavanaṃ … pe … keci vasavattibhavananti .

Tato bhagavā gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā sace ākaṅkhati , dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno muhuttaṃ sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti .

Atha samassāsitakāyo uṭṭhahitvā dutiyabhāge lokaṃ voloketi .

Tatiyabhāge yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati , tattha jano purebhattaṃ dānaṃ datvā pacchābhattaṃ sunivattho supāruto gandhapupphādīni ādāya vihāre sannipatati .

Tato bhagavā sampattaparisāya anurūpena pāṭihāriyena gantvā dhammasabhāyaṃ paññattavarabuddhāsane nisajja dhammaṃ deseti kālayuttaṃ pamāṇayuttaṃ .

Atha kālaṃ viditvā parisaṃ uyyojeti .

Tato sace gattāni osiñcitukāmo hoti .

Atha buddhāsanā uṭṭhāya upaṭṭhākena udakapaṭiyāditokāsaṃ gantvā , upaṭṭhākahatthato udakasāṭikaṃ gahetvā , nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisati .

Upaṭṭhākopi buddhāsanaṃ ānetvā gandhakuṭipariveṇe paññāpeti .

Bhagavā gattāni osiñcitvā , surattadupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvāP1.134 , kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā , uttarāsaṅgaṃ katvā , tattha āgantvā , nisīdati ekakova muhuttaṃ paṭisallīno .

Atha bhikkhū tato tato āgamma bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchanti .

TatthaV1.107 ekacce pañhaṃ pucchanti , ekacce kammaṭṭhānaṃ , ekacce dhammassavanaṃ yācanti .

Bhagavā tesaṃ adhippāyaṃ sampādento paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ vītināmeti .

Majjhimayāme sakaladasasahassilokadhātudevatāyo okāsaṃ labhamānā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanti yathābhisaṅkhataṃ antamaso caturakkharampi .

Bhagavā tāsaṃ devatānaṃ pañhaṃ vissajjento majjhimayāmaṃ vītināmeti .

Tato pacchimayāmaṃ cattāro bhāge katvā ekaṃ bhāgaṃ caṅkamaṃ adhiṭṭhāti , dutiyabhāgaṃ gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā dakkhiṇena passena sato sampajāno sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti , tatiyabhāgaṃ phalasamāpattiyā vītināmeti , catutthabhāgaṃ mahākaruṇāsamāpattiṃ pavisitvā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ voloketi apparajakkhamahārajakkhādisattadassanatthaṃ .

Idaṃ pacchābhattakiccaṃ .

EvamimassaM1.122 pacchābhattakiccassa lokavolokanasaṅkhāte catutthabhāgāvasāne buddhadhammasaṅghesu dānasīlauposathakammādīsu ca akatādhikāre katādhikāre ca anupanissayasampanne upanissayasampanne ca satte passituṃ buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento kasibhāradvājaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ arahattassa upanissayasampannaṃ disvā ‘‘ tattha mayi gate kathā pavattissati , tato kathāvasāne dhammadesanaṃ sutvā esa brāhmaṇo pabbajitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇissatī ’’ ti ca ñatvā , tattha gantvā , kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpetvā imaṃ suttamabhāsi .

Tattha evaṃ me sutan tiādi āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle dhammasaṅgītiṃ karontena āyasmatā mahākassapattherena puṭṭhena pañcannaṃ arahantasatānaṃ vuttaṃ ,‘‘ ahaṃ , kho , samaṇa kasāmi ca vapāmi cā ’’ ti kasibhāradvājena vuttaṃ ,‘‘ ahampi kho brāhmaṇa kasāmiP1.135 ca vapāmi cā ’’ tiādi bhagavatā vuttaṃ .

Tadetaṃ sabbampi samodhānetvā ‘‘ kasibhāradvājasuttan ’’ ti vuccati .

Tattha evan ti ayaṃ ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇattho evaṃ-saddo .

Ākāratthena hi etena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇamanekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattehi sakasakabhāsānurūpamupalakkhaṇiyasabhāvaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ , taṃ sabbākārena ko samattho viññātuṃ ;

atha , kho ,‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayāpi ekenākārena sutan ’’ ti .

Nidassanatthena ‘‘ nāhaṃ sayambhū , na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan ’’ ti attānaṃ parimocento ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayā evaṃ sutan ’’ ti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalasuttaṃ nidasseti .

AvadhāraṇatthenaV1.108 ‘‘ etadaggaṃ , bhikkhave , mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando , gatimantānaṃ , satimantānaṃ , dhitimantānaṃ , upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.219-223) evaṃ bhagavatā pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukamyataṃ janeti ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ tañca atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ , evameva , na aññathā daṭṭhabban ’’ ti .

Me sutan ti ettha mayāsaddattho me-saddo , sotadvāraviññāṇattho sutasaddo .

Tasmā evaṃ me sutanti evaṃ mayā sotaviññāṇapubbaṅgamāya viññāṇavīthiyā upadhāritanti vuttaṃ hoti .

EkaṃM1.123 samayan ti ekaṃ kālaṃ .

Bhagavāti bhāgyavā , bhaggavā , bhattavāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Magadhesu viharatīti magadhā nāma janapadino rājakumārā , tesaṃ nivāso ekopi janapado ruḷhīsaddena ‘‘ magadhā ’’ ti vuccati .

Tasmiṃ magadhesu janapade .

Keci pana ‘‘ yasmā cetiyarājā musāvādaṃ bhaṇitvā bhūmiṃ pavisanto ‘ mā gadhaṃ pavisā ’ ti vutto , yasmā vā taṃ rājānaṃ maggantā bhūmiṃ khanantā purisā ‘ mā gadhaṃ karothā ’ ti vuttā , tasmā magadhā ’’ ti evamādīhi nayehi bahudhāP1.136 papañcenti .

Yaṃ ruccati , taṃ gahetabbanti .

Viharatīti ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aparena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati , pavattetīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Dibbabrahmaariyavihārehi vā sattānaṃ vividhaṃ hitaṃ haratīti viharati .

Haratīti upasaṃharati , upaneti , janeti , uppādetīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tathā hi yadā sattā kāmesu vippaṭipajjanti , tadā kira bhagavā dibbena vihārena viharati tesaṃ alobhakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ –

‘‘ appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādetvā kāmesu virajjeyyun ’’ ti .

Yadā pana issariyatthaṃ sattesu vippaṭipajjanti , tadā brahmavihārena viharati tesaṃ adosakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ –

‘‘ appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādetvā adosena dosaṃ vūpasameyyun ’’ ti .

Yadā pana pabbajitā dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vivadanti , tadā ariyavihārena viharati tesaṃ amohakusalamūluppādanatthaṃ –

‘‘ appeva nāma imaṃ paṭipattiṃ disvā ettha ruciṃ uppādetvā amohena mohaṃ vūpasameyyun ’’ ti .

Iriyāpathavihārena pana na kadāci na viharati taṃ vinā attabhāvapariharaṇābhāvatoti .

Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāraṃ pana maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vakkhāma .

Dakkhiṇāgirismin ti yo so rājagahaṃ parivāretvā ṭhito giri , tassa dakkhiṇapasse janapado ‘‘ dakkhiṇāgirī ’’ ti vuccati , tasmiṃ janapadeti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tattha vihārassāpi tadeva nāmaṃ .

Ekanāḷāyaṃ brāhmaṇagāmeti ekanāḷāti tassa gāmassa nāmaṃ .

Brāhmaṇā cettha sambahulā paṭivasanti , brāhmaṇabhogo vā so , tasmā ‘‘ brāhmaṇagāmo ’’ ti vuccati .

TenaV1.109 kho pana samayenāti yaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aparājitapallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko magadharaṭṭheM1.124 ekanāḷaṃ brāhmaṇagāmaṃ upanissāya dakkhiṇāgirimahāvihāreP1.137 brāhmaṇassa indriyaparipākaṃ āgamayamāno viharati , tena samayena karaṇabhūtenāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Kho panāti idaṃ panettha nipātadvayaṃ padapūraṇamattaṃ , adhikārantaradassanatthaṃ vāti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Kasibhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassāti so brāhmaṇo kasiyā jīvati , bhāradvājoti cassa gottaṃ , tasmā evaṃ vuccati .

Pañcamattānīti yathā –

‘‘ bhojane mattaññū ’’ ti ettha mattasaddo pamāṇe vattati , evamidhāpi , tasmā pañcapamāṇāni anūnāni anadhikāni , pañcanaṅgalasatānīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Payuttānīti payojitāni , balibaddānaṃ khandhesu ṭhapetvā yuge yottehi yojitāni hontīti attho .

Vappakāleti vapanakāle , bījanikkhipakāleti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tattha dve vappāni kalalavappañca , paṃsuvappañca .

Paṃsuvappaṃ idha adhippetaṃ .

Tañca kho paṭhamadivase maṅgalavappaṃ .

Tatthāyaṃ upakaraṇasampadā – tīṇi balibaddasahassāni upaṭṭhāpitāni honti , sabbesaṃ suvaṇṇamayāni siṅgāni paṭimukkāni , rajatamayā khurā , sabbe setamālāhi sabbagandhasugandhehi pañcaṅgulikehi ca alaṅkatā paripuṇṇaṅgapaccaṅgā sabbalakkhaṇasampannā , ekacce kāḷā añjanavaṇṇāyeva , ekacce setā phalikavaṇṇā , ekacce rattā pavāḷavaṇṇā , ekacce kammāsā masāragallavaṇṇā .

Pañcasatā kassakapurisā sabbe ahatasetavatthanivatthā mālālaṅkatā dakkhiṇaaṃsakūṭesu ṭhapitapupphacumbaṭakā haritālamanosilālañchanujjalitagattabhāgā dasa dasa naṅgalā ekekagumbā hutvā gacchanti .

Naṅgalānaṃ sīsañca yugañca patodā ca suvaṇṇavinaddhā .

Paṭhamanaṅgale aṭṭha balibaddā yuttā , sesesu cattāro cattāro , avasesā kilantaparivattanatthaṃ ānītā .

Ekekagumbe ekamekaṃ bījasakaṭaṃ ekeko kasati , ekeko vapati .

Brāhmaṇo pana pageva massukammaṃ kārāpetvā nhatvā sugandhagandhehi vilitto pañcasatagghanakaṃP1.138 vatthaṃ nivāsetvā sahassagghanakaṃ ekaṃsaṃ karitvā ekamekissā aṅguliyā dve dve katvā vīsati aṅgulimuddikāyo , kaṇṇesu sīhakuṇḍalāni , sīse ca brahmaveṭhanaṃ paṭimuñcitvā suvaṇṇamālaṃ kaṇṭheM1.125 katvā brāhmaṇagaṇaparivuto kammantaṃ vosāsati .

Athassa brāhmaṇī anekasatabhājanesu pāyāsaṃ pacāpetvā mahāsakaṭesu āropetvā gandhodakena nhāyitvā sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitā brāhmaṇīgaṇaparivutā kammantaṃ agamāsi .

Gehampissa sabbattha gandhehi suvilittaṃ pupphehi sukatabalikammaṃ , khettañca tesu tesu ṭhānesu samussitapaṭākaṃ ahosi .

ParijanakammakārehiV1.110 saha kammantaṃ osaṭaparisā aḍḍhateyyasahassā ahosi .

Sabbe ahatavatthanivatthā , sabbesañca pāyāsabhojanaṃ paṭiyattaṃ ahosi .

Atha brāhmaṇo yattha sāmaṃ bhuñjati , taṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ dhovāpetvā pāyāsassa pūretvā sappimadhuphāṇitādīni abhisaṅkharitvā naṅgalabalikammaṃ kārāpesi .

Brāhmaṇī pañca kassakasatāni suvaṇṇarajatakaṃsatambamayāni bhājanāni gahetvā nisinnāni suvaṇṇakaṭacchuṃ gahetvā pāyāsena parivisantī gacchati .

Brāhmaṇo pana balikammaṃ kārāpetvā rattasuvaṇṇabandhūpāhanāyo ārohitvā rattasuvaṇṇadaṇḍaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ idha pāyāsaṃ detha , idha sappiṃ , idha sakkharaṃ dethā ’’ ti vosāsamāno vicarati .

Atha bhagavā gandhakuṭiyaṃ nisinnova brāhmaṇassa parivesanaṃ vattamānaṃ ñatvā ‘‘ ayaṃ kālo brāhmaṇaṃ dametun ’’ ti nivāsetvā , kāyabandhanaṃ bandhitvā , saṅghāṭiṃ pārupitvā , pattaṃ gahetvā , gandhakuṭito nikkhami yathā taṃ anuttaro purisadammasārathi .

Tenāha āyasmā ānando ‘‘ atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā ’’ ti .

Tattha atha iti nipāto aññādhikāravacanārambhe khotiP1.139 padapūraṇe .

Bhagavāti vuttanayameva .

Pubbaṇhasamayan ti divasassa pubbabhāgasamayaṃ , pubbaṇhasamayeti attho , pubbaṇhe vā samayaṃ pubbaṇhasamayaṃ , pubbaṇhe ekaṃ khaṇanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Evaṃ accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ labbhati .

Nivāsetvāti paridahitvā , vihāranivāsanaparivattanavasenetaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Na hi bhagavā tato pubbe anivattho āsi .

Pattacīvaramādāyāti pattaṃ hatthehi , cīvaraṃ kāyena ādiyitvā , sampaṭicchitvā dhāretvāti attho .

Bhagavato kira piṇḍāya pavisitukāmassa bhamaro viya vikasitapadumadvayamajjhaṃ , indanīlamaṇivaṇṇaṃM1.126 selamayaṃ pattaṃ hatthadvayamajjhaṃ āgacchati .

Tasmā evamāgataṃ pattaṃ hatthehi sampaṭicchitvā cīvarañca parimaṇḍalaṃ pārutaṃ kāyena dhāretvāti evamassa attho veditabbo .

Yena vā tena vā hi pakārena gaṇhanto ādāya icceva vuccati yathā ‘‘ samādāyeva pakkamatī ’’ ti .

Yenāti yena maggena .

Kammantoti kammakaraṇokāso .

Tenāti tena maggena .

Upasaṅkamīti gato , yena maggena kasibhāradvājassa brāhmaṇassa kammanto gammati , tena maggena gatoti vuttaṃ hoti .

Atha kasmā , bhikkhū , bhagavantaṃ nānubandhiṃsūti ?

Vuccate – yadā bhagavā ekakova katthaci upasaṅkamitukāmo hoti , bhikkhācāravelāyaṃ dvāraṃ pidahitvā antogandhakuṭiṃ pavisati .

Tato bhikkhū tāya saññāya jānanti –

‘‘ ajja bhagavā ekakova gāmaṃ pavisitukāmo , addhā kañci eva vinetabbapuggalaṃ addasā ’’ ti .

Te attano pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā , gandhakuṭiṃ padakkhiṇaṃV1.111 katvā , bhikkhācāraṃ gacchanti .

Tadā ca bhagavā evamakāsi .

Tasmā bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ nānubandhiṃsūti .

TenaP1.140 kho pana samayenāti yena samayena bhagavā kammantaṃ upasaṅkami , tena samayena tassa brāhmaṇassa parivesanā vattati , bhattavissaggo vattatīti attho .

Yaṃ pubbe avocumha –

‘‘ brāhmaṇī pañca kassakasatāni suvaṇṇarajatakaṃsatambamayāni bhājanāni gahetvā nisinnāni suvaṇṇakaṭacchuṃ gahetvā pāyāsena parivisantī gacchatī ’’ ti .

Atha kho bhagavā yena parivesanā tenupasaṅkami .

Kiṃ kāraṇāti ?

Brāhmaṇassa anuggahakaraṇatthaṃ .

Na hi bhagavā kapaṇapuriso viya bhottukāmatāya parivesanaṃ upasaṅkamati .

Bhagavato hi dve asītisahassasaṅkhyā sakyakoliyarājāno ñātayo , te attano sampattiyā nibaddhabhattaṃ dātuṃ ussahanti .

Na pana bhagavā bhattatthāya pabbajito , apica kho pana ‘‘ anekāni asaṅkhyeyyāni pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajanto pāramiyo pūretvā mutto mocessāmi , danto damessāmi ;

santo samessāmi , parinibbuto parinibbāpessāmī ’’ ti pabbajito .

Tasmā attano muttattā … pe … parinibbutattā ca paraṃ mocento … pe … parinibbāpento ca loke vicaranto brāhmaṇassa anuggahakaraṇatthaṃ yena parivesanā tenupasaṅkamīti veditabbaṃ .

UpasaṅkamitvāM1.127 ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsīti evaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ca ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi .

Ekamantan ti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso , ekokāsaṃ ekapassanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Bhummatthe vā upayogavacanaṃ , tassa dassanūpacāre kathāsavanaṭṭhāne , yattha ṭhitaṃ brāhmaṇo passati , tattha uccaṭṭhāne aṭṭhāsi .

Ṭhatvā ca suvaṇṇarasapiñjaraṃ sahassacandasūriyobhāsātibhāsayamānaṃ sarīrābhaṃ muñci samantato asītihatthaparimāṇaṃ , yāya ajjhottharitattā brāhmaṇassa kammantasālābhittirukkhakasitamattikāpiṇḍādayo suvaṇṇamayā viya ahesuṃ .

Atha manussā pāyāsaṃ bhuttā asītianubyañjanaparivāradvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitasarīraṃ byāmappabhāparikkhepavibhūsitabāhuyugaḷaṃ ketumālāsamujjalitasassirikadassanaṃP1.141 jaṅgamamiva padumassaraṃ , raṃsijālujjalitatārāgaṇamiva gaganatalaṃ , ādittamiva ca kanakagirisikharaṃ siriyā jalamānaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ disvā hatthapāde dhovitvā añjaliṃ paggayha samparivāretvā aṭṭhaṃsu .

Evaṃ tehi samparivāritaṃ addasa kho kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ piṇḍāya ṭhitaṃ .

Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ ahaṃ kho , samaṇa , kasāmi ca vapāmi cā ’’ ti .

Kasmā panāyaṃ evamāha ?

Kiṃ samantapāsādike pasādanīye uttamadamathasamathamanuppattepi bhagavatiV1.112 appasādena , udāhu aḍḍhateyyānaṃ janasahassānaṃ pāyāsaṃ paṭiyādetvāpi kaṭacchubhikkhāya maccherenāti ?

Ubhayathāpi no , apica khvāssa bhagavato dassanena atittaṃ nikkhittakammantaṃ janaṃ disvā ‘‘ kammabhaṅgaṃ me kātuṃ āgato ’’ ti anattamanatā ahosi .

Tasmā evamāha .

Bhagavato ca lakkhaṇasampattiṃ disvā ‘‘ sacāyaṃ kammante payojayissa , sakalajambudīpe manussānaṃ sīse cūḷāmaṇi viya abhavissa , ko nāmassa attho na sampajjissa , evamevaṃ alasatāya kammante appayojetvā vappamaṅgalādīsu piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjanto kāyadaḷhībahulo vicaratī ’’ tipissa ahosi .

Tenāha –

‘‘ ahaṃ kho , samaṇa , kasāmi ca vapāmi ca , kasitvā ca vapitvā ca bhuñjāmī ’’ ti .

Na me kammantā byāpajjanti , na camhi yathā tvaṃ evaṃ lakkhaṇasampannoti adhippāyo .

Tvampi samaṇa … pe … bhuñjassu , ko te attho na sampajjeyya evaṃ lakkhaṇasampannassāti adhippāyo .

ApicāyaṃM1.128 assosi –

‘‘ sakyarājakule kira kumāro uppanno , so cakkavattirajjaṃ pahāya pabbajito ’’ ti .

Tasmā ‘‘ idāni ayaṃ so ’’ ti ñatvā ‘‘ cakkavattirajjaṃ kira pahāya kilantosī ’’ ti upārambhaṃ karonto āha ‘‘ ahaṃ kho samaṇā ’’ ti .

Apicāyaṃ tikkhapañño brāhmaṇo , na bhagavantaṃ avakkhipantoP1.142 bhaṇati , bhagavato pana rūpasampattiṃ disvā paññāsampattiṃ sambhāvayamāno kathāpavattanatthampi evamāha –

‘‘ ahaṃ kho samaṇā ’’ ti .

Tato bhagavā veneyyavasena sadevake loke aggakassakavappakabhāvaṃ attano dassento āha ‘‘ ahampi kho brāhmaṇā ’’ ti .

Atha brāhmaṇassa cintā udapādi –

‘‘ ayaṃ samaṇo ‘ kasāmi ca vapāmi cā ’ ti āha .

Na cassa oḷārikāni yuganaṅgalādīni kasibhaṇḍāni passāmi , so musā nu kho bhaṇati , no ’’ ti bhagavantaṃ pādatalā paṭṭhāya yāva upari kesantā sammālokayamāno aṅgavijjāya katādhikārattā dvattiṃsavaralakkhaṇasampattimassa ñatvā ‘‘ aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso , yaṃ evarūpo musā bhaṇeyyā ’’ ti tāvadeva sañjātabahumāno bhagavati samaṇavādaṃ pahāya gottena bhagavantaṃ samudācaramāno āha ‘‘ na kho pana mayaṃ passāma bhoto gotamassā ’’ ti .

