8. Dhammasutta- ( nāvāsutta ) -vaṇṇanā

319. YasmāV2.55 hi dhamman ti dhammasuttaṃ ,‘‘ nāvāsuttan ’’ tipi vuccati .

Kā uppatti ?

Idaṃ suttaṃ āyasmantaṃ sāriputtattheraṃ ārabbha vuttaṃ .

Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāro pana dvinnaṃ aggasāvakānaṃ uppattito pabhuti veditabbo .

Seyyathidaṃ – anuppanneP1.326 kira bhagavati dve aggasāvakā ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ kappasatasahassañca pāramiyo pūretvā devaloke nibbattā .

Tesaṃ paṭhamo cavitvā rājagahassa avidūre upatissagāmo nāma brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogagāmo atthi , tattha saṭṭhiadhikapañcakoṭisatadhanavibhavassa gāmasāmino brāhmaṇassa rūpasārī nāma brāhmaṇī , tassā kucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi .

Dutiyo tassevāvidūre kolitagāmo nāma brāhmaṇānaṃ bhogagāmo atthi .

Tattha tathārūpavibhavasseva gāmasāmino brāhmaṇassa moggallānī nāma brāhmaṇī , tassā kucchiyaṃ taṃ divasameva paṭisandhiṃ aggahesi .

Evaṃ tesaṃ ekadivasameva paṭisandhiggahaṇañca gabbhavuṭṭhānañca ahosi .

Ekadivaseyeva ca nesaṃ ekassa upatissagāme jātattā upatisso , ekassa kolitagāme jātattā kolitoti nāmamakaṃsu .

TeM2.61 sahapaṃsuṃ kīḷantā sahāyakā anupubbena vuḍḍhiṃ pāpuṇiṃsu , ekamekassa ca pañcapañcamāṇavakasatāni parivārā ahesuṃ .

Te uyyānaṃ vā nadītitthaṃ vā gacchantā saparivārāyeva gacchanti .

Eko pañcahi suvaṇṇasivikāsatehi , dutiyo pañcahi ājaññarathasatehi .

Tadā ca rājagahe kālānukālaṃ giraggasamajjo nāma hoti .

Sāyanhasamaye nagaravemajjhe yattha sakalaaṅgamagadhavāsino abhiññātā khattiyakumārādayo sannipatitvā supaññattesu mañcapīṭhādīsu nisinnā samajjavibhūtiṃ passanti .

Atha te sahāyakā tena parivārena saddhiṃ tattha gantvā paññattāsanesu nisīdiṃsu .

Tato upatisso samajjavibhūtiṃ passanto mahājanakāyaṃ sannipatitaṃ disvā ‘‘ ettako janakāyo vassasataṃ appatvāva marissatī ’’ ti cintesi .

Tassa maraṇaṃ āgantvā nalāṭante patiṭṭhitaṃ viya ahosi , tathā kolitassa .

Tesaṃ anekappakāresu naṭesu naccantesu dassanamattepi cittaṃ na nami , aññadatthu saṃvegoyeva udapādi .

Atha vuṭṭhite samajje pakkantāya parisāya sakaparivārena pakkantesu tesu sahāyesu kolitoV2.56 upatissaṃ pucchi –

‘‘ kiṃ , samma , nāṭakādidassanena tava pamodanamattampiP1.327 nāhosī ’’ ti ?

So tassa taṃ pavattiṃ ārocetvā tampi tatheva paṭipucchi .

Sopi tassa attano pavattiṃ ārocetvā ‘‘ ehi , samma , pabbajitvā amataṃ gavesāmā ’’ ti āha .

‘‘ Sādhu sammā ’’ ti upatisso taṃ sampaṭicchi .

Tato dvepi janā taṃ sampattiṃ chaḍḍetvā punadeva rājagahamanuppattā .

Tena ca samayena rājagahe sañcayo nāma paribbājako paṭivasati .