Evañca pana vatvā tikkhapañño brāhmaṇo ‘‘ gambhīratthaṃ sandhāya iminā etaṃ vuttan ’’ ti ñatvā pucchitvā tamatthaṃ ñātukāmo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi .

Tenāha āyasmā ānando ‘‘ atha kho kasibhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsī ’’ ti .

Tattha gāthāyāti akkharapadaniyamitena vacanena .

Ajjhabhāsīti abhāsi .

76-77.

TatthaV1.113 brāhmaṇo ‘‘ kasin ’’ ti yuganaṅgalādikasisambhārasamāyogaṃ vadati .

Bhagavā pana yasmā pubbadhammasabhāgena ropetvā kathanaṃ nāma buddhānaṃ ānubhāvo , tasmā buddhānubhāvaṃ dīpento pubbadhammasabhāgena ropento āha –

‘‘ saddhā bījan ’’ ti .

Ko panettha pubbadhammasabhāgo , nanu brāhmaṇena bhagavā yuganaṅgalādikasisambhārasamāyogaṃ pucchito atha ca pana apucchitassa bījassa sabhāgena ropento āha –

‘‘ saddhā bījan ’’ ti , evañca sati ananusandhikāva ayaṃ kathā hotīti ?

Vuccate – na buddhānaṃM1.129 ananusandhikā nāma kathā atthi , nāpi buddhā pubbadhammasabhāgaṃ anāropetvā kathenti .

EvañcetthaP1.143 anusandhi veditabbā – anena hi brāhmaṇena bhagavā yuganaṅgalādikasisambhāravasena kasiṃ pucchito .

So tassa anukampāya ‘‘ idaṃ apucchitan ’’ ti aparihāpetvā samūlaṃ saupakāraṃ sasambhāraṃ saphalaṃ kasiṃ ñāpetuṃ mūlato paṭṭhāya kasiṃ dassento āha –

‘‘ saddhā bījan ’’ ti .

Bījañhi kasiyā mūlaṃ tasmiṃ sati kattabbato , asati akattabbato , tappamāṇena ca kattabbato .

Bīje hi sati kasiṃ karonti , asati na karonti .

Bījappamāṇena ca kusalā kassakā khettaṃ kasanti , na ūnaṃ ‘‘ mā no sassaṃ parihāyī ’’ ti , na adhikaṃ ‘‘ mā no mogho vāyāmo ahosī ’’ ti .

Yasmā ca bījameva mūlaṃ , tasmā bhagavā mūlato paṭṭhāya kasiṃ dassento tassa brāhmaṇassa kasiyā pubbadhammassa bījassa sabhāgena attano kasiyā pubbadhammaṃ ropento āha –

‘‘ saddhā bījan ’’ ti .

Evamettha pubbadhammasabhāgo veditabbo .

Pucchitaṃyeva vatvā apucchitaṃ pacchā kiṃ na vuttanti ce ?

Tassa upakārabhāvato dhammasambandhasamatthabhāvato ca .

Ayañhi brāhmaṇo paññavā , micchādiṭṭhikule pana jātattā saddhāvirahito .

Saddhāvirahito ca paññavā paresaṃ saddhāya attano visaye apaṭipajjamāno visesaṃ nādhigacchati , kilesakālussiyabhāvāpagamappasādamattalakkhaṇāpi cassa dubbalā saddhā balavatiyā paññāya saha vattamānā atthasiddhiṃ na karoti , hatthinā saha ekadhure yuttagoṇo viya .

Tasmā tassa saddhā upakārikā .

Evaṃ tassa brāhmaṇassa saupakārabhāvato taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ saddhāya patiṭṭhāpentena pacchāpi vattabbo ayamattho pubbe vutto desanākusalatāya yathā aññatrāpi ‘‘ saddhā bandhati pātheyyan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.79) ca ,‘‘ saddhā dutiyā purisassa hotī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.59) ca ,‘‘ saddhīdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.73,246; su . ni .184) ca ,‘‘ saddhāya tarati oghan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.246) ca ,‘‘ saddhāhattho mahānāgo ’’ ti ( a . ni .6.43; theragā .694) ca ,‘‘ saddhesiko kho , bhikkhave , ariyasāvakoti cā ’’ ti ( a . ni .7.67).

Bījassa ca upakārikāV1.114 vuṭṭhi , sā tadanantaraññeva vuccamānā samatthā hotiP1.144 .

Evaṃ dhammasambandhasamatthabhāvatoM1.130 pacchāpi vattabbo ayamattho pubbe vutto , añño ca evaṃvidho īsāyottādi .

Tattha sampasādanalakkhaṇā saddhā , okappanalakkhaṇā vā , pakkhandanarasā , adhimuttipaccupaṭṭhānā , akālussiyapaccupaṭṭhānā vā , sotāpattiyaṅgapadaṭṭhānā , saddahitabbadhammapadaṭṭhānā vā , ādāsajalatalādīnaṃ pasādo viya cetaso pasādabhūtā , udakappasādakamaṇi viya udakassa , sampayuttadhammānaṃ pasādikā .

Bījan ti pañcavidhaṃ – mūlabījaṃ , khandhabījaṃ , phalubījaṃ , aggabījaṃ , bījabījameva pañcamanti .

Taṃ sabbampi viruhanaṭṭhena bījaṃtveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati .

Yathāha –

‘‘ bījañcetaṃ viruhanaṭṭhenā ’’ ti .

Tattha yathā brāhmaṇassa kasiyā mūlabhūtaṃ bījaṃ dve kiccāni karoti , heṭṭhā mūlena patiṭṭhāti , upari aṅkuraṃ uṭṭhāpeti ;

evaṃ bhagavato kasiyā mūlabhūtā saddhā heṭṭhā sīlamūlena patiṭṭhāti , upari samathavipassanaṅkuraṃ uṭṭhāpeti .

Yathā ca taṃ mūlena pathavirasaṃ āporasaṃ gahetvā nāḷena dhaññaparipākagahaṇatthaṃ vaḍḍhati ;

evamayaṃ sīlamūlena samathavipassanārasaṃ gahetvā ariyamagganāḷena ariyaphaladhaññaparipākagahaṇatthaṃ vaḍḍhati .

Yathā ca taṃ subhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhahitvā mūlaṅkurapaṇṇanāḷakaṇḍappasavehi vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ patvā , khīraṃ janetvā , anekasāliphalabharitaṃ sālisīsaṃ nipphādeti ;

evamayaṃ cittasantāne patiṭṭhahitvā sīlacittadiṭṭhikaṅkhāvitaraṇamaggāmaggañāṇadassanapaṭipadāñāṇadassanavisuddhīhi vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ patvā ñāṇadassanavisuddhikhīraṃ janetvā anekapaṭisambhidābhiññābharitaṃ arahattaphalaṃ nipphādeti .

Tenāha bhagavā –

‘‘ saddhā bījan ’’ ti .

Tattha siyā ‘‘ paropaññāsakusaladhammesu ekato uppajjamānesu kasmā saddhāva bījanti vuttā ’’ ti ?

Vuccate – bījakiccakaraṇato .

Yathā hi tesu viññāṇaṃyeva vijānanakiccaṃ karoti , evaṃ saddhā bījakiccaṃ , sā ca sabbakusalānaṃ mūlabhūtā .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Saddhājāto upasaṅkamati , upasaṅkamanto payirupāsati , payirupāsanto sotaṃ odahatiP1.145 , ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇāti , sutvā dhammaṃ dhāreti , dhatānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhatiM1.131 , atthaṃ upaparikkhato dhammā nijjhānaṃ khamanti , dhammanijjhānakkhantiyā sati chando jāyati , chandajāto ussahati , ussāhetvā tulayati , tulayitvā padahati , pahitattoV1.115 samāno kāyena ceva paramasaccaṃ sacchikaroti , paññāya ca naṃ ativijjhapassatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .2.183,432).

Tapati akusale dhamme kāyañcāti tapo ;

indriyasaṃvaravīriyadhutaṅgadukkarakārikānaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Idha pana indriyasaṃvaro adhippeto .

Vuṭṭhīti vassavuṭṭhivātavuṭṭhītiādinā anekavidhā .

Idha vassavuṭṭhi adhippetā .

Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa vassavuṭṭhisamanuggahitaṃ bījaṃ bījamūlakañca sassaṃ viruhati na milāyati nipphattiṃ gacchati , evaṃ bhagavato indriyasaṃvarasamanuggahitā saddhā saddhāmūlā ca sīlādayo dhammā viruhanti na milāyanti nipphattiṃ gacchanti .

Tenāha –

‘‘ tapo vuṭṭhī ’’ ti .

‘‘ Paññā me ’’ ti ettha ca vutto me-saddo imesupi padesu yojetabbo ‘‘ saddhā me bījaṃ , tapo me vuṭṭhī ’’ ti .

Tena kiṃ dīpeti ?

Yathā , brāhmaṇa , tayā vapite bīje sace vuṭṭhi atthi , sādhu , no ce atthi , udakampi dātabbaṃ hoti , tathā mayā hiri-īse paññāyuganaṅgale manoyottena ekābaddhe kate vīriyabalibadde yojetvā satipācanena vijjhitvā attano cittasantānakhette saddhābīje vapite vuṭṭhi-abhāvo nāma natthi .

Ayaṃ pana me satataṃ samitaṃ tapo vuṭṭhīti .

Pajānāti etāya puggalo , sayaṃ vā pajānātīti paññā , sā kāmāvacarādibhedato anekavidhā .

Idha pana saha vipassanāya maggapaññā adhippetā .

Yuganaṅgalan ti yugañca naṅgalañca .

Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa yuganaṅgalaṃ , evaṃP1.146 bhagavato duvidhāpi paññā .

Tattha yathā yugaṃ īsāya upanissayaṃ hoti , purato hoti , īsābaddhaṃ hoti , yottānaṃ nissayaṃ hoti , balibaddānaṃ ekato gamanaṃ dhāreti , evaṃ paññā hiripamukhānaṃ dhammānaṃ upanissayā hoti .

Yathāha –

‘‘ paññuttarā sabbe kusalā dhammā ’’ ti ( a . ni .8.83) ca ,‘‘ paññā hi seṭṭhā kusalā vadanti , nakkhattarājāriva tārakānan ’’ ti ( jā .2.17.81) ca .

Kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena purato ca hoti .

Yathāha –

‘‘ sīlaṃ hirī cāpi satañca dhammo , anvāyikā paññavato bhavantī ’’ ti .

HirivippayogenaM1.132 anuppattito īsābaddhā hoti , manosaṅkhātassa samādhiyottassa nissayapaccayato yottānaṃ nissayo hoti , accāraddhātilīnabhāvapaṭisedhanato vīriyabalibaddānaṃ ekato gamanaṃ dhāreti .

Yathā ca naṅgalaṃ phālayuttaṃ kasanakāle pathavighanaṃ bhindati , mūlasantānakāni padāleti , evaṃ satiyuttā paññā vipassanākāle dhammānaṃ santatisamūhakiccārammaṇaghanaṃ bhindati , sabbakilesamūlasantānakāni padāleti .

Sā ca kho lokuttarāva itarā pana lokiyāpi siyā .

Tenāha –

‘‘ paññā me yuganaṅgalan ’’ ti .

HirīyatiV1.116 etāya puggalo , sayaṃ vā hirīyati akusalappavattiṃ jigucchatīti hirī .

Taggahaṇena sahacaraṇabhāvato ottappaṃ gahitaṃyeva hoti .

Īsāti yuganaṅgalasandhārikā dāruyaṭṭhi .

Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa īsā yuganaṅgalaṃ sandhāreti , evaṃ bhagavatopi hirī lokiyalokuttarapaññāsaṅkhātaṃ yuganaṅgalaṃ sandhāreti hiriyā asati paññāya abhāvato .

Yathā ca īsāpaṭibaddhaṃ yuganaṅgalaṃ kiccakaraṃ hoti acalaṃ asithilaṃ , evaṃ hiripaṭibaddhā ca paññā kiccakārī hoti acalā asithilā abbokiṇṇā ahirikena .

Tenāha ‘‘ hirī īsā ’’ ti .

Munātīti mano , cittassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Idha pana manosīsenaP1.147 taṃsampayutto samādhi adhippeto .

Yottan ti rajjubandhanaṃ .

Taṃ tividhaṃ īsāya saha yugassa bandhanaṃ , yugena saha balibaddānaṃ bandhanaṃ , sārathinā saha balibaddānaṃ bandhananti .

Tattha yathā brāhmaṇassa yottaṃ īsāyugabalibadde ekābaddhe katvā sakakicce paṭipādeti , evaṃ bhagavato samādhi sabbeva te hiripaññāvīriyadhamme ekārammaṇe avikkhepabhāvena bandhitvā sakakicce paṭipādeti .

Tenāha –

‘‘ mano yottan ’’ ti .

Sarati etāya cirakatādimatthaṃ puggalo , sayaṃ vā saratīti sati , sā asammussanalakkhaṇā .

Phāletīti phālo .

Pājeti etenāti pājanaṃ .

Taṃ idha ‘‘ pācanan ’’ ti vuccati , patodassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Phālo ca pācanañca phālapācanaṃ .

Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa phālapācanaṃ , evaṃ bhagavato vipassanāyuttā maggayuttā ca sati .

Tattha yathā phālo naṅgalamanurakkhati , purato cassa gacchati , evaṃ sati kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesamānā ārammaṇe vā upaṭṭhāpayamānā paññānaṅgalaṃ rakkhati , tathā hi ‘‘ satārakkhenaM1.133 cetasā viharatī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .10.20)‘‘ ārakkhā ’’ ti vuttā .

Asammussanavasena cassa purato hoti .

Satiparicite hi dhamme paññā pajānāti , no sammuṭṭhe .

Yathā ca pācanaṃ balibaddānaṃ vijjhanabhayaṃ dassentaṃ saṃsīdanaṃ na deti , uppathagamanañca vāreti , evaṃ sati vīriyabalibaddānaṃ apāyabhayaṃ dassentī kosajjasaṃsīdanaṃ na deti , kāmaguṇasaṅkhāte agocare cāraṃ nivāretvā kammaṭṭhāne niyojentī uppathagamanañca vāreti .

Tenāha –

‘‘ sati me phālapācanan ’’ ti .

78. Kāyaguttoti tividhena kāyasucaritena gutto .

Vacīguttoti catubbidhena vacīsucaritena gutto .

Ettāvatā pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlaṃ vuttaṃ .

Āhāre udare yatoti ettha āhāramukhena sabbapaccayānaṃ saṅgahitattā catubbidhepi paccayeP1.148 yato saṃyato nirupakkilesoti attho .

Iminā ājīvapārisuddhisīlaṃ vuttaṃ .

Udare yatoti udare yato saṃyato mitabhojī , āhāreV1.117 mattaññūti vuttaṃ hoti .

Iminā bhojane mattaññutāmukhena paccayapaṭisevanasīlaṃ vuttaṃ .

Tena kiṃ dīpeti ?

Yathā tvaṃ , brāhmaṇa , bījaṃ vapitvā sassaparipālanatthaṃ kaṇṭakavatiṃ vā rukkhavatiṃ vā pākāraparikkhepaṃ vā karosi , tena te gomahiṃsamigagaṇā pavesaṃ alabhantā sassaṃ na vilumpanti , evamahampi saddhābījaṃ vapitvā nānappakārakusalasassaparipālanatthaṃ kāyavacīāhāraguttimayaṃ tividhaparikkhepaṃ karomi .

Tena me rāgādiakusaladhammagomahiṃsamigagaṇā pavesaṃ alabhantā nānappakārakusalasassaṃ na vilumpantīti .

Saccaṃ karomi niddānan ti ettha dvīhi dvārehi avisaṃvādanaṃ saccaṃ .

Niddānan ti chedanaṃ lunanaṃ uppāṭanaṃ , karaṇatthe cetaṃ upayogavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Ayañhi ettha attho ‘‘ saccena karomi niddānan ’’ ti .

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?

Yathā tvaṃ bāhiraṃ kasiṃ kasitvā sassadūsakānaṃ tiṇānaṃ hatthena vā asitena vā niddānaṃ karosi ;

evamahampi ajjhattikaṃ kasiṃ kasitvā kusalasassadūsakānaṃ visaṃvādanatiṇānaṃ saccena niddānaṃ karomi .

Ñāṇasaccaṃ vā ettha saccanti veditabbaṃ , yaṃ taṃ yathābhūtañāṇanti vuccati .

Tena attasaññādīnaṃ tiṇānaṃ niddānaṃ karomīti evaṃ yojetabbaṃ .

Atha vā niddānan ti chedakaṃ lāvakaṃ , uppāṭakanti attho .

Evaṃ sante yathā tvaṃ dāsaṃ vā kammakaraṃM1.134 vā niddānaṃ karosi ,‘‘ niddehi tiṇānī ’’ ti tiṇānaṃ chedakaṃ lāvakaṃ uppāṭakaṃ karosi ;

evamahaṃ saccaṃ karomīti upayogavacaneneva vattuṃ yujjati .

Atha vā saccan ti diṭṭhisaccaṃ .

Tamahaṃ niddānaṃ karomi , chinditabbaṃ lunitabbaṃ uppāṭetabbaṃ karomīti evampi upayogavacaneneva vattuṃ yujjati .

Soraccaṃ me pamocanan ti ettha yaṃ taṃ ‘‘ kāyiko avītikkamo , vācasiko avītikkamo ’’ ti , evaṃP1.149 sīlameva ‘‘ soraccan ’’ ti vuttaṃ , na taṃ idha adhippetaṃ , vuttameva etaṃ ‘‘ kāyagutto ’’ tiādinā nayena , arahattaphalaṃ pana adhippetaṃ .

Tampi hi sundare nibbāne ratabhāvato ‘‘ soraccan ’’ ti vuccati .

Pamocanan ti yoggavissajjanaṃ .

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?

Yathā tava pamocanaṃ punapi sāyanhe vā dutiyadivase vā anāgatasaṃvacchare vā yojetabbato appamocanameva hoti , na mama evaṃ .

Na hi mama antarā mocanaṃ nāma atthi .

Ahañhi dīpaṅkaradasabalakālato pabhuti paññānaṅgale vīriyabalibadde yojetvā cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca mahākasiṃ kasanto tāva na muñciṃ , yāva na sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhi .

Yadā ca me sabbaṃ taṃ kālaṃ khepetvā bodhirukkhamūle aparājitapallaṅke nisinnassa sabbaguṇaparivāraṃ arahattaphalaṃ udapādi , tadā mayā taṃ sabbussukkapaṭippassaddhippattiyāV1.118 pamuttaṃ , na dāni puna yojetabbaṃ bhavissatīti .

Etamatthaṃ sandhāyāha bhagavā –

‘‘ soraccaṃ me pamocanan ’’ ti .

79. Vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhan ti ettha vīriyan ti ‘‘ kāyiko vā , cetasiko vā vīriyārambho ’’ tiādinā nayena vuttapadhānaṃ .

Dhurāyaṃ dhorayhaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ , dhuraṃ vahatīti attho .

Yathā hi brāhmaṇassa dhurāyaṃ dhorayhākaḍḍhitaṃ naṅgalaṃ bhūmighanaṃ bhindati , mūlasantānakāni ca padāleti , evaṃ bhagavato vīriyākaḍḍhitaṃ paññānaṅgalaṃ yathāvuttaṃ ghanaṃ bhindati , kilesasantānakāni ca padāleti .

Tenāha –

‘‘ vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhan ’’ ti .

Atha vā purimadhuraṃ vahantā dhurā , mūladhuraṃ vahantā dhorayhā ;

dhurā ca dhorayhā ca dhuradhorayhā .

Tattha yathā brāhmaṇassa ekamekasmiṃ naṅgale catubalibaddappabhedaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ vahantaṃ uppannānuppannatiṇamūlaghātaṃ sassasampattiñca sādheti , evaṃ bhagavato catusammappadhānavīriyappabhedaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ vahantaṃ uppannānuppannākusalamūlaghātaṃ kusalasampattiñcaP1.150 sādheti .

Tenāha –

‘‘ vīriyaṃ me dhuradhorayhan ’’ ti .

Yogakkhemādhivāhanan tiM1.135 ettha yogehi khemattā ‘‘ yogakkheman ’’ ti nibbānaṃ vuccati , taṃ adhikatvā vāhīyati , abhimukhaṃ vā vāhīyatīti adhivāhanaṃ .

Yogakkhemassa adhivāhanaṃ yogakkhemādhivāhanaṃ .

Tena kiṃ dīpeti ?

Yathā tava dhuradhorayhaṃ puratthimaṃ disaṃ pacchimādīsu vā aññataraṃ abhimukhaṃ vāhīyati , tathā mama dhuradhorayhaṃ nibbānābhimukhaṃ vāhīyati .

Evaṃ vāhiyamānañca gacchati anivattantaṃ .