Te tassa santike pañcahi māṇavakasatehi saddhiṃ pabbajitvā katipāheneva tayo vede sabbañca paribbājakasamayaṃ uggahesuṃ .

Te tesaṃ satthānaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ upaparikkhantā pariyosānaṃ adisvā ācariyaṃ pucchiṃsu –

‘‘ imesaṃ satthānaṃ ādimajjhaṃ dissati , pariyosānaṃ pana na dissati ‘ idaṃ nāma imehi satthehi pāpuṇeyyāti , yato uttari pāpuṇitabbaṃ natthī ’’’ ti .

Sopi āha –

‘‘ ahampi tesaṃ tathāvidhaṃ pariyosānaṃ na passāmī ’’ ti .

Te āhaṃsu –

‘‘ tena hi mayaṃ imesaṃ pariyosānaṃ gavesāmā ’’ ti .

Te ācariyo ‘‘ yathāsukhaṃ gavesathā ’’ ti āha .

Evaṃ te tena anuññātā amataṃ gavesamānā āhiṇḍantā jambudīpe pākaṭā ahesuṃ .

Tehi khattiyapaṇḍitādayo pañhaṃ puṭṭhā uttaruttariṃ na sampāyanti .

‘‘ UpatissoM2.62 kolito ’’ ti vutte pana ‘‘ ke ete , na kho mayaṃ jānāmā ’’ ti bhaṇantā natthi , evaṃ vissutā ahesuṃ .

Evaṃ tesu amatapariyesanaṃ caramānesu amhākaṃ bhagavā loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakko anupubbena rājagahamanuppatto .

Te ca paribbājakā sakalajambudīpaṃ caritvā tiṭṭhatu amataṃ , antamaso pariyosānapañhavissajjanamattampi alabhantā punadeva rājagahaṃ agamaṃsu .

Atha kho āyasmā assaji pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvāti yāva tesaṃ pabbajjā , tāva sabbaṃ pabbajjākkhandhake ( mahāva .60) āgatanayeneva vitthārato daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Evaṃ pabbajitesu tesu dvīsu sahāyakesu āyasmā sāriputto aḍḍhamāsenaP1.328 sāvakapāramīñāṇaṃ sacchākāsi .

So yadā assajittherena saddhiṃ ekavihāre vasati , tadā bhagavato upaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā anantaraṃ therassa upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchati ‘‘ pubbācariyo me ayamāyasmā , etamahaṃ nissāya bhagavato sāsanaṃ aññāsin ’’ ti gāravena .

Yadā pana assajittherena saddhiṃ ekavihāre na vasati , tadā yassaṃ disāyaṃ thero vasati , taṃ disaṃ oloketvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā añjaliṃ paggayha namassati .

Taṃ disvā keci bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ –

‘‘ sāriputto aggasāvako hutvā disaṃ namassati , ajjāpi maññe brāhmaṇadiṭṭhi appahīnā ’’ ti .

Atha bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā taṃ kathāsallāpaṃ sutvā paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinnaṃyeva attānaṃ dassento bhikkhū āmantesi –

‘‘ kāya nuttha , bhikkhave , etarahi kathāya sannisinnā ’’ tiV2.57 ?

Te taṃ pavattiṃ ācikkhiṃsu .

Tato bhagavā ‘‘ na , bhikkhave , sāriputto disaṃ namassati , yaṃ nissāya sāsanaṃ aññāsi , taṃ attano ācariyaṃ vandati namassati sammāneti , ācariyapūjako , bhikkhave , sāriputto ’’ ti vatvā tattha sannipatitānaṃ dhammadesanatthaṃ imaṃ suttamabhāsi .

Tattha yasmā hi dhammaṃ puriso vijaññāti yato puggalā piṭakattayappabhedaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ vā , pariyattiṃ sutvā adhigantabbaṃ navalokuttarappabhedaṃ paṭivedhadhammaṃ vā puriso vijaññā jāneyya vedeyya .