Yathā tava naṅgalaṃ vahantaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ khettakoṭiṃ patvā puna nivattati , evaṃ anivattantaṃ dīpaṅkarakālato pabhuti gacchateva .

Yasmā vā tena tena maggena pahīnā kilesā punappunaṃ pahātabbā na honti , yathā tava naṅgalena chinnāni tiṇāni punapi aparasmiṃ samaye chinditabbāni honti , tasmāpi etaṃ paṭhamamaggavasena diṭṭhekaṭṭhe kilese , dutiyavasena oḷārike , tatiyavasena anusahagate kilese , catutthavasena sabbakilese pajahantaṃ gacchati anivattantaṃ .

Atha vā gacchati anivattan ti nivattanarahitaṃ hutvā gacchatīti attho .

Nti taṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ .

Evampettha padacchedo veditabbo .

Evaṃ gacchantañca yathā tava dhuradhorayhaṃ na taṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchati , yattha gantvā kassako asoko nissoko virajo hutvā na socati , etaṃ pana taṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchati , yattha gantvā na socati .

Yattha satipācanena etaṃ vīriyadhuradhorayhaṃ codento gantvā mādiso kassako asoko nissoko virajo hutvā na socati , taṃ sabbasokasallasamugghātabhūtaṃ nibbānāmatasaṅkhātaṃ ṭhānaṃ gacchatīti .

80. IdāniV1.119 nigamanaṃ karonto bhagavā imaṃ gāthamāha –

‘‘ Evamesā kasī kaṭṭhā , sā hoti amatapphalā ;

Etaṃ kasiṃ kasitvāna , sabbadukkhā pamuccatī ’’ ti .

Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – mayā brāhmaṇa esā saddhābījā tapovuṭṭhiyā anuggahitā kasi , paññāmayaṃ yuganaṅgalaṃ , hirimayañca īsaṃ , manomayena yottena , ekābaddhaṃP1.151 katvā , paññānaṅgale satiphālaṃ ākoṭetvā , satipācanaṃ gahetvā , kāyavacīāhāraguttiyā gopetvā , saccaṃ niddānaṃ katvā , soraccaṃ pamocanaṃ vīriyaṃ dhuradhorayhaṃ yogakkhemābhimukhaṃ anivattantaṃ vāhentena kaṭṭhā , kasikammapariyosānaṃ catubbidhaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ pāpitā , sāM1.136 hoti amatapphalā , sā esā kasi amatapphalā hoti .

Amataṃ vuccati nibbānaṃ , nibbānānisaṃsā hotīti attho .

Sā kho panesā kasi na mamevekassa amatapphalā hoti , apica , kho , pana yo koci khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā etaṃ kasiṃ kasati , so sabbopi etaṃ kasiṃ kasitvāna , sabbadukkhā pamuccati , sabbasmā vaṭṭadukkhadukkhadukkhasaṅkhāradukkhavipariṇāmadukkhā pamuccatīti .

Evaṃ bhagavā brāhmaṇassa arahattanikūṭena nibbānapariyosānaṃ katvā desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi .

Tato brāhmaṇo gambhīratthaṃ desanaṃ sutvā ‘‘ mama kasiphalaṃ bhuñjitvā aparajju eva chāto hoti , imassa pana kasi amatapphalā , tassā phalaṃ bhuñjitvā sabbadukkhā pamuccatī ’’ ti ca viditvā pasanno pasannākāraṃ kātuṃ pāyāsaṃ dātumāraddho .

Tenāha ‘‘ atha kho kasibhāradvājo ’’ ti .

Tattha mahatiyāti mahatiyanti attho .

Kaṃsapātiyāti suvaṇṇapātiyaṃ , satasahassagghanake attano suvaṇṇathāle .

Vaḍḍhetvāti chupitvā , ākiritvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Bhagavato upanāmesīti sappimadhuphāṇitādīhi vicitraṃ katvā , dukūlavitānena paṭicchādetvā , ukkhipitvā , sakkaccaṃ tathāgatassa abhihari .

Kinti ?

‘‘ Bhuñjatu bhavaṃ gotamo pāyāsaṃ , kassako bhavan ’’ ti .

Tato kassakabhāvasādhakaṃ kāraṇamāha ‘‘ yañhi … pe … kasatī ’’ ti , yasmā bhavaṃ … pe … kasatīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Atha bhagavā ‘‘ gāthābhigītaṃ me ’’ ti āha .

81. Tattha gāthābhigītan ti gāthāhi abhigītaṃ , gāthāyo bhāsitvā laddhanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Meti mayā .

Abhojaneyyan ti bhuñjanārahaṃ na hoti .

Sampassatan ti sammā ājīvasuddhiṃ passataṃP1.152 , samantā vā passataṃ sampassataṃ , buddhānanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Nesa dhammoti ‘‘ gāthābhigītaṃ bhuñjitabban ’’ tiV1.120 esa dhammo etaṃ cārittaṃ na hoti , tasmā gāthābhigītaṃ panudanti buddhā paṭikkhipanti na bhuñjantīti .

Kiṃ pana bhagavatā pāyāsatthaṃ gāthā abhigītā , yena evamāhāti ?

Na etadatthaṃ abhigītā , apica , kho , pana pāto paṭṭhāya khettasamīpe ṭhatvā kaṭacchubhikkhampi alabhitvā puna sakalabuddhaguṇe pakāsetvā laddhaṃ tadetaṃ naṭanaccakādīhi naccitvā gāyitvā ca laddhasadisaṃ hoti , tena ‘‘ gāthābhigītan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Tādisañca yasmāM1.137 buddhānaṃ na kappati , tasmā ‘‘ abhojaneyyan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Appicchatānurūpañcetaṃ na hoti , tasmāpi pacchimaṃ janataṃ anukampamānena ca evaṃ vuttaṃ .

Yatra ca nāma parappakāsitenāpi attano guṇena uppannaṃ lābhaṃ paṭikkhipanti seyyathāpi appiccho ghaṭikāro kumbhakāro , tatra kathaṃ koṭippattāya appicchatāya samannāgato bhagavā attanāva attano guṇappakāsanena uppannaṃ lābhaṃ sādiyissati , yato yuttameva etaṃ bhagavato vattunti .

Ettāvatā ‘‘ appasannaṃ adātukāmaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ gāthāgāyanena dātukāmaṃ katvā , samaṇo gotamo bhojanaṃ paṭiggahesi , āmisakāraṇā imassa desanā ’’ ti imamhā lokāpavādā attānaṃ mocento desanāpārisuddhiṃ dīpetvā , idāni ājīvapārisuddhiṃ dīpento āha ‘‘ dhamme satī brāhmaṇa vuttiresā ’’ ti tassattho – ājīvapārisuddhidhamme vā dasavidhasucaritadhamme vā buddhānaṃ cārittadhamme vā sati saṃvijjamāne anupahate vattamāne vuttiresā ekantavodātā ākāse pāṇippasāraṇakappā esanā pariyesanā jīvitavutti buddhānaṃ brāhmaṇāti .

82. Evaṃ vutte brāhmaṇo ‘‘ pāyāsaṃ me paṭikkhipati , akappiyaṃ kiretaṃ bhojanaṃ , adhañño vatasmiṃ , dānaṃ dātuṃP1.153 na labhāmī ’’ ti domanassaṃ uppādetvā ‘‘ appeva nāma aññaṃ paṭiggaṇheyyā ’’ ti ca cintesi .

Taṃ ñatvā bhagavā ‘‘ ahaṃ bhikkhācāravelaṃ paricchinditvā āgato –

‘ ettakena kālena imaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ pasādessāmī ’ ti , brāhmaṇo ca domanassaṃ akāsi .

Idāni tena domanassena mayi cittaṃ pakopetvā amatavaradhammaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ na sakkhissatī ’’ ti brāhmaṇassa pasādajananatthaṃ tena patthitamanorathaṃ pūrento āha ‘‘ aññena ca kevalinan ’’ ti .

Tattha kevalinan ti sabbaguṇaparipuṇṇaṃ , sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ vāti attho .

Mahantānaṃ sīlakkhandhādīnaṃ guṇānaṃ esanato mahesiṃ .

Parikkhīṇasabbāsavattā khīṇāsavaṃ .

Hatthapādakukkuccamādiṃ katvā vūpasantasabbakukkuccattā kukkuccavūpasantaṃ .

Upaṭṭhahassūti parivisassu paṭimānayassu .

Evaṃ brāhmaṇena citte uppāditepi pariyāyameva bhaṇati , na tu bhaṇati ‘‘ dehi , āharāhī ’’ ti .

Sesamettha uttānameva .

AthaV1.121M1.138 brāhmaṇo ‘‘ ayaṃ pāyāso bhagavato ānīto nāhaṃ arahāmi taṃ attano chandena kassaci dātun ’’ ti cintetvā āha ‘‘ atha kassa cāhan ’’ ti .

Tato bhagavā ‘‘ taṃ pāyāsaṃ ṭhapetvā tathāgataṃ tathāgatasāvakañca aññassa ajīraṇadhammo ’’ ti ñatvā āha –

‘‘ na khvāhaṃ tan ’’ ti .

Tattha sadevaka vacanena pañcakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ , samāraka vacanena chaṭṭhakāmāvacaradevaggahaṇaṃ , sabrahmaka vacanena rūpāvacarabrahmaggahaṇaṃ arūpāvacarā pana bhuñjeyyunti asambhāvaneyyā .

Sassamaṇabrāhmaṇi vacanena sāsanapaccatthikapaccāmittasamaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇaṃ samitapāpabāhitapāpasamaṇabrāhmaṇaggahaṇañca .

Pajā vacanena sattalokaggahaṇaṃ , sadevamanussa vacanena sammutidevaavasesamanussaggahaṇaṃ .

Evamettha tīhi vacanehi okāsaloko , dvīhi pajāvasena sattaloko gahitoti veditabbo .

Esa saṅkhepo , vitthāraṃ pana āḷavakasutteP1.154 vaṇṇayissāma .

Kasmā pana sadevakādīsu kassaci na sammā pariṇāmaṃ gaccheyyāti ?

Oḷārike sukhumojāpakkhipanato .

Imasmiñhi pāyāse bhagavantaṃ uddissa gahitamatteyeva devatāhi ojā pakkhittā yathā sujātāya pāyāse , cundassa ca sūkaramaddave paccamāne , verañjāyañca bhagavatā gahitagahitālope , bhesajjakkhandhake ca kaccānassa guḷhakumbhasmiṃ avasiṭṭhaguḷhe .

So oḷārike sukhumojāpakkhipanato devānaṃ na pariṇamati .

Devā hi sukhumasarīrā , tesaṃ oḷāriko manussāhāro na sammā pariṇamati .

Manussānampi na pariṇamati .

Manussā hi oḷārikasarīrā , tesaṃ sukhumā dibbojā na sammā pariṇamati .

Tathāgatassa pana pakatiaggināva pariṇamati , sammā jīrati .

Kāyabalañāṇabalappabhāvenāti eke tathāgatasāvakassa khīṇāsavassetaṃ samādhibalena mattaññutāya ca pariṇamati , itaresaṃ iddhimantānampi na pariṇamati .

Acintanīyaṃ vā ettha kāraṇaṃ , buddhavisayo esoti .

Tena hi tvan ti yasmā aññaṃ na passāmi , mama na kappati , mama akappantaṃ sāvakassāpi me na kappati , tasmā tvaṃ brāhmaṇāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Appahariteti parittaharitatiṇe , apparuḷharitatiṇe vā pāsāṇapiṭṭhisadise .

Appāṇaketi nippāṇake , pāyāsajjhottharaṇakāraṇena maritabbapāṇarahite vā mahāudakakkhandhe .

Saha tiṇanissitehi pāṇehi tiṇānaṃ pāṇakānañca anurakkhaṇatthāya etaṃ vuttaṃ .

Cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyatītiM1.139 evaṃ saddaṃ karoti .

Saṃdhūpāyatīti samantā dhūpāyati .

Sampadhūpāyatīti tatheva adhimattaṃ dhūpāyati .

Kasmā evaṃ ahosīti ?

Bhagavato ānubhāvena , na udakassa , na pāyāsassa , na brāhmaṇassa , na aññesaṃ devayakkhādīnaṃ .

Bhagavā hi brāhmaṇassa dhammasaṃvegatthaṃ tathā adhiṭṭhāsi .

Seyyathāpi nāmāti opammanidassanamattametaṃ , yathā phāloti ettakamevaP1.155 vuttaṃ hoti .

Saṃviggo cittena , lomahaṭṭhajātoV1.122 sarīrena .

Sarīre kirassa navanavutilomakūpasahassāni suvaṇṇabhittiyā āhatamaṇināgadantā viya uddhaggā ahesuṃ .

Sesaṃ pākaṭameva .

Pādesu pana nipatitvā bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ abbhanumodamāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ abhikkantaṃ , bho gotama , abhikkantaṃ , bho gotamā ’’ ti .

Abbhanumodane hi ayamidha abhikkanta saddo .

Vitthārato panassa maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā āvi bhavissati .

Yasmā ca abbhanumodanatthe , tasmā sādhu sādhu bho gotamāti vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ .

‘‘ Bhaye kodhe pasaṃsāyaṃ , turite kotūhalacchare ;

Hāse soke pasāde ca , kare āmeḍitaṃ budho ’’ ti .

–

Iminā ca lakkhaṇena idha pasādavasena pasaṃsāvasena cāyaṃ dvikkhattuṃ vuttoti veditabbo .

Atha vā abhikkantan ti abhikantaṃ atiiṭṭhaṃ , atimanāpaṃ , atisundaranti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tattha ekena abhikkantasaddena desanaṃ thometi , ekena attano pasādaṃ .

Ayañhi ettha adhippāyo – abhikkantaṃ , bho gotama , yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanā , abhikkantaṃ yadidaṃ bhoto gotamassa dhammadesanaṃ āgamma mama pasādoti .

Bhagavato eva vā vacanaṃ dve dve atthe sandhāya thometi – bhoto gotamassa vacanaṃ abhikkantaṃ dosanāsanato , abhikkantaṃ guṇādhigamanato , tathā saddhājananato , paññājananato , sātthato , sabyañjanato , uttānapadato , gambhīratthato , kaṇṇasukhato , hadayaṅgamato , anattukkaṃsanato , aparavambhanato , karuṇāsītalato , paññāvadātato , āpātharamaṇīyato , vimaddakkhamato , suyyamānasukhato , vīmaṃsiyamānahitatoti evamādīhi yojetabbaṃ .

TatoM1.140 parampi catūhi upamāhi desanaṃyeva thometi .

Tattha nikkujjitan ti adhomukhaṭṭhapitaṃ , heṭṭhā mukhajātaṃ vā .

Ukkujjeyyāti uparimukhaṃ kareyya .

Paṭicchannan ti tiṇapaṇṇādicchāditaṃ .

Vivareyyāti ugghāṭeyya .

Mūḷhassāti disāmūḷhassa .

Maggaṃ ācikkheyyāti hatthe gahetvāP1.156 ‘‘ esa maggo ’’ ti vadeyya .

Andhakāreti kāḷapakkhacātuddasīaḍḍharattaghanavanasaṇḍameghapaṭalehi caturaṅge tamasi .

Ayaṃ tāva padattho .

Ayaṃ pana adhippāyayojanā – yathā koci nikkujjitaṃ ukkujjeyya , evaṃ saddhammavimukhaṃV1.123 asaddhammapatitaṃ maṃ asaddhammā vuṭṭhāpentena , yathā paṭicchannaṃ vivareyya ;

evaṃ kassapassa bhagavato sāsanantaradhānā pabhuti micchādiṭṭhigahanapaṭicchannaṃ sāsanaṃ vivarantena , yathā mūḷhassa maggaṃ ācikkheyya , evaṃ kummaggamicchāmaggapaṭipannassa me saggamokkhamaggaṃ ācikkhantena , yathā andhakāre telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya , evaṃ mohandhakāranimuggassa me buddhādiratanarūpāni apassato tappaṭicchādakamohandhakāraviddhaṃsakadesanāpajjotadhāraṇena mayhaṃ bhotā gotamena etehi pariyāyehi desitattā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito .

Atha vā ekacciyena mattena yasmā ayaṃ dhammo dukkhadassanena asubhe ‘‘ subhan ’’ ti vipallāsappahānena ca nikkujjitukkujjitasadiso , samudayadassanena dukkhe ‘‘ sukhan ’’ ti vipallāsappahānena ca paṭicchannavivaraṇasadiso , nirodhadassanena anicce ‘‘ niccan ’’ ti vipallāsappahānena ca mūḷhassa maggācikkhaṇasadiso , maggadassanena anattani ‘‘ attā ’’ ti vipallāsappahānena ca andhakāre pajjotasadiso , tasmā seyyathāpi nāma nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya … pe … pajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘‘ cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī ’’ ti , evaṃ pakāsito hoti .

Yasmā panettha saddhātapakāyaguttatādīhi sīlakkhandho pakāsito hoti , paññāya paññākkhandho , hirimanādīhi samādhikkhandho , yogakkhemena nirodhoti evaṃ tikkhandho ariyamaggo nirodho cāti sarūpeneva dve ariyasaccāni pakāsitāni .

Tattha maggo paṭipakkho samudayassa , nirodho dukkhassāti paṭipakkhena dve .

Iti iminā pariyāyena cattāri saccāni pakāsitāni .

Tasmā anekapariyāyena pakāsito hotīti veditabboP1.157 .

Esāhan tiādīsuM1.141 eso ahanti esāhaṃ .

Saraṇaṃ gacchāmīti pādesu nipatitvā paṇipātena saraṇagamanena gatopi idāni vācāya samādiyanto āha .

Atha vā paṇipātena buddhaṃyeva saraṇaṃ gatoti idāni taṃ ādiṃ katvā sese dhammasaṅghepi gantuṃ āha .

Ajjataggeti ajjataṃ ādiṃ katvā , ajjadaggeti vā pāṭho , da-kāro padasandhikaro , ajja aggaṃ katvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Pāṇehi upetaṃ pāṇupetaṃ , yāva me jīvitaṃ pavattati , tāva upetaṃ , anaññasatthukaṃ tīhi saraṇagamanehi saraṇaṃ gataṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu jānātūti vuttaṃ hoti .

Ettāvatā anena sutānurūpā paṭipatti dassitā hoti .

Nikkujjitādīhi vā satthusampattiṃ dassetvā iminā ‘‘ esāhan ’’ tiādinā sissasampatti dassitā .

Tena vā paññāpaṭilābhaṃ dassetvā iminā saddhāpaṭilābho dassito .

Idāni evaṃ paṭiladdhasaddhena paññavatā yaṃV1.124 kattabbaṃ , taṃ kattukāmo bhagavantaṃ yācati ‘‘ labheyyāhan ’’ ti .

Tattha bhagavato iddhiyādīhi abhippasāditacitto ‘‘ bhagavāpi cakkavattirajjaṃ pahāya pabbajito , kimaṅgaṃ panāhan ’’ ti saddhāya pabbajjaṃ yācati , tattha paripūrakāritaṃ patthento paññāya upasampadaṃ .

Sesaṃ pākaṭameva .

Eko vūpakaṭṭhotiādīsu pana eko kāyavivekena , vūpakaṭṭho cittavivekena , appamatto kammaṭṭhāne satiavijahanena , ātāpī kāyikacetasikavīriyasaṅkhātena ātāpena , pahitatto kāye ca jīvite ca anapekkhatāya viharanto aññatarairiyāpathavihārena .

Na cirassevāti pabbajjaṃ upādāya vuccati .

Kulaputtāti duvidhā kulaputtā , jātikulaputtā , ācārakulaputtā ca .

Ayaṃ pana ubhayathāpi kulaputto .

Agārasmāti gharā .

Agārānaṃ hitaṃ agāriyaṃ kasigorakkhādikuṭumbaposanakammaṃ vuccati .

Natthi ettha agāriyanti anagāriyaṃ , pabbajjāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ pabbajantīti upagacchanti upasaṅkamanti .

Tadanuttaran ti taṃ anuttaraṃ .

Brahmacariyapariyosānan ti maggabrahmacariyassa pariyosānaṃ , arahattaphalantiP1.158 vuttaṃ hoti .

Tassa hi atthāya kulaputtā pabbajanti .

Diṭṭheva dhammeti tasmiṃyeva attabhāve .

Sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvāti attanāyeva paññāya paccakkhaṃ katvā , aparappaccayaṃ ñatvāti attho .

Upasampajja vihāsīti pāpuṇitvā sampādetvā vā vihāsi .

Evaṃ viharanto ca khīṇā jāti … pe … abbhaññāsi .

Etenassa paccavekkhaṇabhūmiṃ dasseti .

KatamāM1.142 panassa jāti khīṇā , kathañca naṃ abbhaññāsīti ?

Vuccate – na tāvassa atītā jāti khīṇā pubbeva khīṇattā , na anāgatā anāgate vāyāmābhāvato , na paccuppannā vijjamānattā .

Yā pana maggassa abhāvitattā uppajjeyya ekacatupañcavokārabhavesu ekacatupañcakkhandhappabhedā jāti , sā maggassa bhāvitattā anuppādadhammataṃ āpajjanena khīṇā .