‘‘ Yassā ’’ tipi pāṭho , so evattho .

Indaṃva naṃ devatā pūjayeyyāti yathā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ dvīsu devalokesu devatā pūjenti , evaṃ so puggalo taṃ puggalaṃ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya upāhanaomuñcanādiṃ sabbaṃ vattapaṭivattaṃ karontoM2.63 pūjeyya sakkareyya garukareyya .

Kiṃ kāraṇaṃ ?

So pūjito … pe … pātukaroti dhammaṃ , so ācariyo evaṃ pūjito tasmiṃ antevāsimhi pasannacitto pariyattipaṭivedhavasena bahussuto desanāvaseneva pariyattidhammañca , desanaṃ sutvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipattiyā adhigantabbaṃ paṭivedhadhammañcaP1.329 pātukaroti deseti , desanāya vā pariyattidhammaṃ , upamāvasena attanā adhigatapaṭivedhadhammaṃ pātukaroti .

320. Tadaṭṭhikatvāna nisamma dhīroti evaṃ pasannena ācariyena pātukataṃ dhammaṃ aṭṭhikatvāna suṇitvā upadhāraṇasamatthatāya dhīro puriso .

Dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjamānoti lokuttaradhammassa anulomattā anudhammabhūtaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāvayamāno .

Viññū vibhāvī nipuṇo ca hotīti viññutāsaṅkhātāya paññāya adhigamena viññū , vibhāvetvā paresampi pākaṭaṃ katvā ñāpanasamatthatāya vibhāvī , paramasukhumatthapaṭivedhatāya nipuṇo ca hoti .

Yo tādisaṃ bhajati appamattoti yo tādisaṃ pubbe vuttappakāraṃ bahussutaṃ appamatto tappasādanaparo hutvā bhajati .

321. Evaṃ paṇḍitācariyasevanaṃ pasaṃsitvā idāni bālācariyasevanaṃ nindanto ‘‘ khuddañca bālan ’’ ti imaṃ gāthamāha .

Tattha khuddan ti khuddena kāyakammādinā samannāgataṃ , paññābhāvato bālaṃ .

Anāgatatthan ti anadhigatapariyattipaṭivedhatthaṃ .

Usūyakan ti issāmanakatāya antevāsikassa vuḍḍhiṃ asahamānaṃ .

Sesamettha pākaṭameva padato .

Adhippāyato pana yo bahucīvarādilābhī ācariyo antevāsikānaṃ cīvarādīni na sakkoti dātuṃ , dhammadāne pana aniccadukkhānattavacanamattampi na sakkoti .

Etehi khuddatādidhammehi samannāgatattā taṃ khuddaṃ bālaṃ anāgatatthaṃ usūyakaṃ ācariyaṃ upasevamāno ‘‘ pūtimacchaṃ kusaggenā ’’ ti ( itivu .76; jā .1.15.183) vuttanayena sayampi bālo hoti .

Tasmā idha sāsane kiñci appamattakampiV2.58 pariyattidhammaṃ paṭivedhadhammaṃ vā avibhāvayitvā ca avijānitvā ca yassa dhammesu kaṅkhā , taṃ ataritvā maraṇaṃ upetīti evamassa attho veditabbo .

322-3.

Idāni tassevatthassa pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ ‘‘ yathā naro ’’ ti gāthādvayamāha .

Tattha āpagan ti nadiṃ .

Mahodakan ti bahuudakaṃ .

Salilan ti itoM2.64 cito ca gataṃ , vitthiṇṇanti vuttaṃP1.330 hoti .

‘‘ Saritan ’’ tipi pāṭho , so evattho .

Sīghasotan ti hārahārikaṃ , vegavatinti vuttaṃ hoti .

Kiṃ soti ettha ‘‘ so vuyhamāno ’’ ti iminā ca sokārena tassa narassa niddiṭṭhattā nipātamatto sokāro .

Kiṃ sūti vuttaṃ hoti yathā ‘‘ na bhavissāmi nāma so , vinassissāmi nāma so ’’ ti .

Dhamman ti pubbe vuttaṃ duvidhameva .

Anisāmayatthan ti anisāmetvā atthaṃ .

Sesamettha pākaṭameva padato .

Adhippāyato pana yathā yo kocideva naro vuttappakāraṃ nadiṃ otaritvā tāya nadiyā vuyhamāno anusotagāmī sotameva anugacchanto pare pāratthike kiṃ sakkhati pāraṃ netuṃ .

‘‘ Sakkatī ’’ tipi pāṭho .

Tatheva duvidhampi dhammaṃ attano paññāya avibhāvayitvā bahussutānañca santike atthaṃ anisāmetvā sayaṃ avibhāvitattā ajānanto anisāmitattā ca avitiṇṇakaṅkho pare kiṃ sakkhati nijjhāpetuṃ pekkhāpetunti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

‘‘ So vata , cunda , attanā palipapalipanno ’’ tiādikañcettha ( ma . ni .1.87) suttapadaṃ anussaritabbaṃ .

324-5.

Evaṃ bālasevanāya bālassa paraṃ nijjhāpetuṃ asamatthatāya pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ upamaṃ vatvā idāni ‘‘ yo tādisaṃ bhajati appamatto ’’ ti ettha vuttassa paṇḍitassa pare nijjhāpetuṃ samatthatāya pākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ ‘‘ yathāpi nāvan ’’ ti gāthādvayamāha .

Tattha phiyenāti dabbipadarena .

Rittenāti veḷudaṇḍena .

Tatthāti tassaṃ nāvāyaṃ .

Tatrūpayaññūti tassā nāvāya āharaṇapaṭiharaṇādiupāyajānanena maggapaṭipādanena upāyaññū .

Sikkhitasikkhatāya sukusalahatthatāya ca kusalo .

Uppannupaddavapaṭikārasamatthatāya mutīmā .

Vedagūti vedasaṅkhātehi catūhi maggañāṇehi gato .

Bhāvitattoti tāyeva maggabhāvanāya bhāvitacitto .

Bahussutoti pubbe vuttanayeneva .

Avedhadhammoti aṭṭhahi lokadhammehiP1.331 akampaniyasabhāvo .

Sotāvadhānūpanisūpapanneti sotaodahanena ca maggaphalānaṃ upanissayena ca upapanne .

Sesaṃ uttānapadatthameva .

Adhippāyayojanāpi sakkā purimanayeneva jānitunti na vitthāritā .

326. EvaṃV2.59M2.65 paṇḍitassa pare nijjhāpetuṃ samatthabhāvapākaṭakaraṇatthaṃ upamaṃ vatvā tassā paṇḍitasevanāya niyojento ‘‘ tasmā have ’’ ti imaṃ avasānagāthamāha .

Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – yasmā upanissayasampannā paṇḍitasevanena visesaṃ pāpuṇanti , tasmā have sappurisaṃ bhajetha .

Kīdisaṃ sappurisaṃ bhajetha ?

Medhāvinañceva bahussutañca , paññāsampattiyā ca medhāvinaṃ vuttappakārasutadvayena ca bahussutaṃ .

Tādisañhi bhajamāno tena bhāsitassa dhammassa aññāya atthaṃ evaṃ ñatvā ca yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāno tāya paṭipattiyā paṭivedhavasena viññātadhammo so maggaphalanibbānappabhedaṃ lokuttara sukhaṃ labhetha adhigaccheyya pāpuṇeyyāti arahattanikūṭena desanaṃ samāpesīti .

Paramatthajotikāya khuddaka-aṭṭhakathāya

Suttanipāta-aṭṭhakathāya dhammasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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