Taṃ so maggabhāvanāya pahīnakilese paccavekkhitvā kilesābhāve vijjamānampi kammaṃ āyatiṃ apaṭisandhikaṃ hotīti jānanto jānāti .

Vusitan ti vutthaṃ parivutthaṃ , kataṃ caritaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho .

Brahmacariyan ti maggabrahmacariyaṃ .

Kataṃ karaṇīyan ti catūsu saccesu catūhi maggehi pariññāpahānasacchikiriyabhāvanāvasena soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpitanti attho .

Nāparaṃ itthattāyāti idāni puna itthabhāvāya evaṃ soḷasakiccabhāvāya kilesakkhayāya vā maggabhāvanā natthīti .

Atha vā itthattāyāti itthabhāvato , imasmā evaṃpakārā idāni vattamānakkhandhasantānā aparaṃ khandhasantānaṃ natthi .

Ime pana pañcakkhandhā pariññātā tiṭṭhanti chinnamūlako rukkho viyāti abbhaññāsi .

AññatarotiV1.125 eko .

Arahatan ti arahantānaṃ .

Mahāsāvakānaṃ abbhantaro āyasmā bhāradvājo ahosīti ayaṃ kirettha adhippāyoti .

Paramatthajotikāya khuddaka-aṭṭhakathāya

Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathāya kasibhāradvājasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

5. Cundasuttavaṇṇanā

83. PucchāmiV1.126P1.159 muniṃ pahūtapaññan ti cundasuttaṃ .

Kā uppatti ?

Saṅkhepato tāva attajjhāsayaparajjhāsayaaṭṭhuppattipucchāvasikabhedato catūsu uppattīsu imassa suttassa pucchāvasikā uppatti .

Vitthārato pana ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena pāvā tadavasari .

Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pāvāyaṃ viharati cundassa kammāraputtassa ambavane .

Ito pabhuti yāva ‘‘ atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena cundassaM1.143 kammāraputtassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami ;

upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.189), tāva sutte āgatanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ .

Evaṃ bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ nisinne bhagavati cundo kammāraputto buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parivisanto byañjanasūpādigahaṇatthaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ suvaṇṇabhājanāni upanāmesi .

Apaññatte sikkhāpade keci bhikkhū suvaṇṇabhājanāni paṭicchiṃsu keci na paṭicchiṃsu .

Bhagavato pana ekameva bhājanaṃ attano selamayaṃ pattaṃ , dutiyabhājanaṃ buddhā na gaṇhanti .

Tattha aññataro pāpabhikkhu sahassagghanakaṃ suvaṇṇabhājanaṃ attano bhojanatthāya sampattaṃ theyyacittena kuñcikatthavikāya pakkhipi .

Cundo parivisitvā hatthapādaṃ dhovitvā bhagavantaṃ namassamāno bhikkhusaṅghaṃ olokento taṃ bhikkhuṃ addasa , disvā ca pana apassamāno viya hutvā na naṃ kiñci abhaṇi bhagavati theresu ca gāravena , apica ‘‘ micchādiṭṭhikānaṃ vacanapatho mā ahosī ’’ ti .

So ‘‘ kiṃ nu kho saṃvarayuttāyeva samaṇā , udāhu bhinnasaṃvarā īdisāpi samaṇā ’’ ti ñātukāmo sāyanhasamaye bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āha ‘‘ pucchāmi munin ’’ ti .

Tattha pucchāmīti idaṃ ‘‘ tisso pucchā adiṭṭhajotanā pucchā ’’ tiādināP1.160 ( cūḷani . puṇṇakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 12) nayena niddese vuttanayameva .

Munin ti etampi ‘‘ monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ .

Yā paññā pajānanā … pe … sammādiṭṭhi , tena ñāṇena samannāgato muni , monappattoti , tīṇi moneyyāni kāyamoneyyan ’’ tiādinā ( mahāni .14) nayena tattheva vuttanayamevaV1.127 .

Ayampanettha saṅkhepo .

Pucchāmīti okāsaṃ kārento munin ti munimuniṃ bhagavantaṃ ālapati .

Pahūtapaññan tiādīni thutivacanāni , tehi taṃ muniṃ thunāti .

Tattha pahūtapaññan ti vipulapaññaṃ .

Ñeyyapariyantikattā cassa vipulatā veditabbā .

Iti cundo kammāraputtoti idaṃ dvayaṃ dhaniyasutte vuttanayameva .

Ito paraṃ pana ettakampi avatvā sabbaṃ vuttanayaṃ chaḍḍetvā avuttanayameva vaṇṇayissāma .

Buddhan ti tīsu buddhesu tatiyabuddhaṃ .

Dhammassāmin ti maggadhammassa janakattā puttasseva pitaraṃ attanā uppāditasippāyatanādīnaṃ viya ca ācariyaṃ dhammassa sāmiṃ , dhammissaraṃ dhammarājaṃ dhammavasavattinti attho .

Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘ SoM1.144 hi , brāhmaṇa , bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā , asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā , anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā , maggaññū , maggavidū , maggakovido .

Maggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.79).

Vītataṇhan ti vigatakāmabhavavibhavataṇhaṃ .

Dvipaduttaman ti dvipadānaṃ uttamaṃ .

Tattha kiñcāpi bhagavā na kevalaṃ dvipaduttamo eva , atha kho yāvatā sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā … pe … nevasaññīnāsaññino vā , tesaṃ sabbesaṃ uttamo .

Atha kho ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena dvipaduttamotveva vuccati .

Dvipadā hi sabbasattānaṃ ukkaṭṭhā cakkavattimahāsāvakapaccekabuddhānaṃ tattha uppattito , tesañca uttamoti vutte sabbasattuttamotiP1.161 vuttoyeva hoti .

Sārathīnaṃ pavaran ti sāretīti sārathi , hatthidamakādīnametaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Tesañca bhagavā pavaro anuttarena damanena purisadamme dametuṃ samatthabhāvato .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Hatthidamakena , bhikkhave , hatthidammo sārito ekaṃ eva disaṃ dhāvati puratthimaṃ vā pacchimaṃ vā uttaraṃ vā dakkhiṇaṃ vā .

Assadamakena , bhikkhave , assadammo … pe … godamakena , bhikkhave , godammo … pe … dakkhiṇaṃ vā .

Tathāgatena hi , bhikkhave , arahatā sammāsambuddhena purisadammo sārito aṭṭha disā vidhāvati , rūpī rūpāni passati , ayamekā disā … pe … saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati , ayaṃ aṭṭhamī disā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.312).

KatītiV1.128 atthappabhedapucchā .

Loketi sattaloke .

Samaṇāti pucchitabbaatthanidassanaṃ .

Iṅghāti yācanatthe nipāto .

Tadiṅghāti te iṅgha .

Brūhīti ācikkha kathayassūti .

84. Evaṃ vutte bhagavā cundaṃ kammāraputtaṃ ‘‘ kiṃ , bhante , kusalaṃ , kiṃ akusalan ’’ tiādinā ( ma . ni .3.296) nayena gihipañhaṃ apucchitvā samaṇapañhaṃ pucchantaṃ disvā āvajjento ‘‘ taṃ pāpabhikkhuṃ sandhāya ayaṃ pucchatī ’’ ti ñatvā tassa aññatra vohāramattā assamaṇabhāvaṃ dīpento āha ‘‘ caturo samaṇā ’’ ti .

Tattha caturoti saṅkhyāparicchedo .

Samaṇāti kadāciM1.145 bhagavā titthiye samaṇavādena vadati ;

yathāha –

‘‘ yāni tāni puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ vatakotūhalamaṅgalānī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.407).

Kadāci puthujjane ;

yathāha –

‘‘ samaṇā samaṇāti kho , bhikkhave , jano sañjānātī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.435).

Kadāci sekkhe ;

yathāha –

‘‘ idheva , bhikkhave , samaṇo , idha dutiyo samaṇo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.139; dī . ni .2.214; a . ni .4.241).

Kadāci khīṇāsave ;

yathāha –

‘‘ āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hotī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.438).

Kadāci attānaṃyeva ;

yathāha –

‘‘ samaṇoti kho , bhikkhave , tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanan ’’ ti ( a . ni .8.85).

Idha pana tīhi padehi sabbepi ariye sīlavantaṃ puthujjanañcaP1.162 , catutthena itaraṃ assamaṇampi bhaṇḍuṃ kāsāvakaṇṭhaṃ kevalaṃ vohāramattakena samaṇoti saṅgaṇhitvā ‘‘ caturo samaṇā ’’ ti āha .

Na pañcamatthīti imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vohāramattakena paṭiññāmattakenāpi pañcamo samaṇo nāma natthi .

Te te āvikaromīti te caturo samaṇe tava pākaṭe karomi .

Sakkhipuṭṭhoti sammukhā pucchito .

Maggajinoti maggena sabbakilese vijitāvīti attho .

Maggadesakoti paresaṃ maggaṃ desetā .

Magge jīvatīti sattasu sekkhesu yo koci sekkho apariyositamaggavāsattā lokuttare , sīlavantaputhujjano ca lokiye magge jīvati nāma , sīlavantaputhujjano vā lokuttaramagganimittaṃ jīvanatopi magge jīvatīti veditabbo .

Yo ca maggadūsīti yo ca dussīlo micchādiṭṭhi maggapaṭilomāya paṭipattiyā maggadūsakoti attho .

85.‘‘ Ime te caturo samaṇā ’’ ti evaṃ bhagavatā saṅkhepena uddiṭṭhe caturo samaṇe ‘‘ ayaṃ nāmettha maggajino , ayaṃ maggadesako , ayaṃ magge jīvati , ayaṃ maggadūsī ’’ ti evaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ asakkonto puna pucchituṃ cundo āha ‘‘ kaṃ maggajinan ’’ ti .

Tattha magge jīvati meti yo so magge jīvati , taṃ me brūhi puṭṭhoti .

Sesaṃ pākaṭameva .

86. Idānissa bhagavāV1.129 caturopi samaṇe catūhi gāthāhi niddisanto āha ‘‘ yo tiṇṇakathaṃkatho visallo ’’ ti .

Tattha tiṇṇakathaṃkatho visalloti etaṃ uragasutte vuttanayameva .

Ayaṃ pana viseso .

Yasmā imāya gāthāya maggajinoti buddhasamaṇo adhippeto , tasmā sabbaññutaññāṇenaM1.146 kathaṃkathāpatirūpakassa sabbadhammesu aññāṇassa tiṇṇattāpi ‘‘ tiṇṇakathaṃkatho ’’ ti veditabbo .

Pubbe vuttanayena hi tiṇṇakathaṃkathāpi sotāpannādayo paccekabuddhapariyosānā sakadāgāmivisayādīsu buddhavisayapariyosānesu paṭihatañāṇappabhāvattā pariyāyena atiṇṇakathaṃkathāvaP1.163 honti .

Bhagavā pana sabbappakārena tiṇṇakathaṃkathoti .

Nibbānābhiratoti nibbāne abhirato , phalasamāpattivasena sadā nibbānaninnacittoti attho .

Tādiso ca bhagavā .

Yathāha –

‘‘ So kho ahaṃ , aggivessana , tassā eva kathāya pariyosāne , tasmiṃyeva purimasmiṃ samādhinimitte ajjhattameva cittaṃ saṇṭhapemi , sannisādemi , ekodiṃ karomi , samādahāmī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.387).

Anānugiddhoti kañci dhammaṃ taṇhāgedhena ananugijjhanto .

Lokassa sadevakassa netāti āsayānusayānulomena dhammaṃ desetvā pārāyanamahāsamayādīsu anekesu suttantesu aparimāṇānaṃ devamanussānaṃ saccapaṭivedhasampādanena sadevakassa lokassa netā , gamayitā , tāretā , pāraṃ sampāpetāti attho .

Tādin ti tādisaṃ yathāvuttappakāralokadhammehi nibbikāranti attho .

Sesamettha pākaṭameva .

87. Evaṃ bhagavā imāya gāthāya ‘‘ maggajinan ’’ ti buddhasamaṇaṃ niddisitvā idāni khīṇāsavasamaṇaṃ niddisanto āha ‘‘ paramaṃ paramantī ’’ ti .

Tattha paramaṃ nāma nibbānaṃ , sabbadhammānaṃ aggaṃ uttamanti attho .

Paramanti yodha ñatvāti taṃ paramaṃ paramamicceva yo idha sāsane ñatvā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena .

Akkhāti vibhajate idheva dhamman ti nibbānadhammaṃ akkhāti , attanā paṭividdhattā paresaṃ pākaṭaṃ karoti ‘‘ idaṃ nibbānan ’’ ti , maggadhammaṃ vibhajati ‘‘ ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā … pe … ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo ’’ ti .

Ubhayampi vā ugghaṭitaññūnaṃ saṅkhepadesanāya ācikkhati , vipañcitaññūnaṃ vitthāradesanāya vibhajati .

Evaṃ ācikkhanto vibhajanto ca ‘‘ idheva sāsane ayaṃ dhammo , na ito bahiddhā ’’ ti sīhanādaṃ nadanto akkhāti ca vibhajati ca .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ akkhāti vibhajate idheva dhamman ’’ ti .

Taṃ kaṅkhachidaṃ muniṃ anejan ti taṃ evarūpaṃ catusaccapaṭivedhenaP1.164 attano , desanāya ca paresaṃ kaṅkhacchedanena kaṅkhacchidaṃM1.147 , moneyyasamannāgamena muniṃ , ejāsaṅkhātāya taṇhāya abhāvato anejaṃ dutiyaṃ bhikkhunamāhu maggadesin ti .

88. EvaṃV1.130 imāya gāthāya sayaṃ anuttaraṃ maggaṃ uppādetvā desanāya anuttaro maggadesī samānopi dūtamiva lekhavācakamiva ca rañño attano sāsanaharaṃ sāsanajotakañca ‘‘ maggadesin ’’ ti khīṇāsavasamaṇaṃ niddisitvā idāni sekkhasamaṇañca sīlavantaputhujjanasamaṇañca niddisanto āha ‘‘ yo dhammapade ’’ ti .

Tattha padavaṇṇanā pākaṭāyeva .

Ayaṃ panettha atthavaṇṇanā – yo nibbānadhammassa padattā dhammapade , ubho ante anupagamma desitattā āsayānurūpato vā satipaṭṭhānādinānappakārehi desitattā sudesite , maggasamaṅgīpi anavasitamaggakiccattā magge jīvati , sīlasaṃyamena saññato , kāyādīsu sūpaṭṭhitāya cirakatādisaraṇāya vā satiyā satimā , aṇumattassāpi vajjassa abhāvato anavajjattā , koṭṭhāsabhāvena ca padattā sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammasaṅkhātāni anavajjapadāni bhaṅgañāṇato pabhuti bhāvanāsevanāya sevamāno , taṃ bhikkhunaṃ tatiyaṃ maggajīvin ti āhūti .

89. Evaṃ bhagavā imāya gāthāya ‘‘ maggajīvin ’’ ti sekkhasamaṇaṃ sīlavantaputhujjanasamaṇañca niddisitvā idāni taṃ bhaṇḍuṃ kāsāvakaṇṭhaṃ kevalaṃ vohāramattasamaṇaṃ niddisanto āha ‘‘ chadanaṃ katvānā ’’ ti .

Tattha chadanaṃ katvānāti patirūpaṃ karitvā , vesaṃ gahetvā , liṅgaṃ dhāretvāti attho .

Subbatānan ti buddhapaccekabuddhasāvakānaṃ .

Tesañhi sundarāni vatāni , tasmā te subbatāti vuccanti .

Pakkhandīti pakkhandako , anto pavisakoti attho .

Dussīlo hi gūthapaṭicchādanatthaṃ tiṇapaṇṇādicchadanaṃ viya attano dussīlabhāvaṃ paṭicchādanatthaṃ subbatānaṃ chadanaṃP1.165 katvā ‘‘ ahampi bhikkhū ’’ ti bhikkhumajjhe pakkhandati ,‘‘ ettakavassena bhikkhunā gahetabbaṃ etan ’’ ti lābhe dīyamāne ‘‘ ahaṃ ettakavasso ’’ ti gaṇhituṃ pakkhandati , tena vuccati ‘‘ chadanaṃ katvāna subbatānaṃ pakkhandī ’’ ti .

Catunnampi khattiyādikulānaṃ uppannaṃ pasādaṃ ananurūpapaṭipattiyā dūsetīti kuladūsako .

Pagabbhoti aṭṭhaṭṭhānena kāyapāgabbhiyena , catuṭṭhānena vacīpāgabbhiyena , anekaṭṭhānena manopāgabbhiyena ca samannāgatoti attho .

Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāraṃ pana mettasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vakkhāma .

KatapaṭicchādanalakkhaṇāyaM1.148 māyāya samannāgatattā māyāvī .

Sīlasaṃyamābhāvena asaññato .

Palāpasadisattā palāpo .

Yathā hi palāpo anto taṇḍularahitopi bahi thusena vīhi viya dissati , evamidhekacco anto sīlādiguṇasāravirahitopi bahi subbatacchadanena samaṇavesena samaṇo viya dissati .

So evaṃ palāpasadisattā ‘‘ palāpo ’’ ti vuccati .

Ānāpānassatisutte pana ‘‘ apalāpāyaṃ , bhikkhave , parisā , nippalāpāyaṃ , bhikkhave , parisā , suddhā sāre patiṭṭhitā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.146) evaṃ puthujjanakalyāṇopi ‘‘ palāpo ’’ ti vuttoV1.131 .

Idha pana kapilasutte ca ‘‘ tato palāpe vāhetha , assamaṇe samaṇamānine ’’ ti ( su . ni .284) evaṃ parājitako ‘‘ palāpo ’’ ti vutto .

Patirūpena caraṃ samaggadūsīti taṃ subbatānaṃ chadanaṃ katvā yathā carantaṃ ‘‘ āraññiko ayaṃ rukkhamūliko , paṃsukūliko , piṇḍapātiko , appiccho , santuṭṭho ’’ ti jano jānāti , evaṃ patirūpena yuttarūpena bāhiramaṭṭhena ācārena caranto puggalo attano lokuttaramaggassa , paresaṃ sugatimaggassa ca dūsanato ‘‘ maggadūsī ’’ ti veditabbo .

90. Evaṃ imāya gāthāya ‘‘ maggadūsī ’’ ti dussīlaṃ vohāramattakasamaṇaṃ niddisitvā idāni tesaṃ aññamaññaṃ abyāmissībhāvaṃ dīpento āha ‘‘ ete ca paṭivijjhī ’’ ti .

Tassattho – ete caturo samaṇe yathāvuttenaP1.166 lakkhaṇena paṭivijjhi aññāsi sacchākāsi yo gahaṭṭho khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā añño vā koci , imesaṃ catunnaṃ samaṇānaṃ lakkhaṇassavanamattena sutavā , tasseva lakkhaṇassa ariyānaṃ santike sutattā ariyasāvako , teyeva samaṇe ‘‘ ayañca ayañca evaṃlakkhaṇo ’’ ti pajānanamattena sappañño , yādiso ayaṃ pacchā vutto maggadūsī , itarepi sabbe netādisāti ñatvā iti disvā evaṃ pāpaṃ karontampi etaṃ pāpabhikkhuṃ disvā .

Tatthāyaṃ yojanā – ete ca paṭivijjhi yo gahaṭṭho sutavā ariyasāvako sappañño , tassa tāya paññāya sabbe ‘‘ netādisā ’’ ti ñatvā viharato iti disvā na hāpeti saddhā , evaṃ pāpakammaṃ karontaṃ pāpabhikkhuṃ disvāpi na hāpeti , na hāyati , na nassati saddhāti .

EvaṃM1.149 imāya gāthāya tesaṃ abyāmissībhāvaṃ dīpetvā idāni iti disvāpi ‘‘ sabbe netādisā ’’ ti jānantaṃ ariyasāvakaṃ pasaṃsanto āha ‘‘ kathañhi duṭṭhenā ’’ ti .

Tassa sambandho – etadeva ca yuttaṃ sutavato ariyasāvakassa , yadidaṃ ekaccaṃ pāpaṃ karontaṃ iti disvāpi sabbe ‘‘ netādisā ’’ ti jānanaṃ .

Kiṃ kāraṇā ?

Kathañhi duṭṭhena asampaduṭṭhaṃ , suddhaṃ asuddhena samaṃ kareyyāti ?

Tassattho – kathañhi sutavā ariyasāvako sappañño , sīlavipattiyā duṭṭhena maggadūsinā aduṭṭhaṃ itaraṃ samaṇattayaṃ , suddhaṃ samaṇattayamevaṃ aparisuddhakāyasamācāratādīhi asuddhena pacchimena vohāramattakasamaṇena samaṃ kareyya sadisanti jāneyyāti .

Suttapariyosāne upāsakassa maggo vā phalaṃ vā na kathitaṃ .

Kaṅkhāmattameva hi tassa pahīnanti .

Paramatthajotikāya khuddaka-aṭṭhakathāya

Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathāya cundasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .