1.‘‘ Sā panesā ’’ tiādinā bāhiranidāne vattabbaṃ atidisitvā idāni abbhantaranidānaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya saṃvaṇṇituṃ ‘‘ yaṃ panetan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Tattha yasmā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karontena saṃvaṇṇetabbe dhamme padāni padavibhāgaṃ tadatthañca dassetvā tato paraṃ piṇḍatthādinidassanavasena ca saṃvaṇṇanā kātabbā , tasmā padāni tāva dassento ‘‘ evanti nipātapadan ’’ tiādimāhaV1.22 . Tattha padavibhāgoti padānaṃ viseso , na padaviggaho . Atha vā padāni ca padavibhāgo ca padavibhāgo , padaviggaho ca padavibhāgo ca padavibhāgoti vā ekasesavasena padapadaviggahā padavibhāgasaddena vuttāti veditabbaṃ . Tattha padaviggaho ‘‘ jetassa vanaṃ jetavanan ’’ tiādinā samāsapadesu daṭṭhabbo . Atthatoti padatthato . Taṃ pana padatthaṃ atthuddhārakkamena paṭhamaṃ evaṃ-saddassa dassento ‘‘ evaṃ-saddo tāvā ’’ tiādimāha . Avadhāraṇādīti ettha ādi -saddena idamatthapucchāparimāṇādiatthānaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo . Tathā hi ‘‘ evaṃgatāni puthusippāyatanāni , evamādīnī ’’ tiādīsu idaṃ-saddassa atthe evaṃ-saddo . Gata-saddo hi pakārapariyāyo , tathā vidhākāra-saddā ca . Tathā hi vidhayuttagatasadde lokiyā pakāratthe vadanti . ‘‘ Evaṃ su te sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalābharaṇā odātavatthavasanā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārenti seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahiM1.24 sācariyakoti . No hidaṃ , bho gotamā ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.286) pucchāyaṃ . ‘‘ Evaṃ lahuparivattaṃ ( a . ni .1.48), evamāyupariyanto ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.244; pārā .12) ca ādīsu parimāṇe . Nanu ca ‘‘ evaṃ su te sunhātā suvilittā evamāyupariyanto ’’ ti ettha evaṃ-saddena pucchanākāraparimāṇākārānaṃ vuttattā ākārattho eva evaṃ-saddoti ? Na , visesasabbhāvato . Ākāramattavācako hi evaṃ-saddo ākāratthoti adhippeto yathā ‘‘ evaṃ byākho ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.234; pāci .417; cūḷava .65), na pana ākāravisesavācako . Evañca katvā ‘‘ evaṃ jātena maccenā ’’ tiādīni ( dha . pa .53) upamādiudāharaṇāni upapannāni honti . Tathā hi ‘‘ yathā hi … pe … bahun ’’ ti ( dha . pa .53) ettha puppharāsiṭṭhāniyato manussūpapattisappurisūpanissayasaddhammassavanayonisomanasikārabhogasampatti- ādidānādipuññakiriyāhetusamudāyato sobhāsugandhatādiguṇayogato mālāguṇasadisiyo pahūtā puññakiriyā maritabbasabhāvatāya maccena sattena kattabbāti jotitattā puppharāsimālāguṇāva upamā . Tesaṃ upamākāro yathā-saddena aniyamato vuttoti ‘‘ evaṃ-saddo upamākāranigamanattho ’’ ti vattuṃ yuttaṃ , so pana upamākāro niyamiyamāno atthato upamāva hotīti āha – ‘‘ upamāyaṃ āgato ’’ ti . Tathā ‘‘ evaṃ iminā ākārena abhikkamitabban ’’ tiādinā upadisiyamānāya samaṇasāruppāya ākappasampattiyā yo tattha upadisanākāro , so atthato upadeso evāti vuttaṃ – ‘‘ evaṃ te … pe … upadese ’’ ti . Tathā evametaṃV1.23 bhagavā , evametaṃ sugatāti ettha bhagavatā yathāvuttamatthaṃ aviparītato jānantehi kataṃ tattha saṃvijjamānaguṇānaṃ pakārehi haṃsanaṃ udaggatākaraṇaṃ sampahaṃsanaṃ , yo tattha sampahaṃsanākāroti yojetabbaṃ . Evamevaṃ panāyan ti ettha garahaṇākāroti yojetabbaṃ , so ca garahaṇākāro ‘‘ vasalī ’’ tiādikhuṃsanasaddasannidhānato idha evaṃ-saddena pakāsitoti viññāyati . Yathā cettha , evaṃ upamākārādayopi upamādivasena vuttānaṃ puppharāsiādisaddānaṃ sannidhānatoti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Evaṃ , bhanteti khotiādīsu pana dhammassa sādhukaṃ savanamanasikārena niyojitehi bhikkhūhi attano tattha ṭhitabhāvassa paṭijānanavasena vuttattāM1.25 ettha evaṃ-saddo vacanasampaṭicchanattho vutto , tena ‘‘ evaṃ , bhante , sādhu bhante , suṭṭhu bhante ’’ ti vuttaṃ hoti . Evañca vadehīti ‘‘ yathāhaṃ vadāmi , evaṃ samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ vadehī ’’ ti vadanākāro idāni vattabbo evaṃ-saddena nidassīyatīti nidassanattho vutto . Evaṃ noti etthāpi tesaṃ yathāvuttadhammānaṃ ahitadukkhāvahabhāve sanniṭṭhānajananatthaṃ anumatiggahaṇavasena ‘‘ no vā , kathaṃ vo ettha hotī ’’ ti pucchāya katāya ‘‘ evaṃ no ettha hotī ’’ ti vuttattā tadākārasanniṭṭhānaṃ evaṃ-saddena vibhāvitanti viññāyati . So pana tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanākāro niyamiyamāno avadhāraṇattho hotīti āha – ‘‘ evaṃ no ettha hotītiādīsu avadhāraṇe ’’ ti . Nānānayanipuṇan ti ekattanānattaabyāpāraevaṃdhammatāsaṅkhātā , nandiyāvaṭṭatipukkhalasīhavikkīḷitaaṅkusadisālocanasaṅkhātā vā ādhārādibhedavasena nānāvidhā nayā nānānayā . Nayā vā pāḷigatiyo , tā ca paññattiādivasena saṃkilesabhāgiyādilokiyāditadubhayavomissakatādivasena kusalādivasena khandhādivasena saṅgahādivasena samayavimuttādivasena padhānādivasena kusalamūlādivasena tikapaṭṭhānādivasena ca nānappakārāti nānānayā , tehi nipuṇaṃ saṇhaṃ sukhumanti nānānayanipuṇaṃ . Āsayova ajjhāsayo , te ca sassatādibhedena tattha ca apparajakkhatādibhedena ca aneke , attajjhāsayādayo eva vā samuṭṭhānaṃ uppattihetu etassāti anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ . Atthabyañjanasampannan ti atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇaṃ upanetabbābhāvato . Saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattivasena chahi atthapadehi akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesavasena chahi byañjanapadehi ca samannāgatanti vā attho daṭṭhabbo . Vividhapāṭihāriyan ti ettha pāṭihāriyapadassa vacanatthaṃ ‘‘ paṭipakkhaharaṇato rāgādikilesāpanayanato ca pāṭihāriyan ’’ ti vadanti . Bhagavato pana paṭipakkhā rāgādayo na santiV1.24 , ye haritabbā . Puthujjanānampi vigatūpakkilese aṭṭhaguṇasamannāgate citte hatapaṭipakkhe iddhividhaṃ pavattati , tasmā tattha pavattavohārena ca na sakkā idha ‘‘ pāṭihāriyan ’’ ti vatthuṃ . Sace pana mahākāruṇikassa bhagavato veneyyagatā ca kilesāM1.26 paṭipakkhā , tesaṃ haraṇato ‘‘ pāṭihāriyan ’’ ti vuttaṃ , evaṃ sati yuttametaṃ . Atha vā bhagavato ca sāsanassa ca paṭipakkhā titthiyā , tesaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyaṃ . Te hi diṭṭhiharaṇavasena ca diṭṭhippakāsane asamatthabhāvena ca iddhiādesanānusāsanīhi haritā apanītā hontīti . ‘‘ Paṭī ’’ ti vā ayaṃ saddo ‘‘ pacchā ’’ ti etassa atthaṃ bodheti ‘‘ tasmiṃ paṭipaviṭṭhamhi , añño āgañchi brāhmaṇo ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .985; cūḷani . pārāyanavaggo , vatthugāthā 4) viya , tasmā samāhite citte vigatūpakkilese katakiccena pacchā haritabbaṃ pavattetabbanti paṭihāriyaṃ , attano vā upakkilesesu catutthajjhānamaggehi haritesu pacchā haraṇaṃ paṭihāriyaṃ , iddhiādesanānusāsaniyo ca vigatūpakkilesena katakiccena ca sattahitatthaṃ puna pavattetabbā , haritesu ca attano upakkilesesu parasattānaṃ upakkilesaharaṇāni hontīti paṭihāriyāni bhavanti . Paṭihāriyameva pāṭihāriyaṃ , paṭihāriye vā iddhiādesanānusāsanisamudāye bhavaṃ ekamekaṃ pāṭihāriyanti vuccati . Paṭihāriyaṃ vā catutthajjhānaṃ maggo ca paṭipakkhaharaṇato , tattha jātaṃ , tasmiṃ vā nimittabhūte , tato vā āgatanti pāṭihāriyaṃ . Tassa pana iddhiādibhedena visayabhedena ca bahuvidhassa bhagavato desanāyaṃ labbhamānattā āha – ‘‘ vividhapāṭihāriyan ’’ ti . Na aññathāti bhagavato sammukhā sutākārato na aññathāti attho , na pana bhagavato desitākārato . Acinteyyānubhāvā hi bhagavato desanā . Evañca katvā ‘‘ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātun ’’ ti idaṃ vacanaṃ samatthitaṃ bhavati , dhāraṇabaladassanañca na virujjhati sutākārāvirujjhanassa adhippetattā . Na hettha atthantaratāparihāro dvinnaṃ atthānaṃ ekavisayattā , itarathā thero bhagavato desanāya sabbathā paṭiggahaṇe samattho asamattho cāti āpajjeyyāti . ‘‘ Yo paro na hoti , so attā ’’ ti evaṃ vuttāya niyakajjhattasaṅkhātāya sasantatiyaṃ vattanato tividhopi me-saddo kiñcāpi ekasmiṃyeva atthe dissati , karaṇasampadānasāminiddesavasena pana vijjamānabhedaṃ sandhāyāha – ‘‘ me-saddo tīsu atthesu dissatī ’’ ti . KiñcāpiM1.27 upasaggo kiriyaṃ viseseti , jotakabhāvato pana satipi tasmiṃ suta-saddo eva taṃ tamatthaṃ vadatīti anupasaggassa suta-saddassa atthuddhāre saupasaggassa gahaṇaṃ na virujjhatītiV1.25 dassento ‘‘ saupasaggo ca anupasaggo cā ’’ ti āha . Assāti sutasaddassa . Kammabhāvasādhanāni idha sutasadde sambhavantīti vuttaṃ – ‘‘ upadhāritanti vā upadhāraṇanti vā attho ’’ ti . Mayāti atthe satīti yadā me-saddassa kattuvasena karaṇaniddeso , tadāti attho . Mamāti atthe satīti yadā sambandhavasena sāminiddeso , tadā . Sutasaddasanniṭṭhāne payuttena evaṃ -saddena savanakiriyājotakena bhavitabbanti vuttaṃ – ‘‘ evanti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanan ’’ ti . Ādi -saddena sampaṭicchanādīnaṃ sotadvārikaviññāṇānaṃ tadabhinīhaṭānañca manodvārikaviññāṇānaṃ gahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ . Sabbesampi vākyānaṃ evakāratthasahitattā ‘‘ sutan ’’ ti etassa sutamevāti ayamattho labbhatīti āha – ‘‘ assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato ’’ ti . Etena avadhāraṇena niyāmataṃ dasseti . Yathā ca sutaṃ sutamevāti niyāmetabbaṃ , taṃ sammā sutaṃ hotīti āha – ‘‘ anūnādhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanan ’’ ti . Atha vā saddantaratthāpohanavasena saddo atthaṃ vadatīti sutanti assutaṃ na hotīti ayametassa atthoti vuttaṃ – ‘‘ assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato ’’ ti . Iminā diṭṭhādivinivattanaṃ karoti . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – na idaṃ mayā diṭṭhaṃ , na sayambhuñāṇena sacchikataṃ , atha kho sutaṃ , tañca sammadevāti . Tenevāha – ‘‘ anūnādhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanan ’’ ti . Avadhāraṇatthe vā evaṃ -sadde ayamatthayojanā – ‘‘ karīyatī ’’ ti tadapekkhassa suta -saddassa ayamattho vutto ‘‘ assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato ’’ ti . Tenevāha – ‘‘ anūnādhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanan ’’ ti . Savana-saddo cettha kammattho veditabbo ‘‘ suyyatī ’’ ti . Evaṃ savanahetusavanavisesavasena padattayassa ekena pakārena atthayojanaṃ dassetvā idāni pakārantarehi taṃ dassetuṃ – ‘‘ tathā evan ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Tattha tassāti yā sā bhagavato sammukhā dhammassavanākārena pavattā manodvāraviññāṇavīthi , tassā . Sā hi nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattituṃ samatthā . Tathā ca vuttaṃ – ‘‘ sotadvārānusārenā ’’ ti . Nānappakārenāti vakkhamānānaṃ anekavihitānaṃM1.28 byañjanatthaggahaṇānaṃ nānākārena . Etena imissā yojanāya ākārattho evaṃ-saddo gahitoti dīpeti . Pavattibhāvappakāsanan ti pavattiyā atthibhāvappakāsanaṃ . Sutanti dhammappakāsanan ti yasmiṃ ārammaṇe vuttappakārā viññāṇavīthi nānappakārena pavattā , tassa dhammattā vuttaṃ , na sutasaddassa dhammatthattā . Vuttassevatthassa pākaṭīkaraṇaṃ ‘‘ ayañhetthā ’’ tiādi . Tattha viññāṇavīthiyāti karaṇatthe karaṇavacanaṃ , mayāti kattuatthe . Evanti niddisitabbappakāsanan ti nidassanatthaṃ evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ nidassetabbassa nidassitabbattābhāvābhāvatoV1.26 . Tena evaṃ-saddena sakalampi suttaṃ paccāmaṭṭhanti dasseti . Sutasaddassa kiriyāsaddattā savanakiriyāya ca sādhāraṇaviññāṇappabandhappaṭibaddhattā tattha ca puggalavohāroti vuttaṃ – ‘‘ sutanti puggalakiccappakāsanan ’’ ti . Na hi puggalavohārarahite dhammappabandhe savanakiriyā labbhatīti . Yassa cittasantānassātiādipi ākāratthameva evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā purimayojanāya aññathā atthayojanaṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ . Tattha ākārapaññattīti upādāpaññatti eva dhammānaṃ pavattiākārupādānavasena tathā vuttā . Sutanti visayaniddesoti sotabbabhūto dhammo savanakiriyākattupuggalassa savanakiriyāvasena pavattiṭṭhānanti katvā vuttaṃ . Cittasantānavinimuttassa paramatthato kassaci kattuabhāvepi saddavohārena buddhiparikappitabhedavacanicchāya cittasantānato aññaṃ viya taṃsamaṅgiṃ katvā vuttaṃ – ‘‘ cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgīno ’’ ti . Savanakiriyāvisayopi sotabbadhammo savanakiriyāvasena pavattacittasantānassa idha paramatthato kattubhāvato , savanavasena cittapavattiyā eva vā savanakiriyābhāvato taṃkiriyākattu ca visayo hotīti katvā vuttaṃ – ‘‘ taṃsamaṅgīno kattuvisaye ’’ ti . Sutākārassa ca therassa sammānicchitabhāvato āha – ‘‘ gahaṇasanniṭṭhānan ’’ ti . Etena vā avadhāraṇatthaṃ evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā ayamatthayojanā katāti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Pubbe sutānaṃ nānāvihitānaṃ suttasaṅkhātānaṃ atthabyañjanānaṃ upadhāritarūpassa ākārassa nidassanassa , avadhāraṇassa vā pakāsanasabhāvoM1.29 evaṃ-saddoti tadākārādiupadhāraṇassa puggalapaññattiyā upādānabhūtadhammappabandhabyāpāratāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘ evanti puggalakiccaniddeso ’’ ti . Savanakiriyā pana puggalavādinopi viññāṇanirapekkhā natthīti visesato viññāṇabyāpāroti āha – ‘‘ sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso ’’ ti . Meti saddappavattiyā ekanteneva sattavisayattā viññāṇakiccassa ca tattheva samodahitabbato ‘‘ meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Avijjamānapaññattivijjamānapaññattisabhāvā yathākkamaṃ evaṃsaddasutasaddānaṃ atthāti te tathārūpapaññattiupādānabyāpārabhāvena dassento āha – ‘‘ evanti puggalakiccaniddeso , sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso ’’ ti . Ettha ca karaṇakiriyākattukammavisesappakāsanavasena puggalabyāpāravisayapuggalabyāpāranidassanavasena gahaṇākāraggāhakatabbisayavisesaniddesavasena kattukaraṇabyāpārakattuniddesavasena ca dutiyādayo catasso atthayojanā dassitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Sabbassapi saddādhigamanīyassa atthassa paññattimukheneva paṭipajjitabbattā sabbapaññattīnañcaV1.27 vijjamānādivasena chasu paññattibhedesu antogadhattā tesu ‘‘ evan ’’ tiādīnaṃ paññattīnaṃ sarūpaṃ niddhārento āha – ‘‘ evanti ca meti cā ’’ tiādi . Tattha evanti ca meti ca vuccamānassatthassa ākārādino dhammānaṃ asallakkhaṇabhāvato avijjamānapaññattibhāvoti āha – ‘‘ saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññattī ’’ ti . Tattha saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasenāti bhūtatthauttamatthavasena . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo māyāmarīciādayo viya abhūtattho , anussavādīhi gahetabbo viya anuttamattho ca na hoti , so rūpasaddādisabhāvo , ruppanānubhavanādisabhāvo vā attho saccikaṭṭho paramattho cāti vuccati , na tathā ‘‘ evaṃ me ’’ tipadānaṃ atthoti . Etamevatthaṃ pākaṭataraṃ kātuṃ ‘‘ kiñhettha tan ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Sutanti pana saddāyatanaṃ sandhāyāha – ‘‘ vijjamānapaññattī ’’ ti . Teneva hi ‘‘ yañhi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . ‘‘ Sotadvārānusārena upaladdhan ’’ ti pana vutte atthabyañjanādi sabbaṃ labbhati . Taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbatoti sotapathamāgate dhamme upādāya tesaṃ upadhāritākārādino paccāmasanavasena evanti , sasantatipariyāpanne khandhe upādāya meti vattabbattāti attho . Diṭṭhādisabhāvarahite saddāyatane pavattamānopiM1.30 sutavohāro ‘‘ dutiyaṃ tatiyan ’’ tiādiko viya paṭhamādīni diṭṭhamutaviññāte apekkhitvā pavattoti āha – ‘‘ diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato ’’ ti . Assutaṃ na hotīti hi sutanti pakāsito ayamatthoti . Attanā paṭividdhā suttassa pakāravisesā evanti therena paccāmaṭṭhāti āha – ‘‘ asammohaṃ dīpetī ’’ ti . Nānappakārappaṭivedhasamattho hotīti etena vakkhamānassa suttassa nānappakārataṃ duppaṭivijjhatañca dasseti . Sutassa asammosaṃ dīpetīti sutākārassa yāthāvato dassiyamānattā vuttaṃ . Asammohenāti sammohābhāvena , paññāya eva vā savanakālasambhūtāya taduttarikālapaññāsiddhi . Evaṃ asammosenāti etthāpi vattabbaṃ . Byañjanānaṃ paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro nātigambhīro , yathāsutadhāraṇameva tattha karaṇīyanti satiyā byāpāro adhiko , paññā tattha guṇībhūtāti vuttaṃ – ‘‘ paññāpubbaṅgamāyā ’’ tiādi ‘‘ paññāya pubbaṅgamā ’’ ti katvā . Pubbaṅgamatā cettha padhānabhāvo ‘‘ manopubbaṅgamā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .1,2) viya , pubbaṅgamatāya vā cakkhuviññāṇādīsu āvajjanādīnaṃ viya appadhānatte paññā pubbaṅgamā etissāti ayampi attho yujjati , evaṃ satipubbaṅgamāyāti etthāpi vuttanayānusārena yathāsambhavamattho veditabbo . Atthabyañjanasampannassāti atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇassa , saṅkāsanappakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattivasena chahi atthapadehi akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesavasena chahi byañjanapadehi ca samannāgatassāti vā attho daṭṭhabbo . YonisomanasikāraṃV1.28 dīpeti evaṃ-saddena vuccamānānaṃ ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇatthānaṃ aviparītasaddhammavisayattāti adhippāyo . Avikkhepaṃ dīpetīti ‘‘ cittapariyādānaṃ kattha bhāsitan ’’ tiādipucchāvase pakaraṇappattassa vakkhamānassa suttassa savanaṃ samādhānamantarena na sambhavatīti katvā vuttaṃ . Vikkhittacittassātiādi tassevatthassa samatthanavasena vuttaṃ . Sabbasampattiyāti atthabyañjanadesakappayojanādisampattiyā . Aviparītasaddhammavisayehi viya ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇatthehi yonisomanasikārassa , saddhammassavanena viya ca avikkhepassa yathā yonisomanasikārena phalabhūtena attasammāpaṇidhipubbekatapuññatānaṃ siddhi vuttāM1.31 tadavinābhāvato . Evaṃ avikkhepena phalabhūtena kāraṇabhūtānaṃ saddhammassavanasappurisūpanissayānaṃ siddhi dassetabbā siyā assutavato sappurisūpanissayarahitassa ca tadabhāvato . Na hi vikkhittacittotiādinā samatthanavacanena pana avikkhepena kāraṇabhūtena sappurisūpanissayena ca phalabhūtassa saddhammassavanassa siddhi dassitā . Ayaṃ panettha adhippāyo yutto siyā , saddhammassavanasappurisūpanissayā na ekantena avikkhepassa kāraṇaṃ bāhiraṅgattā , avikkhepo pana sappurisūpanissayo viya saddhammassavanassa ekantakāraṇanti . Evampi avikkhepena sappurisūpanissayasiddhijotanā na samatthitāva . No na samatthitā vikkhittacittānaṃ sappurisapayirupāsanābhāvassa atthasiddhattā . Ettha ca purimaṃ phalena kāraṇassa siddhidassanaṃ nadīpūrena viya upari vuṭṭhisabbhāvassa , dutiyaṃ kāraṇena phalassa siddhidassanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ ekantavassinā viya meghavuṭṭhānena vuṭṭhippavattiyā . Bhagavato vacanassa atthabyañjanappabhedaparicchedavasena sakalasāsanasampattiogāhanākāro niravasesaparahitapāripūritākāraṇanti vuttaṃ – ‘‘ evaṃ bhaddako ākāro ’’ ti . Yasmā na hotīti sambandho . Pacchimacakkadvayasampattin ti attasammāpaṇidhipubbekatapuññatāsaṅkhātaguṇadvayaṃ . Aparāparaṃ vuttiyā cettha cakkabhāvo , caranti etehi sattā sampattibhavesūti vā . Ye sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘ cattārimāni , bhikkhave , cakkāni , yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ vattatī ’’ tiādi ( a . ni .4.31). Purimapacchimabhāvo cettha desanākkamavasena daṭṭhabbo . Pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyāti pacchimacakkadvayassa atthitāya . Sammāpaṇihitatto pubbe ca katapuñño suddhāsayo hoti tadasiddhihetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ dūrībhāvatoti āha – ‘‘ āsayasuddhi siddhā hotī ’’ ti . Tathā hi vuttaṃ – ‘‘ sammāpaṇihitaṃ cittaṃ , seyyaso naṃ tato kare ’’ ti ( dha . pa .43),‘‘ katapuññosi tvaṃ , ānanda , padhānamanuyuñja , khippaṃ hohisi anāsavo ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.207) ca . Tenevāha – ‘‘ āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhī ’’ ti . Payogasuddhiyāti yonisomanasikārapubbaṅgamassa dhammassavanappayogassa visadabhāvena . Tathā cāha – ‘‘ āgamabyattisiddhī ’’ tiV1.29 , sabbassa vā kāyavacīpayogassa niddosabhāvena . Parisuddhakāyavacīpayogo hi vippaṭisārābhāvato avikkhittacitto pariyattiyaṃ visārado hotīti . NānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakenātiādināM1.32 atthabyañjanesu therassa evaṃ-saddasuta-saddānaṃ asammohadīpanato catuppaṭisambhidāvasena atthayojanaṃ dasseti . Tattha sotappabhedapaṭivedhadīpakenāti etena ayaṃ suta-saddo evaṃ-saddasannidhānato , vakkhamānāpekkhāya vā sāmaññeneva sotabbadhammavisesaṃ āmasatīti dasseti . Manodiṭṭhikaraṇānaṃ pariyattidhammānaṃ anupekkhanasuppaṭivedhā visesato manasikārappaṭibaddhāti te vuttanayena yonisomanasikāradīpakena evaṃ-saddena yojetvā , savanadhāraṇavacīparicayā pariyattidhammā visesena sotāvadhānappaṭibaddhāti te avikkhepadīpakena suta-saddena yojetvā dassento sāsanasampattiyā dhammassavane ussāhaṃ janeti . Tattha dhammāti pariyattidhammā . Manasā anupekkhitāti ‘‘ idha sīlaṃ kathitaṃ , idha samādhi , idha paññā , ettakā ettha anusandhayo ’’ tiādinā nayena manasā anu anu pekkhitā . Diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhāti nijjhānakkhanti bhūtāya , ñātapariññāsaṅkhātāya vā diṭṭhiyā tattha tattha vuttarūpārūpadhamme ‘‘ iti rūpaṃ , ettakaṃ rūpan ’’ tiādinā suṭṭhu vavatthapetvā paṭividdhā . Sakalena vacanenāti pubbe tīhi padehi visuṃ visuṃ yojitattā vuttaṃ . Asappurisabhūmin ti akataññutaṃ ,‘‘ idhekacco pāpabhikkhu tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā attano dahatī ’’ ti ( pārā .195) evaṃ vuttaṃ anariyavohārāvatthaṃ . Sā eva anariyavohārāvatthā asaddhammo . Nanu ca ānandattherassa ‘‘ mamedaṃ vacanan ’’ ti adhimānassa , mahākassapattherādīnañca tadāsaṅkāya abhāvato asappurisabhūmisamatikkamādivacanaṃ niratthakanti ? Nayidamevaṃ ,‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ ti vadantena ayampi attho vibhāvitoti dassanato . Keci pana ‘‘ devatānaṃ parivitakkāpekkhaṃ tathāvacananti edisī codanā anavakāsā ’’ ti vadanti . Tasmiṃ kira khaṇe ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘ bhagavā parinibbuto , ayañca āyasmā desanākusalo idāni dhammaṃ deseti , sakyakulappasuto tathāgatassa bhātā cūḷapituputto , kiṃ nu kho sayaṃ sacchikataṃ dhammaṃ deseti , udāhu bhagavato eva vacanaṃ yathāsutan ’’ ti , evaṃ tadāsaṅkitappakārato asappurisabhūmisamokkamādito atikkamādi vibhāvitanti . Attano adahantoti ‘‘ mamedan ’’ ti attani aṭṭhapento . AppetītiM1.33 nidasseti . Diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthesu yathārahaṃ satte netīti netti , dhammoyeva netti dhammanetti . DaḷhataraniviṭṭhāV1.30 vicikicchā kaṅkhā . Nātisaṃsappanaṃ matibhedamattaṃ vimati . Assaddhiyaṃ vināseti bhagavatā bhāsitattā sammukhā cassa paṭiggahitattā khalitaduruttādiggahaṇadosābhāvato ca . Ettha ca pañcamādayo tisso atthayojanā ākārādiatthesu aggahitavisesameva evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā dassitā , tato parā catasso ākāratthameva evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā vibhāvitā , pacchimā pana tisso yathākkamaṃ ākāratthaṃ nidassanatthaṃ avadhāraṇatthañca evaṃ-saddaṃ gahetvā yojitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Eka-saddo aññaseṭṭhaasahāyasaṅkhādīsu dissati . Tathā hesa ‘‘ sassato attā ca loko ca , idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadantī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.27) aññatthe dissati ,‘‘ cetaso ekodibhāvan ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.228; pārā .11) seṭṭhe ,‘‘ eko vūpakaṭṭho ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.405;2.215; ma . ni .1.80; saṃ . ni .3.63; cūḷava .445) asahāye ‘‘ ekova kho , bhikkhave , khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .8.29) saṅkhāyaṃ . Idhāpi saṅkhāyanti dassento āha – ‘‘ ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso ’’ ti . Kālañca samayañcāti yuttakālañca paccayasāmaggiñca . Khaṇoti okāso . Tathāgatuppādādiko hi maggabrahmacariyassa okāso tappaccayappaṭilābhahetuttā . Khaṇo eva ca samayo . Yo khaṇoti ca samayoti ca vuccati , so eko evāti hi attho . Mahāsamayoti mahāsamūho . Samayopi khoti sikkhāpadapūraṇassa hetupi . Samayappavādaketi diṭṭhippavādake . Tattha hi nisinnā titthiyā attano attano samayaṃ pavadantīti . Atthābhisamayāti hitappaṭilābhā . Abhisametabboti abhisamayo , abhisamayo attho abhisamayaṭṭhoti pīḷanādīni abhisametabbabhāvena ekībhāvaṃ upanetvā vuttāni . Abhisamayassa vā paṭivedhassa visayabhūto attho abhisamayaṭṭhoti tāneva tathā ekattena vuttāni . TatthaM1.34 pīḷanaṃ dukkhasaccassa taṃsamaṅgino hiṃsanaṃ avipphārikatākaraṇaṃ . Santāpo dukkhadukkhatādivasena santapanaṃ paridahanaṃ . Tattha sahakārikāraṇe sanijjhaṃ sameti samavetīti samayo , samavāyo . Sameti samāgacchati ettha maggabrahmacariyaṃ tadādhārapuggalehīti samayo , khaṇo . Sameti ettha , etena vā saṃgacchati satto , sabhāvadhammo vā sahajātādīhi , uppādādīhi vāti samayo , kālo . Dhammappavattimattatāya atthato abhūtopi hi kālo dhammappavattiyā adhikaraṇaṃ karaṇaṃ viya ca kappanāmattasiddhena rūpena voharīyatīti . Samaṃ , saha vā avayavānaṃ ayanaṃ pavatti avaṭṭhānanti samayo , samūho yathā ‘‘ samudāyo ’’ ti . Avayavasahāvaṭṭhānameva hi samūhoti . AvasesapaccayānaṃV1.31 samāgame eti phalaṃ etasmā uppajjati pavattati cāti samayo , hetu yathā ‘‘ samudayo ’’ ti . Sameti saṃyojanabhāvato sambaddho eti attano visaye pavattati , daḷhaggahaṇabhāvato vā saṃyuttā ayanti pavattanti sattā yathābhinivesaṃ etenāti samayo , diṭṭhi . Diṭṭhisaṃyojanena hi sattā ativiya bajjhantīti . Samiti saṅgati samodhānanti samayo , paṭilābho . Samassa yānaṃ , sammā vā yānaṃ apagamoti samayo , pahānaṃ . Abhimukhaṃ ñāṇena sammā etabbo abhisametabboti abhisamayo , dhammānaṃ aviparīto sabhāvo . Abhimukhabhāvena sammā eti gacchati bujjhatīti abhisamayo , dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvāvabodho . Evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ atthe samayasaddassa pavatti veditabbā . Samayasaddassa atthuddhāre abhisamayasaddassa udāharaṇaṃ vuttanayena veditabbaṃ . Assāti samayasaddassa . Kālo attho samavāyādīnaṃ atthānaṃ idha asambhavato , desadesakaparisānaṃ viya suttassa nidānabhāvena kālassa apadisitabbato ca . Kasmā panettha aniyamitavaseneva kālo niddiṭṭho , na utusaṃvaccharādivasena niyametvāti āha – ‘‘ tattha kiñcāpī ’’ tiādi . Utusaṃvaccharādivasena niyamaṃ akatvā samayasaddassa vacane ayampi guṇo laddho hotīti dassento ‘‘ ye vā ime ’’ tiādimāha . Sāmaññajotanā hi visese avatiṭṭhatīti . Tattha diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo devasikaṃ jhānasamāpattīhi vītināmanakālo , visesato sattasattāhāni . Suppakāsāti dasasahassilokadhātuyā pakampanaobhāsapātubhāvādīhiM1.35 pākaṭā . Yathāvuttabhedesu eva samayesu ekadesaṃ pakārantarehi saṅgahetvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ yo cāyan ’’ tiādimāha . Tathā hi ñāṇakiccasamayo attahitappaṭipattisamayo ca abhisambodhisamayo , ariyatuṇhībhāvasamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo , karuṇākiccaparahitappaṭipattidhammikathāsamayo desanāsamayoyeva . Karaṇavacanena niddeso katoti sambandho . Tatthāti abhidhammavinayesu . Tathāti bhummakaraṇehi . Adhikaraṇattho ādhārattho . Bhāvo nāma kiriyā , kiriyāya kiriyantaralakkhaṇaṃ bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇaṃ . Tattha yathā kālo sabhāvadhammaparicchinno sayaṃ paramatthato avijjamānopi ādhārabhāvena paññāto taṅkhaṇappavattānaṃ tato pubbe parato ca abhāvato ‘‘ pubbaṇhe jāto , sāyanhe gacchatī ’’ ti ca ādīsu , samūho ca avayavavinimutto avijjamānopi kappanāmattasiddho avayavānaṃ ādhārabhāvena paññāpīyati ‘‘ rukkhe sākhā , yavarāsiyaṃ sambhūto ’’ tiādīsu , evaṃ idhāpīti dassento āha – ‘‘ adhikaraṇaṃ … pe … dhammānan ’’ ti . Yasmiṃ kāle , dhammapuñje vā kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti , tasmiṃ eva kāle , dhammapuñjeV1.32 ca phassādayopi hontīti ayañhi tattha attho . Yathā ‘‘ gāvīsu duyhamānāsu gato , duddhāsu āgato ’’ ti dohanakiriyāya gamanakiriyā lakkhīyati , evaṃ idhāpi ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye , tasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti ca vutte ‘‘ satī ’’ ti ayamattho viññāyamāno eva hoti padatthassa sattāvirahābhāvatoti samayassa sattākiriyāya cittassa uppādakiriyā , phassādīnaṃ bhavanakiriyā ca lakkhīyatīti . Yasmiṃ samayeti yasmiṃ navame khaṇe , yasmiṃ yonisomanasikārādihetumhi , paccayasamavāye vā sati kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti , tasmiṃyeva khaṇe hetumhi paccayasamavāye ca phassādayopi hontīti ubhayattha samayasadde bhummaniddeso kato lakkhaṇabhūtabhāvayuttoti dassento āha – ‘‘ khaṇa … pe … lakkhīyatī ’’ ti . Hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati ‘‘ annena vasati , ajjhenena vasati , pharasunā chindati , kudālena khaṇatī ’’ tiādīsu viya . Vītikkamañhi sutvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā otiṇṇe vatthusmiṃ taṃ puggalaṃ paṭipucchitvāM1.36 vigarahitvā ca taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ otiṇṇakālaṃ anatikkamitvā teneva kālena sikkhāpadāni paññāpento bhagavā viharati sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno tatiyapārājikādīsu viya . Accantameva ārambhato paṭṭhāya yāva desanāniṭṭhānaṃ parahitappaṭipattisaṅkhātena karuṇāvihārena . Tadatthajotanatthan ti accantasaṃyogatthajotanatthaṃ . Upayogavacananiddeso kato yathā ‘‘ māsaṃ ajjhetī ’’ ti . Porāṇāti aṭṭhakathācariyā . Abhilāpamattabhedoti vacanamattena viseso . Tena suttavinayesu vibhattibyattayo katoti dasseti . Idāni ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti imassa atthaṃ dassento āha – ‘‘ bhagavāti garū ’’ tiādi . Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhan ti seṭṭhavācakaṃ vacanaṃ , seṭṭhaguṇasahacaraṇaṃ seṭṭhanti vuttaṃ . Atha vā vuccatīti vacanaṃ , attho . Yasmā yo ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti vacanena vacanīyo attho , so seṭṭhoti attho . Bhagavāti vacanamuttaman ti etthāpi eseva nayo . Gāravayuttoti garubhāvayutto garuguṇayogato . Garukaraṇaṃ vā sātisayaṃ arahatīti gāravayutto , gāravārahoti attho . Sippādisikkhāpakā garū honti , na ca gāravayuttā , ayaṃ pana tādiso na hoti , tasmā garūti vatvā gāravayuttoti vuttanti keci . Vuttoyeva , na idha vattabbo visuddhimaggassa imissā aṭṭhakathāya ekadesabhāvatoti adhippāyo . Dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karotīti ‘‘ yo vo , ānanda , mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññattoV1.33 , so vo mamaccayena satthā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.216) vacanato dhammassa satthubhāvapariyāyo vijjatīti katvā vuttaṃ . Vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo parehi abhejjasarīrattā . Na hi bhagavato rūpakāye kenaci sakkā antarāyo kātunti . Desanāsampattiṃ niddisati vakkhamānassa sakalasuttassa evanti niddisanato . Sāvakasampattiṃ niddisati paṭisambhidāpattena pañcasu ṭhānesu bhagavatā etadagge ṭhapitena mayā mahāsāvakena sutaṃ , tañca kho mayā sutaṃ , na anussutikaṃ , na paramparābhatanti imassa atthassa dīpanato . Kālasampattiṃ niddisati ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti padassa sannidhāne payuttassa samayasaddassa kālassa buddhuppādappaṭimaṇḍitabhāvadīpanatoM1.37 . Buddhuppādaparamā hi kālasampadā . Tenetaṃ vuccati – ‘‘ Kappakasāye kaliyuge , buddhuppādo aho mahacchariyaṃ ; Hutāvahamajjhe jātaṃ , samuditamakarandamaravindan ’’ ti .( dī . ni . ṭī .1.1; saṃ . ni . ṭī .1.1.1 devatāsaṃyutta ); Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ niddisati guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanabhāvato . Evaṃnāmake nagareti kathaṃ panetaṃ nagaraṃ evaṃnāmakaṃ jātanti ? Vuccate , yathā kākandassa isino nivāsaṭṭhāne māpitā nagarī kākandī , mākandassa nivāsaṭṭhāne māpitā mākandī , kusambassa nivāsaṭṭhāne māpitā kosambīti vuccati , evaṃ savatthassa isino nivāsaṭṭhāne māpitā nagarī sāvatthīti vuccati . Evaṃ tāva akkharacintakā vadanti . Aṭṭhakathācariyā pana bhaṇanti – ‘‘ yaṃ kiñci manussānaṃ upabhogaparibhogaṃ , sabbamettha atthī ’’ ti sāvatthi . Satthasamāyoge ca ‘ kiṃ bhaṇḍamatthī ’ ti pucchite ‘ sabbamatthī ’ ti vacanamupādāya sāvatthi . ‘‘ Sabbadā sabbūpakaraṇaṃ , sāvatthiyaṃ samohitaṃ ; Tasmā sabbamupādāya , sāvatthīti pavuccati .( ma . ni . aṭṭha .1.14; khu . pā . aṭṭha .5. maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanā ; udā . aṭṭha .5; paṭi . ma .2.1.184); ‘‘ Kosalānaṃ puraṃ rammaṃ , dassaneyyaṃ manoramaṃ ; Dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ , annapānasamāyutaṃ . ‘‘ VuddhiṃV1.34 vepullataṃ pattaṃ , iddhaṃ phītaṃ manoramaṃ ; Āḷakamandāva devānaṃ , sāvatthipuramuttaman ’’ ti .( ma . ni . aṭṭha .1.14; khu . pā . aṭṭha .5. maṅgalasuttavaṇṇanā ); Avisesenāti na visesena , vihārabhāvasāmaññenāti attho . Iriyāpathavihāro … pe … vihāresūti iriyāpathavihāro dibbavihāro brahmavihāro ariyavihāroti etesu catūsu vihāresu . Samaṅgiparidīpanan ti samaṅgibhāvaparidīpanaṃ . Etan ti viharatīti etaṃ padaṃ . Tathā hi taṃ ‘‘ idhekacco gihisaṃsaṭṭho viharati sahanandī sahasokī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.241) iriyāpathavihāre āgataṃ ,‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye , bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehiM1.38 … paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa .499; vibha .624) dibbavihāre ,‘‘ so mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.556;3.308; ma . ni .1.77,459,509;2.309,315,451,471;3.230, vibha .642,643) brahmavihāre ,‘‘ so khohaṃ , aggivessana , tassāyeva kathāya pariyosāne tasmiṃyeva purimasmiṃ samādhinimitte ajjhattameva cittaṃ saṇṭhapemi sannisādemi ekodiṃ karomi , samādahāmi , yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.387) ariyavihāre . Tattha iriyanaṃ pavattanaṃ iriyā , kāyappayogo . Tassā pavattanūpāyabhāvato ṭhānādi iriyāpatho . Ṭhānasamaṅgī vā hi kāyena kiñci kareyya gamanādīsu aññatarasamaṅgī vā . Atha vā iriyati pavattati etena attabhāvo , kāyakiccaṃ vāti iriyā , tassā pavattiyā upāyabhāvato pathoti iriyāpatho , ṭhānādi eva . So ca atthato gatinivattiādiākārena pavatto catusantatirūpappabandho eva . Viharaṇaṃ , viharati etenāti vā vihāro . Divi bhavo dibbo , tattha bahulappavattiyā brahmapārisajjādidevaloke bhavoti attho . Tattha yo dibbānubhāvo , tadatthāya saṃvattatīti vā dibbo , abhiññābhinīhāravasena mahāgatikattā vā dibbo , dibbo ca so vihāro cāti dibbavihāro , catasso rūpāvacarasamāpattiyo . Arūpasamāpattiyopi ettheva saṅgahaṃ gacchanti . Brahmānaṃ , brahmāno vā vihārā brahmavihārā , catasso appamaññāyo . Ariyo , ariyānaṃ vā vihāro ariyavihāro , cattāri sāmaññaphalāni . So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanan tiādi yadipi bhagavā ekenapi iriyāpathena cirataraṃ kālaṃ attabhāvaṃ pavattetuṃ sakkoti , tathāpi upādinnakasarīrassa ayaṃ sabhāvoti dassetuṃ vuttaṃ . Yasmā vā bhagavā yattha katthaci vasanto veneyyānaṃ dhammaṃ desento nānāsamāpattīhiV1.35 ca kālaṃ vītināmento vasatīti sattānaṃ attano ca vividhahitasukhaṃ harati upaneti uppādeti , tasmā vividhaṃ haratīti viharatīti evamettha attho veditabbo . JetassaM1.39 rājakumārassāti ettha attano paccatthikajanaṃ jinātīti jeto . Sotasaddo viya hi kattusādhano jetasaddo . Atha vā raññā pasenadikosalena attano paccatthikajane jite jātoti jeto . Rañño hi jayaṃ āropetvā kumāro jitavāti jetoti vutto . Maṅgalakāmatāya vā tassa evaṃnāmameva katanti jeto . Maṅgalakāmatāya hi jeyyoti etasmiṃ atthe jetoti vuttaṃ . Vitthāro panātiādinā ‘‘ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme ’’ ti ettha sudatto nāma so , gahapati , mātāpitūhi katanāmavasena , sabbakāmasamiddhatāya pana vigatamaccheratāya karuṇādiguṇasamaṅgitāya ca niccakālaṃ anāthānaṃ piṇḍamadāsi . Tena anāthapiṇḍikoti saṅkhaṃ gato . Āramanti ettha pāṇino , visesena vā pabbajitāti ārāmo , tassa pupphaphalādisobhāya nātidūranaccāsannatādipañcavidhasenāsanaṅgasampattiyā ca tato tato āgamma ramanti abhiramanti , anukkaṇṭhitā hutvā nivasantīti attho . Vuttappakārāya vā sampattiyā tattha tattha gatepi attano abbhantaraṃyeva ānetvā rametīti ārāmo . So hi anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā jetassa rājakumārassa hatthato aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi santhārena kiṇitvā aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi senāsanāni kārāpetvā aṭṭhārasahiraññakoṭīhi vihāramahaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā evaṃ catupaññāsahiraññakoṭipariccāgena buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niyyātito , tasmā ‘‘ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo ’’ ti vuccatīti imamatthaṃ nidasseti . Tatthāti ‘‘ ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme ’’ ti yaṃ vuttaṃ vākyaṃ , tattha . Siyāti kassaci evaṃ parivitakko siyā , vakkhamānākārena kadāci codeyya vāti attho . Atha tattha viharatīti yadi jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme viharati . Na vattabban ti nānāṭhānabhūtattā sāvatthijetavanānaṃ ,‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti ca vuttattāti adhippāyo . Idāni codako tameva attano adhippāyaṃ ‘‘ na hi sakkā ’’ tiādinā vivarati . Itaro sabbametaṃ aviparītaṃ atthaṃ ajānantena tayā vuttanti dassento ‘‘ na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabban ’’ tiādimāha . Tattha etan ti ‘‘ sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme ’’ ti etaṃ vacanaṃ . Evan ti ‘‘ yadi tāva bhagavā ’’ tiādināM1.40 yaṃ taṃ bhavatā coditaṃ , taṃ atthato evaṃ na kho pana daṭṭhabbaṃ , na ubhayattha apubbaṃ acarimaṃ vihāradassanatthanti attho . Idāni attanā yathādhippetaṃ aviparītamatthaṃ , tassa ca paṭikacceva vuttabhāvaṃ , tena ca appaṭividdhataṃ pakāsento ‘‘ nanu avocumha … pe … jetavane ’’ ti āha . EvampiV1.36 ‘‘ jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme viharati ’’ cceva vattabbaṃ , na ‘‘ sāvatthiyan ’’ ti codanaṃ manasi katvā vuttaṃ – ‘‘ gocaragāmanidassanatthan ’’ tiādi . Avassañcettha gocaragāmakittanaṃ kattabbaṃ . Tathā hi taṃ yathā jetavanādikittanaṃ pabbajitānuggahakaraṇādianekappayojanaṃ , evaṃ gocaragāmakittanampi gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇādivividhapayojananti dassento ‘‘ sāvatthivacanenā ’’ tiādimāha . Tattha paccayaggahaṇena upasaṅkamapayirupāsanānaṃ okāsadānena dhammadesanāya saraṇesu sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāpanena yathūpanissayaṃ uparivisesādhigamāvahanena ca gahaṭṭhānuggahakaraṇaṃ , uggahaparipucchānaṃ kammaṭṭhānānuyogassa ca anurūpavasanaṭṭhānapariggahenettha pabbajitānuggahakaraṇaṃ veditabbaṃ . Karuṇāya upagamanaṃ , na lābhādinimittaṃ . Paññāya apagamanaṃ , na virodhādinimittanti upagamanāpagamanānaṃ nirupakkilesataṃ vibhāveti . Dhammikasukhaṃ nāma anavajjasukhaṃ . Devatānaṃ upakārabahulatā janavivittatāya . Pacurajanavivittañhi ṭhānaṃ devā upasaṅkamitabbaṃ maññanti . Tadatthaparinipphādanan ti lokatthanipphādanaṃ , buddhakiccasampādananti attho . Evamādināti ādi -saddena sāvatthikittanena rūpakāyassa anuggaṇhanaṃ dasseti , jetavanādikittanena dhammakāyassa . Tathā purimena parādhīnakiriyākaraṇaṃ , dutiyena attādhīnakiriyākaraṇaṃ . Purimena vā karuṇākiccaṃ , itarena paññākiccaṃ . Purimena cassa paramāya anukampāya samannāgamaṃ , pacchimena paramāya upekkhāya samannāgamaṃ dīpeti . Bhagavā hi sabbasatte paramāya anukampāya anukampati , na ca tattha sinehadosānupatito paramupekkhakabhāvato . Upekkhako ca na parahitasukhakaraṇe appossukko mahākāruṇikabhāvato . Tassa mahākāruṇikatāya lokanāthatā , upekkhakatāya attanāthatā . Tathā hesa bodhisattabhūto mahākaruṇāya sañcoditamānaso sakalalokahitāya ussukkamāpanno mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāyaM1.41 tadatthanipphādanatthaṃ puññañāṇasambhāre sampādento aparimitaṃ kālaṃ anappakaṃ dukkhamanubhosi , upekkhakatāya sammā patitehi dukkhehi na vikampitatā . Mahākāruṇikatāya saṃsārābhimukhatā , upekkhakatāya tato nibbindanā . Tathā upekkhakatāya nibbānābhimukhatā , mahākāruṇikatāya tadadhigamo . Tathā mahākāruṇikatāya paresaṃ ahiṃsāpanaṃ , upekkhakatāya sayaṃ parehi abhāyanaṃ . Mahākāruṇikatāya paraṃ rakkhato attano rakkhaṇaṃ , upekkhakatāya attānaṃ rakkhato paresaṃ rakkhaṇaṃ . Tenassa attahitāya paṭipannādīsu catutthapuggalabhāvo siddho hoti . Tathā mahākāruṇikatāya saccādhiṭṭhānassa ca cāgādhiṭṭhānassa ca pāripūrī , upekkhakatāya upasamādhiṭṭhānassa ca paññādhiṭṭhānassa ca pāripūrīV1.37 . Evaṃ purisuddhāsayappayogassa mahākāruṇikatāya lokahitatthameva rajjasampadādibhavasampattiyā upagamanaṃ , upekkhakatāya tiṇāyapi amaññamānassa tato apagamanaṃ . Iti suvisuddhaupagamāpagamassa mahākāruṇikatāya lokahitatthameva dānavasena sampattīnaṃ pariccajanā , upekkhakatāya cassa phalassa attano apaccāsīsanā . Evaṃ samudāgamanato paṭṭhāya acchariyabbhutaguṇasamannāgatassa mahākāruṇikatāya paresaṃ hitasukhatthaṃ atidukkarakāritā , upekkhakatāya kāyampi analaṅkāritā . Tathā mahākāruṇikatāya carimattabhāve jiṇṇāturamatadassanena sañjātasaṃvego , upekkhakatāya uḷāresu devabhogasadisesu bhogesu nirapekkho mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhami . Tathā mahākāruṇikatāya ‘‘ kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno ’’ tiādinā ( dī . ni .2.57; saṃ . ni .2.4,10) karuṇāmukheneva vipassanārambho , upekkhakatāya buddhabhūtassa satta sattāhāni vivekasukheneva vītināmanaṃ . Mahākāruṇikatāya dhammagambhīrataṃ paccavekkhitvā dhammadesanāya appossukkanaṃ āpajjitvāpi mahābrahmuno ajjhesanāpadesena okāsakaraṇaṃ , upekkhakatāya pañcavaggiyādiveneyyānaṃ ananurūpasamudācārepi anaññathābhāvo . Mahākāruṇikatāya katthaci paṭighātābhāvenassa sabbattha amittasaññābhāvo , upekkhakatāya katthacipi anurodhābhāvena sabbattha sinehasanthavābhāvo . Mahākāruṇikatāya paresaṃ pasādanā , upekkhakatāyaM1.42 pasannākārehi na vikampanā . Mahākāruṇikatāya dhammānurāgābhāvena tattha ācariyamuṭṭhiabhāvo , upekkhakatāya sāvakānurāgābhāvena parivāraparikammatābhāvo . Mahākāruṇikatāya dhammaṃ desetuṃ parehi saṃsaggamupagacchatopi upekkhakatāya na tattha abhirati . Mahākāruṇikatāya gāmādīnaṃ āsannaṭṭhāne vasatopi upekkhakatāya araññaṭṭhāne eva viharaṇaṃ . Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ purimenassa paramāya anukampāya samannāgamaṃ dīpetī ’’ ti . Tan ti tatrāti padaṃ . ‘‘ Desakālaparidīpanan ’’ ti ye desakālā idha viharaṇakiriyāvisesanabhāvena vuttā , tesaṃ paridīpananti dassento ‘‘ yaṃ samayaṃ … pe … dīpetī ’’ ti āha . Taṃ-saddo hi vuttassa atthassa paṭiniddeso , tasmā idha kālassa desassa vā paṭiniddeso bhavitumarahati , na aññassa . Ayaṃ tāva tatra-saddassa paṭiniddesabhāve atthavibhāvanā . Yasmā pana īdisesu ṭhānesu tatra-saddo dhammadesanāvisiṭṭhaṃ desakālañca vibhāveti , tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘ bhāsitabbayutte vā desakāle dīpetī ’’ ti . Tena tatrāti yatra bhagavā dhammadesanatthaṃ bhikkhū ālapati bhāsati , tādise dese , kāle vāti attho . Na hītiādinā tamevatthaṃ samattheti . Nanu ca yattha ṭhito bhagavā ‘‘ akālo kho tāvā ’’ tiādināV1.38 bāhiyassa dhammadesanaṃ paṭikkhipi , tattheva antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhito tassa dhammaṃ desesīti ? Saccametaṃ , adesetabbakāle adesanāya idaṃ udāharaṇaṃ . Tenevāha – ‘‘ akālo kho tāvā ’’ ti . Yaṃ pana tattha vuttaṃ – ‘‘ antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhamhā ’’ ti , tampi tassa akālabhāvasseva pariyāyena dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ . Tassa hi tadā addhānaparissamena rūpakāye akammaññatā ahosi , balavapītivegena nāmakāye . Tadubhayassa vūpasamaṃ āgamento papañcaparihāratthaṃ bhagavā ‘‘ akālo kho ’’ ti pariyāyena paṭikkhipi . Adesetabbadese adesanāya pana udāharaṇaṃ ‘‘ atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi ( saṃ . ni .2.154), vihārapacchāyāyaṃ paññatte āsane nisīdī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.363) ca evamādikaṃ idha ādisaddena saṅgahitaṃ . ‘‘ Atha kho so , bhikkhave , bālo idha pubbe nesādo idha pāpāni kammāni karitvā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.251) padapūraṇamatte kho-saddo ,‘‘ dukkhaṃ kho agāravo viharatiM1.43 appatisso ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.21) avadhāraṇe ,‘‘ kittāvatā nu kho , āvuso , satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.31) ādikālatthe , vākyārambheti attho . Tattha padapūraṇena vacanālaṅkāramattaṃ kataṃ hoti , ādikālatthena vākyassa upaññāsamattaṃ . Avadhāraṇatthena pana niyamadassanaṃ , tasmā āmantesi evāti āmantane niyamo dassito hoti . Bhagavāti lokagarudīpanan ti kasmā vuttaṃ , nanu pubbepi bhagavāsaddassa attho vuttoti ? Yadipi vutto , taṃ panassa yathāvutte ṭhāne viharaṇakiriyāya kattu visesadassanatthaṃ kataṃ , na āmantanakiriyāya , idha pana āmantanakiriyāya , tasmā tadatthaṃ puna ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti pāḷiyaṃ vuttanti tassatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ bhagavāti lokagarudīpanan ’’ ti āha . Tena lokagarubhāvato tadanurūpaṃ paṭipattiṃ patthento attano santikaṃ upagatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ te āmantesīti dasseti . Kathāsavanayuttapuggalavacanan ti vakkhamānāya cittapariyādānadesanāya savanayoggapuggalavacanaṃ . Catūsupi parisāsu bhikkhū eva edisānaṃ desanānaṃ visesena bhājanabhūtāti sātisayaṃ sāsanasampaṭiggāhakabhāvadassanatthaṃ idha bhikkhuggahaṇanti dassetvā idāni saddatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ apicā ’’ tiādimāha . Tattha bhikkhakoti bhikkhūti bhikkhanadhammatāya bhikkhūti attho . Bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagatoti buddhādīhi ajjhupagataṃ bhikkhācariyaṃ , uñchācariyaṃ , ajjhupagatattā anuṭṭhitattā bhikkhu . Yo hi appaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito , so kasigorakkhādijīvikākappanaṃ hitvā liṅgasampaṭicchanenevaV1.39 bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagatattā bhikkhu , parappaṭibaddhajīvikattā vā vihāramajjhe kājabhattaṃ bhuñjamānopi bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagatoti bhikkhu , piṇḍiyālopabhojanaṃ nissāya pabbajjāya ussāhajātattā vā bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagatoti bhikkhūti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo . Ādinā nayenāti ‘‘ chinnabhinnapaṭadharoti bhikkhu , bhindati pāpake akusale dhammeti bhikkhu , bhinnattā pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhikkhū ’’ tiādinā ( vibha .510) vibhaṅge āgatanayena . Ñāpaneti avabodhane , paṭivedaneti attho . BhikkhanasīlatātiM1.44 bhikkhanena jīvanasīlatā , na kasivāṇijjādinā jīvanasīlatā . Bhikkhanadhammatāti ‘‘ uddissa ariyā tiṭṭhantī ’’ ti ( jā .1.7.59) evaṃ vuttā bhikkhanasabhāvatā , na yācanakohaññasabhāvatā . Bhikkhane sādhukāritāti ‘‘ uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyyā ’’ ti ( dha . pa .168) vacanaṃ anussaritvā tattha appamajjanā . Atha vā sīlaṃ nāma pakatisabhāvo , idha pana tadadhiṭṭhānaṃ . Dhammoti vataṃ . Sādhukāritāti sakkaccakāritā ādarakiriyā . Hīnādhikajanasevitan ti ye bhikkhubhāve ṭhitāpi jātimadādivasena uddhatā unnaḷā , ye ca gihibhāve paresaṃ adhikabhāvampi anupagatattā bhikkhācariyaṃ paramakāruññataṃ maññanti , tesaṃ ubhayesampi yathākkamaṃ ‘‘ bhikkhavo ’’ ti vacanena hīnajanehi daliddehi paramakāruññataṃ pattehi parakulesu bhikkhācariyāya jīvikaṃ kappentehi sevitaṃ vuttiṃ pakāsento uddhatabhāvaniggahaṃ karoti . Adhikajanehi uḷārabhogakhattiyakulādito pabbajitehi buddhādīhi ājīvavisodhanatthaṃ sevitaṃ vuttiṃ pakāsento dīnabhāvaniggahaṃ karotīti yojetabbaṃ . Yasmā ‘‘ bhikkhavo ’’ ti vacanaṃ āmantanabhāvato abhimukhīkaraṇaṃ , pakaraṇato sāmatthiyato ca sussusājananaṃ sakkaccasavanamanasikāraniyojanañca hoti , tasmā tamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘ bhikkhavoti iminā ’’ tiādimāha . Tattha sādhukaṃ savanamanasikāreti sādhukasavane sādhukamanasikāre ca . Kathaṃ pana pavattitā savanādayo sādhukaṃ pavattitā hontīti ? ‘‘ Addhā imāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sakalasāsanasampatti hatthagatā bhavissatī ’’ ti ādaragāravayogena kathādīsu aparibhavādinā ca . Vuttañhi ‘‘ pañcahi , bhikkhave , dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ . Katamehi pañcahi ? Kathaṃ na paribhoti , kathitaṃ na paribhoti , na attānaṃ paribhoti , avikkhittacitto dhammaṃ suṇāti ekaggacitto , yoniso ca manasikaroti . Imehi kho , bhikkhave , pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattan ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.151). Tenevāha – ‘‘ sādhukaṃ savanamanasikārāyattā hi sāsanasampattī ’’ ti . PubbeV1.40 sabbaparisāsādhāraṇattepi bhagavato dhammadesanāya ‘‘ jeṭṭhaseṭṭhā ’’ tiādinā bhikkhūnaṃ eva āmantane kāraṇaṃ dassetvā idāni bhikkhūM1.45 āmantetvāva dhammadesanāya payojanaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ kimatthaṃ pana bhagavā ’’ ti codanaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti . Tattha aññaṃ cintentāti aññavihitā . Vikkhittacittāti asamāhitacittā . Dhammaṃ paccavekkhantāti hiyyo tato paraṃ divasesu vā sutadhammaṃ pati pati manasā avekkhantā . Bhikkhū āmantetvā dhamme desiyamāne ādito paṭṭhāya desanaṃ sallakkhetuṃ sakkontīti imamatthaṃ byatirekamukhena dassetuṃ ‘‘ te anāmantetvā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Bhikkhavoti cettha sandhivasena i-kāralopo daṭṭhabbo . Bhikkhavo itīti ayaṃ iti -saddo hetuparisamāpanādiatthapadatthavipariyāyapakārāvadhāraṇanidassanādianekatthappabhedo . Tathā hesa ‘‘ ruppatīti kho , bhikkhave , tasmā rūpanti vuccatī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .3.79) hetvatthe dissati . ‘‘ Tasmātiha me , bhikkhave , dhammadāyādā bhavatha , mā āmisadāyādā . Atthi me tumhesu anukampā . Kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ , no āmisadāyādā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.19) parisamāpane . ‘‘ Iti vā iti evarūpā naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.13) ādiatthe . ‘‘ Māgaṇḍiyoti tassa brāhmaṇassa saṅkhā samaññā paññatti vohāro nāmaṃ nāmakammaṃ nāmadheyyaṃ nirutti byañjanamabhilāpo ’’ tiādīsu ( mahāni .73,75) padatthavipariyāye . ‘‘ Iti kho , bhikkhave , sappaṭibhayo bālo , appaṭibhayo paṇḍito , saupaddavo bālo , anupaddavo paṇḍito , saupasaggo bālo , anupasaggo paṇḍito ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .3.124) pakāre . ‘‘ Atthi idappaccayā jarāmaraṇanti puṭṭhena satā ,‘ ānanda , atthī ’ tissa vacanīyaṃ . ‘ Kiṃ paccayā jarāmaraṇan ’ ti iti ce vadeyya . Jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ iccassa vacanīyan ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.96) avadhāraṇe . ‘‘ Atthīti kho , kaccāna , ayameko anto , natthīti kho , kaccāna , ayaṃ dutiyo anto ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .2.15; saṃ . ni .3.90) nidassane . Idhāpi nidassane eva daṭṭhabbo . Bhikkhavoti hi āmantanākāro . Tamesa iti-saddo nidasseti ‘‘ bhikkhavoti āmantesī ’’ ti . Iminā nayena ‘‘ bhaddante ’’ tiādīsupi yathārahaṃ iti-saddassa attho veditabbo . Pubbe ‘‘ bhagavā āmantesī ’’ ti vuttattā ‘‘ bhagavato paccassosun ’’ tiM1.46 idha ‘‘ bhagavato ’’ ti sāmivacanaṃ āmantanameva sambandhiantaraṃ apekkhatīti iminā adhippāyena ‘‘ bhagavato āmantanaṃ paṭiassosun ’’ ti vuttaṃ . ‘‘ Bhagavato ’’ ti pana idaṃ paṭissavasambandhena sampadānavacanaṃ yathā ‘‘ devadattāya paṭissuṇotī ’’ ti . Yaṃ nidānaṃ bhāsitanti sambandho . Imassa suttassa sukhāvagāhaṇatthan ti kamalakuvalayujjalavimalasādurasasalilāya pokkharaṇiyāV1.41 sukhāvataraṇatthaṃ nimmalasilātalaracanāvilāsasobhitaratanasopānaṃ vippakiṇṇamuttātalasadisavālukācuṇṇapaṇḍarabhūmibhāgaṃ titthaṃ viya suvibhattabhittivicitravedikāparikkhittassa nakkhattapathaṃ phusitukāmatāya viya paṭivijambhitasamussayassa pāsādavarassa sukhārohanatthaṃ dantamayasaṇhamuduphalakañcanalatāvinaddhamaṇigaṇappabhāsamudayujjalasobhaṃ sopānaṃ viya suvaṇṇavalayanūpurādisaṅghaṭṭanasaddasammissitassa kathitahasitamadhurassaragehajanavijambhitavicaritassa uḷāraissariyavibhavasobhitassa mahāgharassa sukhappavesanatthaṃ suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttāpavāḷādijutivissaravijjotitasuppatiṭṭhitavisāladvārabāhaṃ mahādvāraṃ viya ca atthabyañjanasampannassa buddhānaṃ desanāñāṇagambhīrabhāvasaṃsūcakassa imassa suttassa sukhāvagāhatthaṃ . Etthāha – ‘‘ kimatthaṃ pana dhammavinayasaṅgahe kayiramāne nidānavacanaṃ , nanu bhagavatā bhāsitavacanasseva saṅgaho kātabbo ’’ ti ? Vuccate , desanāya ṭhitiasammosasaddheyyabhāvasampādanatthaṃ . Kāladesadesakanimittaparisāpadesehi upanibandhitvā ṭhapitā hi desanā ciraṭṭhitikā hoti asammosadhammā saddheyyā ca . Desakālakattuhetunimittehi upanibaddho viya vohāravinicchayo . Teneva ca āyasmatā mahākassapena ‘‘ cittapariyādānasuttaṃ , āvuso ānanda , kattha bhāsitan ’’ tiādinā desādipucchāsu katāsu tāsaṃ vissajjanaṃ karontena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ tiādinā imassa suttassa nidānaṃ bhāsitaṃ . Apica satthusampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ . Tathāgatassa hi bhagavato pubbacaraṇānumānāgamatakkābhāvato sammāsambuddhabhāvasiddhi . Na hi sammāsambussa pubbacaraṇādīhi attho atthi sabbattha appaṭihatañāṇacāratāya ekappamāṇattā ca ñeyyadhammesu . Tathā ācariyamuṭṭhidhammamacchariyasāsanasāvakānānurāgābhāvato khīṇāsavabhāvasiddhi . Na hi sabbaso khīṇāsavassa te sambhavantīti suvisuddhassa parānuggahappavatti . EvaṃM1.47 desakasaṃkilesabhūtānaṃ diṭṭhisīlasampadādūsakānaṃ avijjātaṇhānaṃ accantābhāvasaṃsūcakehi ñāṇappahānasampadābhibyañjanakehi ca sambuddhavisuddhabhāvehi purimavesārajjadvayasiddhi , tato ca antarāyikaniyyānikadhammesu sammohābhāvasiddhito pacchimavesārajjadvayasiddhīti bhagavato catuvesārajjasamannāgamo attahitaparahitappaṭipatti ca nidānavacanena pakāsitā hoti . Tattha tattha sampattaparisāya ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ ṭhānuppattikappaṭibhānena dhammadesanādīpanato , idha pana rūpagarukānaṃ puggalānaṃ ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ ṭhānuppattikappaṭibhānena dhammadesanādīpanatoti yojetabbaṃ . Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ satthusampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanan ’’ ti . Tathā sāsanasampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ . Ñāṇakaruṇāpariggahitasabbakiriyassa hi bhagavatoV1.42 natthi niratthakā paṭipatti , attahitatthā vā . Tasmā paresaṃ eva atthāya pavattasabbakiriyassa sammāsambuddhassa sakalampi kāyavacīmanokammaṃ yathāpavattaṃ vuccamānaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ sattānaṃ anusāsanaṭṭhena sāsanaṃ , na kapparacanā . Tayidaṃ satthucaritaṃ kāladesadesakaparisāpadesehi saddhiṃ tattha tattha nidānavacanehi yathārahaṃ pakāsīyati . ‘‘ Idha pana rūpagarukānaṃ puggalānan ’’ tiādi sabbaṃ purimasadisameva . Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ sāsanasampattippakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanan ’’ ti . Apica satthuno pamāṇabhāvappakāsanena vacanena sāsanassa pamāṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ , tañca desakappamāṇabhāvadassanaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayānusārena ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti ca iminā padena vibhāvitanti veditabbaṃ . Bhagavāti hi tathāgatassa rāgadosamohādisabbakilesamaladuccaritadosappahānadīpanena vacanena anaññasādhāraṇasuparisuddhañāṇakaruṇādiguṇavisesayogaparidīpanena tato eva sabbasattuttamabhāvadīpanena ayamattho sabbathā pakāsito hotīti . Idamettha nidānavacanappayojanassa mukhamattanidassanaṃ . Nikkhittassāti desitassa . Desanā hi desetabbassa sīlādiatthassa veneyyasantānesu nikkhipanato ‘‘ nikkhepo ’’ ti vuccati . Suttanikkhepaṃ vicāretvāva vuccamānā pākaṭā hotīti sāmaññato bhagavato desanāya samuṭṭhānassa vibhāgaṃ dassetvā ‘‘ etthāyaṃ desanā evaṃsamuṭṭhānā ’’ ti desanāya samuṭṭhāne dassite suttassa sammadeva nidānaparijānanena vaṇṇanāya suviññeyyattā vuttaṃ . Tattha yathāM1.48 anekasataanekasahassabhedānipi suttantāni saṃkilesabhāgiyādipaṭṭhānanayavasena soḷasavidhataṃ nātivattanti , evaṃ attajjhāsayādisuttanikkhepavasena catubbidhabhāvanti āha – ‘‘ cattāro hi suttanikkhepā ’’ ti . Ettha ca yathā attajjhāsayassa aṭṭhuppattiyā ca parajjhāsayapucchāhi saddhiṃ saṃsaggabhedo sambhavati ‘‘ attajjhāsayo ca parajjhāsayo ca , attajjhāsayo ca pucchāvasiko ca , aṭṭhuppattiko ca parajjhāsayo ca , aṭṭhuppattiko ca pucchāvasiko cā ’’ ti ajjhāsayapucchānusandhisabbhāvato , evaṃ yadipi aṭṭhuppattiyā attajjhāsayenapi saṃsaggabhedo sambhavati , attajjhāsayādīhi pana purato ṭhitehi aṭṭhuppattiyā saṃsaggo natthīti na idha niravaseso vitthāranayo sambhavatīti ‘‘ cattāro suttanikkhepā ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Tadantogadhattā vā sesanikkhepānaṃ mūlanikkhepavasena cattārova dassitā . Yathādassanañhettha ayaṃ saṃsaggabhedo gahetabboti . Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho – nikkhipīyatīti nikkhepo , suttaṃ eva nikkhepo suttanikkhepo . Atha vā nikkhipanaṃ nikkhepo , suttassa nikkhepo suttanikkhepo , suttadesanāti attho . Attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo , so assa atthi kāraṇabhūtoti attajjhāsayo . Attano ajjhāsayo etassātiV1.43 vā attajjhāsayo . Parajjhāsayepi eseva nayo . Pucchāya vaso pucchāvaso , so etassa atthīti pucchāvasiko . Suttadesanāvatthubhūtassa atthassa uppatti atthuppatti , atthuppattiyeva aṭṭhuppatti ttha-kārassa ṭṭha-kāraṃ katvā . Sā etassa atthīti aṭṭhuppattiko . Atha vā nikkhipīyati suttaṃ etenāti suttanikkhepo , attajjhāsayādi eva . Etasmiṃ atthavikappe attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo . Paresaṃ ajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo . Pucchīyatīti pucchā , pucchitabbo attho . Pucchāvasena pavattaṃ dhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ vacanaṃ pucchāvasikaṃ , tadeva nikkhepasaddāpekkhāya pulliṅgavasena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ pucchāvasiko ’’ ti . Tathā aṭṭhuppatti eva aṭṭhuppattikoti evamettha attho veditabbo . Apicettha paresaṃ indriyaparipākādikāraṇanirapekkhattā attajjhāsayassa visuṃ suttanikkhepabhāvo yutto kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayeneva dhammatantiṭṭhapanatthaṃ pavattitadesanattā . Parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ pana paresaṃ ajjhāsayapucchānaṃ desanāpavattihetubhūtānaṃ uppattiyaṃ pavattitānaṃM1.49 kathamaṭṭhuppattiyā anavarodho , pucchāvasikaaṭṭhuppattikānaṃ vā parajjhāsayānurodhena pavattitānaṃ kathaṃ parajjhāsaye anavarodhoti ? Na codetabbametaṃ . Paresañhi abhinīhāraparipucchādivinimuttasseva suttadesanākāraṇuppādassa aṭṭhuppattibhāvena gahitattā parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ visuṃ gahaṇaṃ . Tathā hi brahmajāladhammadāyādasuttādīnaṃ vaṇṇāvaṇṇaāmisuppādādidesanānimittaṃ ‘‘ aṭṭhuppattī ’’ ti vuccati . Paresaṃ pucchaṃ vinā ajjhāsayaṃ eva nimittaṃ katvā desito parajjhāsayo , pucchāvasena desito pucchāvasikoti pākaṭoyamatthoti . Attano ajjhāsayeneva kathesīti dhammatantiṭṭhapanatthaṃ kathesi . Vimuttiparipācanīyā dhammā saddhindriyādayo . Ajjhāsayan ti adhimuttiṃ . Khantin ti diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiṃ . Manan ti paññatticittaṃ . Abhinīhāran ti paṇidhānaṃ . Bujjhanabhāvan ti bujjhanasabhāvaṃ , paṭivijjhanākāraṃ vā . Rūpagarukānan ti pañcasu ārammaṇesu rūpārammaṇagarukā rūpagarukā . Cittena rūpaninnā rūpapoṇā rūpapabbhārā rūpadassanappasutā rūpena ākaḍḍhitahadayā , tesaṃ rūpagarukānaṃ . Paṭisedhatthoti paṭikkhepattho . Kassa pana paṭikkhepatthoti ? Kiriyāpadhānañhi vākyaṃ , tasmā ‘‘ na samanupassāmī ’’ ti samanupassanākiriyāpaṭisedhattho . Tenāha – ‘‘ imassa pana padassā ’’ tiādi . Yo paro na hoti , so attāti lokasamaññāmattasiddhaṃ sattasantānaṃ sandhāya – ‘‘ ahan ’’ ti satthā vadati , na bāhirakaparikappitaṃ ahaṃkāravisayaṃ ahaṃkārassa bodhimūleyeva samucchinnattā . Lokasamaññānatikkamantā eva hi buddhānaṃ lokiye visaye desanāpavatti . Bhikkhaveti ālapane kāraṇaṃ heṭṭhā vuttameva . Aññanti apekkhāsiddhattā aññatthassaV1.44 ‘‘ idāni vattabbaitthirūpato aññan ’’ ti āha . Ekampi rūpan ti ekaṃ vaṇṇāyatanaṃ . Samaṃ visamaṃ sammā yāthāvato anu anu passatīti samanupassanā , ñāṇaṃ . Saṃkilissanavasena anu anu passatīti samanupassanā , diṭṭhi . No niccatoti ettha iti -saddo ādiattho , evamādikoti attho . Tena ‘‘ dukkhato samanupassatī ’’ ti evamādīni saṅgaṇhāti . Olokentopīti devamanussavimānakapparukkhamaṇikanakādigatāni rūpāni anavasesaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇena olokentopi . Sāmaññavacanopi yaṃ-saddo ‘‘ ekarūpampī ’’ ti rūpassaM1.50 adhigatattā rūpavisayo icchitoti ‘‘ yaṃ rūpan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Tathā purisasaddo pariyādiyitabbacittapuggalavisayoti rūpagarukassāti visesitaṃ . Gahaṇaṃ ‘‘ khepanan ’’ ti ca adhippetaṃ , pariyādānañca uppattinivāraṇanti āha – ‘‘ catubhūmakakusalacittan ’’ ti . Tañhi rūpaṃ tādisassa parittakusalassapi uppattiṃ nivāreti , kimaṅgaṃ pana mahaggatānuttaracittassāti lokuttarakusalacittassapi uppattiyā nivāraṇaṃ hotuṃ samatthaṃ , lokiyakusaluppattiyā nivārakatte vattabbameva natthīti ‘‘ catubhūmakakusalacittaṃ pariyādiyitvā ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Na hi kāmaguṇassādappasutassa purisassa dānādivasena savipphārikā kusaluppatti sambhavati . Gaṇhitvā khepetvāti attānaṃ assādetvā pavattamānassa akusalacittassa paccayo hontaṃ pavattinivāraṇena muṭṭhigataṃ viya gahetvā anuppādanirodhena khepetvā viya tiṭṭhati . Tāva mahati lokasannivāse tassa pariyādiyaṭṭhānaṃ avicchedato labbhatīti āha – ‘‘ tiṭṭhatī ’’ ti yathā ‘‘ pabbatā tiṭṭhanti , najjo sandantī ’’ ti . Tenāha – ‘‘ idha ubhayampi vaṭṭatī ’’ tiādi . Yathayidan ti sandhivasena ākārassa rassattaṃ yakārāgamo cāti āha – ‘‘ yathā idan ’’ ti . Itthiyā rūpan ti itthisarīragataṃ tappaṭibaddhañca rūpāyatanaṃ . Paramatthassa niruḷho , paṭhamaṃ sādhāraṇato saddasatthalakkhaṇāni vibhāvetabbāni , pacchā asādhāraṇatoti tāni pāḷivasena vibhāvetuṃ – ‘‘ ruppatīti kho … pe … veditabban ’’ ti āha . Tattha ruppatīti sītādivirodhipaccayehi vikāraṃ āpādīyati , āpajjatīti vā attho . Vikāruppatti ca virodhipaccayasannipāte visadisuppatti vibhūtatarā , kuto panāyaṃ visesoti ce ? ‘‘ Sītenā ’’ tiādivacanato . Evañca katvā vedanādīsu anavasesarūpasamaññā sāmaññalakkhaṇanti sabbarūpadhammasādhāraṇaṃ rūppanaṃ . Idāni atthuddhāranayena rūpasaddaṃ saṃvaṇṇento ‘‘ ayaṃ panā ’’ tiādimāha . Rūpakkhandhe vattatīti ‘‘ oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā ’’ tiādivacanato ( ma . ni .1.361;2.113;3.86,89; vibha .2). Rūpūpapattiyāti ettha rūpabhavo rūpaṃ uttarapadalopena . Rūpabhavūpapattiyāti ayañhettha attho . Kasiṇanimitteti pathavīkasiṇādisaññite paṭibhāganimitte . Rūppati attano phalassa sabhāvaṃ karotīti rūpaṃ , sabhāvahetūtiV1.45M1.51 āha – ‘‘ sarūpā … pe … ettha paccaye ’’ ti . Karacaraṇādiavayavasaṅghātabhāvena rūpīyati nirūpīyatīti rūpaṃ , rūpakāyoti āha – ‘‘ ākāso … pe … ettha sarīre ’’ ti . Rūpayati vaṇṇavikāraṃ āpajjamānaṃ hadayaṅgatabhāvaṃ pakāsetīti rūpaṃ , vaṇṇāyatanaṃ . Ārohapariṇāhādibhedarūpagataṃ saṇṭhānasampattiṃ nissāya pasādaṃ āpajjamāno rūpappamāṇoti vuttoti āha – ‘‘ ettha saṇṭhāne ’’ ti . Piyarūpan tiādīsu sabhāvattho rūpasaddo . Ādisaddena rūpajjhānādīnaṃ saṅgaho . ‘‘ Rūpī rūpāni passatī ’’ ti ettha ajjhattaṃ kesādīsu parikammasaññāvasena paṭiladdharūpajjhānaṃ rūpaṃ , taṃ assa atthīti rūpīti vutto . Itthiyā catusamuṭṭhāne vaṇṇeti itthisarīrapariyāpannameva rūpaṃ gahitaṃ , tappaṭibaddhavatthālaṅkārādirūpampi pana purisacittassa pariyādāyakaṃ hotīti dassetuṃ – ‘‘ apicā ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ . Gandhavaṇṇaggahaṇena vilepanaṃ vuttaṃ . Kāmaṃ ‘‘ asukāya itthiyā pasādhanan ’’ ti sallakkhitassa akāyappaṭibaddhassapi vaṇṇo paṭibaddhacittassa purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyya , taṃ pana na ekantikanti ekantikaṃ dassento ‘‘ kāyappaṭibaddho ’’ tiāha . Upakappatīti cittassa pariyādānāya upakappati . Purimassevāti pubbe vuttaatthasseva daḷhīkaraṇatthaṃ vuttaṃ yathā ‘‘ dvikkhattuṃ bandhaṃ subandhan ’’ ti . Nigamanavasena vā etaṃ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Opammavasena vuttan ti ‘‘ yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī ’’ ti sakalamevidaṃ purimavacanaṃ upamāvasena vuttaṃ , tattha pana upamābhūtaṃ atthaṃ dassetuṃ – ‘‘ yathayidaṃ … pe … itthirūpan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Pariyādāne ānubhāvo sambhavo pariyādānānubhāvo , tassa dassanavasena vuttaṃ . Idaṃ pana ‘‘ itthirūpan ’’ tiādivacanaṃ pariyādānānubhāve sādhetabbe dīpetabbe vatthu kāraṇaṃ . Nāgo nāma so rājā , dīghadāṭhikattā pana ‘‘ mahādāṭhikanāgarājā ’’ ti vutto . Asaṃvaraniyāmenāti cakkhudvārikena asaṃvaranīhārena . Nimittaṃ gahetvāti rāguppattihetubhūtaṃ rūpaṃ subhanimittaṃ gahetvā . Visikādassanaṃ gantvāti sivathikadassanaṃ gantvā . Tattha hi ādīnavānupassanā ijjhati . Vatthulobhena kuto tādisāya maraṇanti asaddahanto ‘‘ mukhaṃ tumhākaṃ dhūmavaṇṇan ’’ ti te daharasāmaṇere uppaṇḍento vadati . Ratanattaye suppasannattā kākavaṇṇatissādīhi visesanatthañca so tissamahārājā saddhāsaddena visesetvā vuccati . Daharassa cittaṃ pariyādāyaM1.52 tiṭṭhatīti adhikāravasena vuttaṃ . Niṭṭhituddesakiccoti gāme asappāyarūpadassanaṃ imassa anatthāya siyāti ācariyena nivāritagāmappaveso pacchā niṭṭhituddesakicco hutvā ṭhito . Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ atthakāmānaṃ vacanaṃ aggahetvā ’’ tiV1.46 . Nivatthavatthaṃ sañjānitvāti attanā diṭṭhadivase nivatthavatthaṃ tassā matadivase sivathikadassanatthaṃ gatena laddhaṃ sañjānitvā . Evampīti evaṃ maraṇasampāpanavasenapi . Ayaṃ tāvettha aṭṭhakathāya anuttānatthadīpanā . Nettinayavaṇṇanā Idāni pakaraṇanayena pāḷiyā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāma . Sā pana atthasaṃvaṇṇanā yasmā desanāya samuṭṭhānappayojanabhājanesu piṇḍatthesu ca niddhāritesu sukarā hoti suviññeyyā ca , tasmā suttadesanāya samuṭṭhānādīni paṭhamaṃ niddhārayissāma . Tattha samuṭṭhānaṃ nāma desanānidānaṃ , taṃ sādhāraṇamasādhāraṇanti duvidhaṃ . Tattha sādhāraṇampi ajjhattikabāhirabhedato duvidhaṃ . Tattha sādhāraṇaṃ ajjhattikasamuṭṭhānaṃ nāma lokanāthassa mahākaruṇā . Tāya hi samussāhitassa bhagavato veneyyānaṃ dhammadesanāya cittaṃ udapādi , yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘ sattesu ca kāruññataṃ paṭicca buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokesī ’’ tiādi ( ma . ni .1.283; mahāva .9; saṃ . ni .1.173). Ettha ca hetāvatthāyapi mahākaruṇāya saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo yāvadeva saṃsāramahoghato saddhammadesanāhatthadānehi sattasantāraṇatthaṃ taduppattito . Yathā ca mahākaruṇā , evaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ dasabalañāṇādayo ca desanāya abbhantarasamuṭṭhānabhāvena vattabbā . Sabbañhi ñeyyadhammaṃ tesaṃ desetabbākāraṃ sattānañca āsayānusayādiṃ yāthāvato jānanto bhagavā ṭhānāṭṭhānādīsu kosallena veneyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ vicittanayadesanaṃ pavattesīti . Bāhiraṃ pana sādhāraṇaṃ samuṭṭhānaṃ dasasahassamahābrahmaparivārassa sahampatibrahmuno ajjhesanaṃ . Tadajjhesanuttarakālañhi dhammagambhīratāpaccavekkhaṇājanitaṃ appossukkataṃ paṭippassambhetvā dhammassāmī dhammadesanāya ussāhajāto ahosi . Asādhāraṇampi abbhantarabāhirabhedato duvidhameva . Tattha abbhantaraṃ yāya mahākaruṇāya yena ca desanāñāṇenaM1.53 idaṃ suttaṃ pavattitaṃ , tadubhayaṃ veditabbaṃ . Bāhiraṃ pana rūpagarukānaṃ puggalānaṃ ajjhāsayo . Svāyamattho aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vutto eva . Payojanampi sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇato duvidhaṃ . Tattha sādhāraṇaṃ yāva anupādāparinibbānaṃ vimuttirasattā bhagavato desanāya . Tenevāha – ‘‘ etadatthā kathā , etadatthā mantanā ’’ tiādi . Asādhāraṇaṃ pana tesaṃ rūpagarukānaṃ puggalānaṃ rūpe chandarāgassa jahāpanaṃ , ubhayampetaṃ bāhirameva . Sace pana veneyyasantānagatampi desanābalasiddhisaṅkhātaṃ payojanaṃ adhippāyasamijjhanabhāvato yathādhippetatthasiddhiyā mahākāruṇikassa bhagavatopi payojanamevāti gaṇheyya , iminā pariyāyenassa abbhantaratāpi siyā . ApicaV1.47 tesaṃ rūpagarukānaṃ puggalānaṃ rūpasmiṃ vijjamānassa ādīnavassa yāthāvato anavabodho imissā desanāya samuṭṭhānaṃ , tadavabodho payojanaṃ . So hi imāya desanāya bhagavantaṃ payojeti tannipphādanaparāyaṃ desanāti katvā . Yañhi desanāya sādhetabbaṃ phalaṃ , taṃ ākaṅkhitabbattā desakaṃ desanāya payojetīti payojananti vuccati . Tathā tesaṃ puggalānaṃ tadaññesañca veneyyānaṃ rūpamukhena pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu ādīnavadassanañcettha payojanaṃ . Tathā saṃsāracakkanivattisaddhammacakkappavattisassatādimicchāvādanirākaraṇaṃ sammāvādapurekkhāro akusalamūlasamūhananaṃ kusalamūlasamāropanaṃ apāyadvārapidahanaṃ saggamaggadvāravivaraṇaṃ pariyuṭṭhānavūpasamanaṃ anusayasamugghātanaṃ ‘‘ mutto mocessāmī ’’ ti purimapaṭiññāvisaṃvādanaṃ tappaṭipakkhamāramanorathavisaṃvādanaṃ titthiyadhammanimmathanaṃ buddhadhammapatiṭṭhāpananti evamādīnipi payojanāni idha veditabbāni . Yathā te puggalā rūpagarukā , evaṃ tadaññe ca sakkāyagarukā sakkāyasmiṃ allīnā saṅkhatadhammānaṃ sammāsambuddhassa ca paṭipattiṃ ajānantā asaddhammassavanasādhāraṇaparicariyamanasikāraparā saddhammassavanadhāraṇaparicayappaṭivedhavimukhā ca bhavavippamokkhesino veneyyā imissā desanāya bhājanaṃ . PiṇḍattāM1.54 cettha rūpaggahaṇena rūpadhāturūpāyatanarūpakkhandhapariggaṇhanaṃ rūpamukhena catudhammānaṃ vaṭṭattayavicchedanūpāyo āsavoghādivivecanaṃ abhinandananivāraṇasaṅgatikkamo vivādamūlapariccāgo sikkhattayānuyogo pahānattayadīpanā samathavipassanānuṭṭhānaṃ bhāvanāsacchikiriyāsiddhīti evamādayo veditabbā . Ito paraṃ pana soḷasa hārā dassetabbā . Tattha ‘‘ rūpan ’’ ti sahajātā tassa nissayabhūtā tappaṭibaddhā ca sabbe rūpārūpadhammā taṇhāvajjā dukkhasaccaṃ . Taṃsamuṭṭhāpikā tadārammaṇā ca taṇhā samudayasaccaṃ . Tadubhayesaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ . Nirodhappajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccaṃ . Tattha samudayena assādo , dukkhena ādīnavo , magganirodhehi nissaraṇaṃ , rūpārammaṇassa akusalacittassa kusalacittassa ca pariyādānaṃ phalaṃ . Yañhi desanāya sādhetabbaṃ payojanaṃ , taṃ phalanti vuttovāyamattho . Tadatthaṃ hidaṃ suttaṃ bhagavatā desitanti . Yathā taṃ kusalacittaṃ na pariyādiyati , evaṃ paṭisaṅkhānabhāvanābalapariggahitā indriyesu guttadvāratā upāyo . Purisassa kusalacittapariyādānenassa rūpassa aññarūpāsādhāraṇatādassanāpadesena atthakāmehiV1.48 tato cittaṃ sādhukaṃ rakkhitabbaṃ . Ayamettha bhagavato āṇattīti ayaṃ desanāhāro . Assādādisandassanavibhāvanalakkhaṇo hi desanāhāro . Vuttañhetaṃ nettippakaraṇe – ‘‘ Assādādīnavatā , nissaraṇampi ca phalaṃ upāyo ca ; Āṇattī ca bhagavato , yogīnaṃ desanāhāro ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Desīyati saṃvaṇṇīyati etāya suttatthoti desanā , desanāya sahacaraṇato vā desanā . Nanu ca aññepi hārā desanāsaṅkhātassa suttassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanāto desanāya sahacārino vāti ? Saccametaṃ , ayaṃ pana hāro yebhuyyena yathārutavaseneva viññāyamāno desanāya saha caratīti vattabbataṃ arahati , na tathāpare . Na hi assādādīnavanissaraṇādisandassanarahitā suttadesanā atthi . Kiṃ pana tesaṃ assādādīnaṃ anavasesānaṃ vacanaṃ desanāhāro , udāhuM1.55 ekaccānanti ? Niravasesānaṃyeva . Yasmiñhi sutte assādādīnavanissaraṇāni sarūpato āgatāni , tattha vattabbameva natthi . Yattha pana ekadesena āgatāni , na ca sarūpena , tattha anāgataṃ atthavasena niddhāretvā hāro yojetabbo . Sayaṃ samantacakkhubhāvato taṃdassanena sabhāvato ca ‘‘ ahan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Bhikkhanasīlatādiguṇayogato abhimukhīkaraṇatthañca ,‘‘ bhikkhave ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Attābhāvato aparatādassanatthañca ‘‘ aññan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Ekassa anupalabbhadassanatthaṃ anekabhāvappaṭisedhanatthañca ‘‘ ekarūpampī ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Tādisassa rūpassa abhāvato adassanato ca ‘‘ na samanupassāmī ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Tassa paccāmasanato aniyamato ca ‘‘ yan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Idāni vuccamānākāraparāmasanato tadaññākāranisedhanato ca ‘‘ evan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Visabhāgindriyavatthuto sabhāgavatthusmiṃ tadabhāvato ca ‘‘ purisassā ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Nimittaggāhassa vatthubhāvato tathā parikappitattā ca ‘‘ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Evanti vuttākāraparāmasanatthañceva nidassanatthañca ‘‘ yathā ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Attano paccakkhabhāvato bhikkhūnaṃ paccakkhakaraṇatthañca ‘‘ idan ’’ ti vuttaṃ . Itthisantānapariyāpannato tappaṭibaddhabhāvato ca ‘‘ itthirūpan ’’ ti vuttanti evaṃ anupadavicayato vicayo hāro . Vicīyanti etena , ettha vā padapañhādayoti vicayo , viciti eva vā tesanti vicayo . Padapucchāvissajjanapubbāparānuggahanaṃ assādādīnañca visesaniddhāraṇavasena pavicayalakkhaṇo hi vicayo hāro . Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘ YaṃV1.49 pucchitañca vissajjitañca , suttassa yā ca anugīti ; Suttassa yo pavicayo , hāro vicayoti niddiṭṭho ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Anādimati saṃsāre itthipurisānaṃ aññamaññarūpābhirāmatāya ‘‘ itthirūpaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī ’’ ti yujjatīti ayaṃ yuttihāro . Byañjanatthānaṃ yuttāyuttavibhāgavibhāvanalakkhaṇo hi yuttihāro . Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘ Sabbesaṃ hārānaṃ , yā bhūmī yo ca gocaro tesaṃ ; Yuttāyuttiparikkhā , hāro yuttīti niddiṭṭho ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); YuttītiM1.56 ca upapatti sādhanayutti , idha pana yuttivicāraṇā yutti uttarapadalopena ‘‘ rūpabhavo rūpan ’’ ti yathā . Yuttisahacaraṇato vā yutti . Itthirūpaṃ ayoniso olokiyamānaṃ indriyesu aguttadvāratāya padaṭṭhānaṃ , sā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ abhāvanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ , sā sabbassapi saṃkilesapakkhassa parivuddhiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ . Byatirekato pana itthirūpaṃ yoniso olokiyamānaṃ satipaṭṭhānabhāvanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ , sā bojjhaṅgānaṃ bhāvanāpāripūriyā padaṭṭhānaṃ , sā vijjāvimuttīnaṃ pāripūriyā padaṭṭhānaṃ , kusalassa cittassa pariyādānaṃ sammohābhinivesassa padaṭṭhānaṃ , so saṅkhārānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ , saṅkhārā viññāṇassāti sabbaṃ āvattati bhavacakkaṃ . Byatirekato pana kusalassa cittassa apariyādānaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya pāripūriyā padaṭṭhānanti ayaṃ tāva avisesato nayo . Visesato pana sīlassa apariyādānaṃ avippaṭisārassa padaṭṭhānaṃ , avippaṭisāro pāmojjassātiādinā yāva anupādāparinibbānaṃ netabbaṃ . Ayaṃ padaṭṭhāno hāro . Sutte āgatadhammānaṃ padaṭṭhānabhūte dhamme tesañca padaṭṭhānabhūteti sambhavato padaṭṭhānabhūtadhammaniddhāraṇalakkhaṇo hi padaṭṭhāno hāro . Vuttañcetaṃ – ‘‘ Dhammaṃ deseti jino , tassa ca dhammassa yaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ ; Iti yāva sabbadhammā , eso hāro padaṭṭhāno ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Padaṭṭhānan tiV1.50 āsannakāraṇaṃ . Idha pana padaṭṭhānavicāraṇā padaṭṭhānotiādi yuttihāre vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ . Ekarūpan ti ca rūpāyatanaggahaṇena channampi bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ gahaṇaṃ bāhirāyatanabhāvena ekalakkhaṇattā . Cittan ti manāyatanaggahaṇena channampi ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ gahaṇaṃ ajjhattikāyatanabhāvena ekalakkhaṇattā . Evaṃ khandhadhātādivasenapi ekalakkhaṇatā vattabbā . Ayaṃ lakkhaṇo hāro . Lakkhīyanti etena , ettha vā ekalakkhaṇadhammā avuttāpi ekaccavacanenāti lakkhaṇo . Sutte anāgatepi dhamme vuttappakāre āgate viya niddhāretvā yā saṃvaṇṇanā , so lakkhaṇo hāro . Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘ VuttamhiM1.57 ekadhamme , ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā keci ; Vuttā bhavanti sabbe , so hāro lakkhaṇo nāmā ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Nidāne imissā desanāya rūpagarukānaṃ puggalānaṃ rūpasmiṃ anādīnavadassitā vuttā ,‘‘ kathaṃ nu kho ime imaṃ desanaṃ sutvā rūpe ādīnavadassanamukhena sabbasmimpi khandhapañcake sabbaso chandarāgaṃ pahāya sakalavaṭṭadukkhato mucceyyuṃ , pare ca tattha patiṭṭhāpeyyun ’’ ti ayamettha bhagavato adhippāyo . Padanibbacanaṃ niruttaṃ , taṃ ‘‘ evan ’’ tiādinidānapadānaṃ ‘‘ nāhan ’’ tiādipāḷipadānañca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ tassā līnatthavaṇṇanāya ca vuttanayānusārena sukarattā na vitthārayimha . Padapadatthadesanādesanānikkhepasuttasandhivasena pañcavidhā sandhi . Tattha padassa padantarena sambandho padasandhi . Padatthassa padatthantarena sambandho padatthasandhi , yo ‘‘ kiriyākārakasambandho ’’ ti vuccati . Nānānusandhikassa suttassa taṃtaṃanusandhīhi sambandho , ekānusandhikassa ca pubbāparasambandho desanāsandhi , yā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘ pucchānusandhi , ajjhāsayānusandhi , yathānusandhī ’’ ti tidhā vibhattā . Ajjhāsayo cettha attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayoti dvidhā veditabbo . Desanānikkhepasandhi catunnaṃ suttanikkhepānaṃ vasena veditabbā . Suttasandhi idha paṭhamanikkhepavaseneva veditabbā . ‘‘ Kasmā panettha idameva cittapariyādānasuttaṃ paṭhamaṃ nikkhittan ’’ ti nāyamanuyogo katthaci na pavattati . Apica ime sattā anādimati saṃsāre paribbhamantā itthipurisā aññamaññesaṃ pañcakāmaguṇasaṅkhātarūpābhirāmā , tattha itthī purisassa rūpe sattā giddhā gadhitā laggā laggitā āsattā , sā cassā tattha āsatti dubbivecanīyāV1.51 . Tathā puriso itthiyā rūpe , tattha ca dassanasaṃsaggo garutaro itaresañca mūlabhūto . Teneva hi bhagavā ‘‘ kathaṃ nu kho mātugāme paṭipajjitabban ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.203) puṭṭho ‘‘ adassanamevā ’’ ti avoca . Tasmā bhagavā pañcasu kāmaguṇesu rūpe chandarāgahāpanatthaṃ idameva suttaṃ paṭhamaṃ desesi . Nibbānādhigamāya paṭipattiyā ādi resā paṭipattīti . Yaṃ pana ekissā desanāya desanantarena saṃsandanaṃ , ayampi desanāsandhi . Sā idha evaṃ veditabbā . ‘‘ Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave … pe … tiṭṭhatī ’’ ti ayaṃ desanā . ‘‘ Ye kho , bhikkhave , cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyāM1.58 , tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati , tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjanti aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.118) imāya desanāya saṃsandati . Tathā ‘‘ rūpe maññati , rūpesu maññati , rūpato maññati , rūpaṃ ‘ me ’ ti maññati . Rūpaṃ , bhikkhave , anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.112) evamādīhi desanāhi saṃsandatīti ayaṃ catubyūho hāro . Viyūhīyanti vibhāgena piṇḍīyanti etena , ettha vāti byūho , nibbacanādīnaṃ catunnaṃ byūhoti catubyūho , catunnaṃ vā byūho etthāti catubyūho . Nibbacanādhippāyādīnaṃ catunnaṃ vibhāgalakkhaṇo hi catubyūho hāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Neruttamadhippāyo , byañjanamatha desanānidānañca ; Pubbāparānusandhī , eso hāro catubyūho ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); ‘‘ Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave , aññaṃ … pe … itthirūpan ’’ ti etena ayonisomanasikāro dīpito . Yaṃ tattha cittaṃ pariyādiyati , tena yonisomanasikāro . Tattha ayonisomanasikaroto taṇhāvijjā parivaḍḍhanti , tāsu taṇhāgahaṇena nava taṇhāmūlakā dhammā āvaṭṭanti , avijjāgahaṇena avijjāmūlakaṃ sabbaṃ bhavacakkaṃ āvaṭṭati , yonisomanasikāraggahaṇena ca yonisomanasikāramūlakā dhammā āvaṭṭanti , catubbidhañca sampatticakkanti . Ayaṃ āvaṭṭo hāro . Āvaṭṭayanti etena , ettha vā sabhāgavisabhāgā ca dhammā , tesaṃ vā āvaṭṭananti āvaṭṭo . Desanāya gahitadhammānaṃ sabhāgāsabhāgadhammavasena āvaṭṭanalakkhaṇo hi āvaṭṭo hāro . Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘ Ekamhi padaṭṭhāne , pariyesati sesakaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ ; Āvaṭṭati paṭipakkhe , āvaṭṭo nāma so hāro ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); RūpaṃV1.52 catubbidhaṃ kammasamuṭṭhānaṃ , cittasamuṭṭhānaṃ , utusamuṭṭhānaṃ , āhārasamuṭṭhānaṃ , tathā iṭṭhaṃ iṭṭhamajjhattaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ aniṭṭhamajjhattanti . Idha pana iṭṭhaṃ adhippetaṃ . Cittaṃ kusalacittamettha veditabbaṃ . Taṃ kāmāvacaraṃ , rūpāvacaraṃ , arūpāvacaraṃ , lokuttaranti catubbidhaṃ . Vedanādisampayuttadhammabhedato anekavidhantiM1.59 ayaṃ vibhattihāro . Vibhajīyanti etena , ettha vā sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇānaṃ saṃkilesavodānadhammānaṃ bhūmiyoti vibhatti . Vibhajanaṃ vā etesaṃ bhūmiyoti vibhatti . Saṃkilesadhamme vodānadhamme ca sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇato padaṭṭhānato bhūmito vibhajanalakkhaṇo hi vibhattihāro . Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘ Dhammañca padaṭṭhānaṃ , bhūmiñca vibhajjate ayaṃ hāro ; Sādhāraṇe asādhāraṇe ca neyyo vibhattī ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Itthirūpaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati ayoniso manasikaroto , yoniso manasikaroto na pariyādiyati susaṃvutindriyattā sīlesu samāhitassāti ayaṃ parivatto hāro . Paṭipakkhavasena parivattīyanti iminā , ettha vā sutte vuttadhammā , parivattanaṃ vā tesanti parivatto . Niddiṭṭhānaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭipakkhato parivattanalakkhaṇo hi parivatto hāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Kusalākusale dhamme , niddiṭṭhe bhāvite pahīne ca ; Parivattati paṭipakkhe , hāro parivattano nāmā ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Bhikkhave , samaṇā pabbajitāti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Aññaṃ paraṃ kiñcīti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Rūpaṃ vaṇṇaṃ cakkhuviññeyyanti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Samanupassāmi olokessāmi jānāmīti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Evaṃ itthaṃ imaṃ pakāranti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Purisassa puggalassāti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Cittaṃ viññāṇaṃ manoti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Pariyādāya gahetvā khepetvāti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Tiṭṭhati dharati ṭhātīti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Yathā yena pakārena yenākārenāti pariyāyavacanaṃ . Itthī nārī mātugāmoti pariyāyavacananti ayaṃ vevacano hāro . Vividhaṃ vacanaṃ ekassevatthassa vācakametthāti vivacanaṃ , vivacanameva vevacanaṃ . Vividhaṃ vuccati etena atthoti vā vivacanaṃ , vivacanameva vevacanaṃ . Ekasmiṃ atthe anekapariyāyasaddappayojanalakkhaṇo hi vevacano hāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ VevacanāniV1.53 bahūni tu , sutte vuttāni ekadhammassa ; Yo jānāti suttavidū , vevacano nāma so hāro ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); RūpaṃM1.60 kāḷasāmādivasena anekadhā paññattaṃ . Puriso khattiyādivasena anekadhā paññatto . Cittaṃ parittamahaggatādivasena anekadhā paññattaṃ . ‘‘ Pariyādāyā ’’ ti ettha pariyādānaṃ pariyādāyakānaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ vasena vītikkamapariyuṭṭhānādinā ca anekadhā paññattaṃ . Ayaṃ paññattihāro . Pakārehi , pabhedato vā ñāpīyanti iminā , ettha vā atthāti paññatti . Ekekassa dhammassa anekāhi paññattīhi paññāpetabbākāravibhāvanalakkhaṇo hi paññattihāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Ekaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ , paññattīhi vividhāhi deseti ; So ākāro ñeyyo , paññattī nāma so hāro ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Virodhipaccayasamavāye visadisuppattiruppanavaṇṇavikārāpattiyā taṃsamaṅgino hadayaṅgatabhāvappakāsanaṃ rūpaṭṭhoti aniccatāmukhena otaraṇaṃ , aniccassa pana dukkhattā dukkhatāmukhena , dukkhassa ca anattakattā suññatāmukhena otaraṇaṃ . Cittaṃ manoviññāṇadhātu , tassā pariyādāyikā taṇhā tadekaṭṭhā ca pāpadhammā dhammadhātūti dhātumukhena otaraṇaṃ . Evaṃ khandhāyatanādimukhehipi otaraṇaṃ vattabbanti ayaṃ otaraṇo hāro . Otārīyanti anuppavesīyanti etena , ettha vā suttāgatā dhammā paṭiccasamuppādādīsūti otaraṇo . Paṭiccasamuppādādimukhena suttatthassa otaraṇalakkhaṇo hi otaraṇo hāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Yo ca paṭiccuppādo , indriyakhandhā ca dhātuāyatanā ; Etehi otarati yo , otaraṇo nāma so hāro ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave … pe … samanupassāmīti ārambho . Evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatīti padasuddhi , na pana ārambhasuddhi . Yathayidan tiādi padasuddhi ceva ārambhasuddhi cāti ayaṃ sodhano hāro . Sodhīyanti samādhīyanti etena , ettha vā sutte padapadatthapañhārambhāti sodhano . Sutte padapadatthapañhārambhānaṃ sodhanalakkhaṇo hi sodhano hāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ VissajjitamhiV1.54 pañhe , gāthāyaṃ pucchitāyamārabbha ; Suddhāsuddhaparikkhā , hāro so sodhano nāmā ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Aññan tiM1.61 sāmaññato adhiṭṭhānaṃ kassaci visesassa anāmaṭṭhattā . Ekarūpampīti taṃ avikappetvā visesavacanaṃ . Yathayidan ti sāmaññato adhiṭṭhānaṃ aniyamavacanabhāvato . Itthirūpan ti taṃ avikappetvā visesavacananti ayaṃ adhiṭṭhāno hāro . Adhiṭṭhīyanti anuppavattīyanti etena , ettha vā sāmaññavisesabhūtā dhammā vinā vikappenāti adhiṭṭhāno . Suttāgatānaṃ dhammānaṃ avikappanavaseneva sāmaññavisesaniddhāraṇalakkhaṇo hi adhiṭṭhāno hāro . Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘ Ekattatāya dhammā , yepi ca vemattatāya niddiṭṭhā ; Tena vikappayitabbā , eso hāro adhiṭṭhāno ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Rūpassa kammāvijjādayo kammacittādayo ca hetu . Samanupassanāya āvajjanādayo . Kusalassa cittassa yoniso manasikārādayo . Pariyādāyāti ettha pariyādānassa ayonisomanasikārādayoti ayaṃ parikkhāro hāro . Parikaroti abhisaṅkharoti phalanti parikkhāro , hetu paccayo ca . Parikkhāraṃ ācikkhatīti parikkhāro , hāro . Parikkhāravisayattā , parikkhārasahacaraṇato vā parikkhāro . Sutte āgatadhammānaṃ parikkhārasaṅkhātahetupaccaye niddhāretvā saṃvaṇṇanālakkhaṇo hi parikkhāro hāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Ye dhammā yaṃ dhammaṃ , janayantippaccayā paramparato ; Hetumavakaḍḍhayitvā , eso hāro parikkhāro ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatīti ettha pariyādāyikā visesato taṇhāvijjā veditabbā tāsaṃ vasena pariyādānasambhavato . Tāsu taṇhāya rūpamadhiṭṭhānaṃ , avijjāya arūpaṃ . Visesato taṇhāya samatho paṭipakkho , avijjāya vipassanā . Samathassa cetovimutti , phalavipassanāya paññāvimutti . Tathā hi tā rāgavirāgā avijjāvirāgāti visesetvā vuccantīti ayaṃ samāropano hāro . Samāropīyanti etena , ettha vā padaṭṭhānādimukhena dhammāti samāropano . Sutte āgatadhammānaṃ padaṭṭhānavevacanabhāvanāpahānasamāropanavicāraṇalakkhaṇo hi samāropano hāro . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ YeV1.55M1.62 dhammā yaṃ mūlā , ye cekatthā pakāsitā muninā ; Te samāropayitabbā , esa samāropano hāro ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Ettāvatā ca – ‘‘ Desanā vicayo yutti , padaṭṭhāno ca lakkhaṇo ; Catubyūho ca āvaṭṭo , vibhatti parivattano . Vevacano ca paññatti , otaraṇo ca sodhano ; Adhiṭṭhāno parikkhāro , samāropano soḷaso ’’ ti .( netti .1 uddesavāra )– Evaṃ vuttā soḷasa hārā dassitāti veditabbā . Harīyanti etehi , ettha vā suttageyyādivisayā aññāṇasaṃsayavipallāsāti hārā . Haranti vā sayaṃ tāni , haraṇamattameva vāti hārā phalūpacārena . Atha vā harīyanti voharīyanti dhammasaṃvaṇṇakadhammappaṭiggāhakehi dhammassa dānaggahaṇavasenāti hārā . Atha vā hārā viyāti hārā . Yathā hi anekaratanāvalisamūho hārasaṅkhāto attano avayavabhūtaratanasamphassehi samupajaniyamānahilādasukho hutvā tadupabhogijanasarīrasantāpaṃ nidāghapariḷāhūpajanitaṃ vūpasameti , evameva tepi nānāvidhaparamattharatanappabandhā saṃvaṇṇanāvisesā attano avayavabhūtaparamattharatanādhigamena samuppādiyamānanibbutisukhā dhammappaṭiggāhakajanahadayaparitāpaṃ kāmarāgādikilesahetukaṃ vūpasamentīti . Atha vā hārayanti aññāṇādinīhāraṃ apagamaṃ karonti ācikkhantīti vā hārā . Atha vā sotujanacittassa haraṇato ramaṇato ca hārā niruttinayena yathā ‘‘ bhavesu vantagamano bhagavā ’’ ti ( visuddhi .1.144; pārā . aṭṭha .1. verañjakaṇḍavaṇṇanā ). Ito paraṃ pana nandiyāvaṭṭādipañcavidhanayā veditabbā – tattha taṇhāvijjā samudayasaccaṃ , tāsaṃ adhiṭṭhānādibhūtā rūpadhammā dukkhasaccaṃ , tesaṃ appavatti nirodhasaccaṃ , nirodhappajānanā paṭipadā maggasaccaṃ . Taṇhāgahaṇena cettha māyāsāṭheyyamānātimānamadappamādapāpicchatāpāpamittatāahirikaanottappādivasena akusalapakkho netabbo . Avijjāgahaṇena viparītamanasikārakodhūpanāhamakkhapaḷāsaissāmacchariya- sārambhadovacassatābhavadiṭṭhivibhavadiṭṭhiādivasena akusalapakkho netabbo . VuttavipariyāyatoM1.63 kusalapakkho netabbo . Kathaṃ ? Amāyāasāṭheyyādivasena aviparītamanasikārādivasena ca . Tathā samathapakkhiyānaṃ saddhindriyādīnaṃV1.56 , vipassanāpakkhiyānaṃ aniccasaññādīnañca vasena vodānapakkho netabboti ayaṃ nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa bhūmi . Yo hi taṇhāavijjāhi saṃkilesapakkhassa suttatthassa samathavipassanāhi vodānapakkhassa ca catusaccayojanamukhena nayanalakkhaṇo saṃvaṇṇanāviseso , ayaṃ nandiyāvaṭṭanayo nāma . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Taṇhañca avijjampi ca , samathena vipassanāya yo neti ; Saccehi yojayitvā , ayaṃ nayo nandiyāvaṭṭo ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Nandiyāvaṭṭassa viya āvaṭṭo etassāti nandiyāvaṭṭo . Yathā hi nandiyāvaṭṭo anto ṭhitena padhānāvayavena bahiddhā āvaṭṭati , evamayampi nayoti attho . Atha vā nandiyā taṇhāya pamodassa vā āvaṭṭo etthāti nandiyāvaṭṭo . Heṭṭhā vuttanayena gahitesu taṇhāvijjātappakkhiyadhammesu taṇhā lobho , avijjā moho , avijjāya sampayutto lohite sati pubbo viya taṇhāya sati sijjhamāno āghāto doso iti tīhi akusalamūlehi gahitehi , tappaṭipakkhato kusalacittaggahaṇena ca tīṇi kusalamūlāni gahitāni eva honti . Idhāpi lobho sabbāni vā sāsavakusalamūlāni samudayasaccaṃ , tannibbattā tesaṃ adhiṭṭhānagocarabhūtā upādānakkhandhā dukkhasaccantiādinā saccayojanā veditabbā . Phalaṃ panettha vimokkhattayavasena niddhāretabbaṃ , tīhi akusalamūlehi tividhaduccaritasaṃkilesamalavisamaakusalasaññāvitakkādivasena akusalapakkho netabbo , tathā tīhi kusalamūlehi tividhasucaritasamakusalasaññāvitakkasaddhammasamādhivimokkhamukhādivasena vodānapakkho netabboti ayaṃ tipukkhalassa nayassa bhūmi . Yo hi akusalamūlehi saṃkilesapakkhassa kusalamūlehi vodānapakkhassa suttatthassa ca catusaccayojanāmukhena nayanalakkhaṇo saṃvaṇṇanāviseso , ayaṃ tipukkhalanayo nāma . Tīhi avayavehiM1.64 lobhādīhi saṃkilesapakkhe , alobhādīhi ca vodānapakkhe pukkhalo sobhanoti tipukkhalo . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Yo akusale samūlehi , Neti kusale ca kusalamūlehi ; Bhūtaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ , Tipukkhalaṃ taṃ nayaṃ āhū ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); VuttanayenaV1.57 gahitesu taṇhāvijjātappakkhiyadhammesu visesato taṇhādiṭṭhīnaṃ vasena asubhe ‘‘ subhan ’’ ti , dukkhe ‘‘ sukhan ’’ ti ca vipallāsā , avijjādiṭṭhīnaṃ vasena anicce ‘‘ niccan ’’ ti , anattani ‘‘ attā ’’ ti vipallāsā veditabbā . Tesaṃ paṭipakkhato kusalacittaggahaṇena siddhehi sativīriyasamādhipaññindriyehi cattāri satipaṭṭhānāni siddhāniyeva honti . Tattha catūhi indriyehi cattāro puggalā niddisitabbā . Kathaṃ ? Duvidho hi taṇhācarito mudindriyo tikkhindriyoti , tathā diṭṭhicarito . Tesu paṭhamo asubhe ‘‘ subhan ’’ ti vipariyesaggāhī satibalena yathābhūtaṃ kāyasabhāvaṃ sallakkhento bhāvanābalena taṃ vipallāsaṃ samugghātetvā sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamati . Dutiyo asukhe ‘‘ sukhan ’’ ti vipariyesaggāhī ‘‘ uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī ’’ tiādinā ( ma . ni .1.26; a . ni .4.14;6.58) vuttena vīriyasaṃvarabhūtena vīriyabalena paṭipakkhaṃ vinodento bhāvanābalena taṃ vipallāsaṃ vidhametvā sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamati . Tatiyo anicce ‘‘ niccan ’’ ti vipallāsaggāhī samathabalena samāhitacitto saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇikabhāvaṃ sallakkhento bhāvanābalena taṃ vipallāsaṃ samugghātetvā sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamati . Catuttho santatisamūhakiccārammaṇaghanavañcitatāya phassādidhammapuñjamatte anattani ‘‘ attā ’’ ti micchābhinivesī catukoṭikasuññatāmanasikārena taṃ micchābhinivesaṃ viddhaṃsento sāmaññaphalaṃ sacchikaroti . Subhasaññādīhi catūhipi vā vipallāsehi samudayasaccaṃ , tesamadhiṭṭhānārammaṇabhūtā pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhasaccantiādinā saccayojanā veditabbā . Phalaṃ panettha cattāri sāmaññaphalāni , catūhi cettha vipallāsehi caturāsavoghayogaganthaagatitaṇhupādānasallaviññāṇaṭṭhitiapariññādivasena akusalapakkho netabbo , tathā catūhi satipaṭṭhānehiM1.65 catubbidhajjhānavihārādhiṭṭhānasukhabhāgiyadhammaappamaññāsammappadhānaiddhipādādivasena vodānapakkho netabboti ayaṃ sīhavikkīḷitassa nayassa bhūmi . Yo hi subhasaññādīhi vipallāsehi sakalassa saṃkilesapakkhassa saddhindriyādīhi ca vodānapakkhassa catusaccayojanāvasena nayanalakkhaṇo saṃvaṇṇanāviseso , ayaṃ sīhavikkīḷito nāma . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Yo neti vipallāsehi , Kilese indriyehi saddhamme ; Etaṃ nayaṃ nayavidū , Sīhavikkīḷitaṃ āhū ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); AsantāsanajavaparakkamādivisesayogenaV1.58 sīho bhagavā , tassa vikkīḷitaṃ desanā vacīkammabhūto vihāroti katvā vipallāsatappaṭipakkhaparidīpanato sīhassa vikkīḷitaṃ etthāti sīhavikkīḷito , nayo . Balavisesayogadīpanato vā sīhavikkīḷitasadisattā nayo sīhavikkīḷito . Balaviseso cettha saddhādibalaṃ , dasabalāni eva vā . Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇaṃ atthanayānaṃ siddhiyā vohāranayadvayaṃ siddhameva hoti . Tathā hi atthanayattayadisābhāvena kusalādidhammānaṃ ālocanaṃ disālocanaṃ . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Veyyākaraṇesu hi ye , Kusalākusalā tahiṃ tahiṃ vuttā ; Manasā olokayate , Taṃ khu disālocanaṃ āhū ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Tathā ālocitānaṃ tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthanayattayayojane samānayanato aṅkuso viya aṅkuso . Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘ Oloketvā disalocanena , ukkhipiya yaṃ samāneti ; Sabbe kusalākusale , ayaṃ nayo aṅkuso nāmā ’’ ti .( netti .4 niddesavāra ); Tasmā manasāva atthanayānaṃ disābhūtadhammānaṃ locanaṃ disālocanaṃ , tesaṃ samānayanaṃ aṅkusoti pañcapi nayāni yuttāni honti . EttāvatāM1.66 ca – ‘‘ Paṭhamo nandiyāvaṭṭo , dutiyo ca tipukkhalo ; Sīhavikkīḷito nāma , tatiyo nayalañjako . Disālocanamāhaṃsu , catutthaṃ nayamuttamaṃ ; Pañcamo aṅkuso nāma , sabbe pañca nayā gatā ’’ ti .( netti .1 uddesavāra )– EvaṃV1.59 vuttapañcanayāpi ettha dassitāti veditabbā . Nayati saṃkilesaṃ vodānañca vibhāgato ñāpetīti nayo , lañjeti pakāseti suttatthanti lañjako , nayo ca so lañjako cāti nayalañjako . Idañca suttaṃ soḷasavidhe suttantapaṭṭhāne saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ byatirekamukhena nibbedhāsekkhabhāgiyanti daṭṭhabbaṃ . Aṭṭhavīsatividhe pana suttantapaṭṭhāne lokiyalokuttaraṃ sattadhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ ñāṇaññeyyaṃ dassanabhāvanaṃ sakavacanaṃ vissajjanīyaṃ kusalākusalaṃ anuññātaṃ paṭikkhittañcāti veditabbaṃ . Tattha soḷasavidhasuttantaṃ paṭṭhānaṃ nāma ‘‘ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ , vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ , nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ , asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ , saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca suttaṃ , saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , saṃkilesabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , vāsanābhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ , neva saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ na vāsanābhāgiyaṃ na nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ na asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttan ’’ ti ( netti .89) evaṃ vuttasoḷasasāsanapaṭṭhānāni . Tattha saṃkilissanti etenāti saṃkileso , saṃkilesabhāge saṃkilesakoṭṭhāse pavattaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ . Vāsanā puññabhāvanā , vāsanābhāge pavattaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ , vāsanaṃ bhajāpetīti vā vāsanābhāgiyaṃ . Nibbijjhanaṃ lobhakkhandhādīnaṃ padālanaṃ nibbedho , nibbedhabhāgeM1.67 pavattaṃ , nibbedhaṃ bhajāpetīti vā nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ . Pariniṭṭhitasikkhā dhammā asekkhā , asekkhabhāge pavattaṃ , asekkhe bhajāpetīti vā asekkhabhāgiyaṃ . Tesu yattha taṇhādisaṃkileso vibhatto , idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ . Yattha dānādipuññakiriyavatthu vibhattaṃ , idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ . Yattha sekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo vibhattā , idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ . Yattha pana asekkhā sīlakkhandhādayo vibhattā , idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ . Itarāni tesaṃ vomissakanayavasena vuttāni . Sabbāsavasaṃvarapariyāyādīnaṃ vasena sabbabhāgiyaṃ veditabbaṃ . Tattha hi saṃkilesadhammā lokiyasucaritadhammā sekkhā dhammā asekkhā dhammā ca vibhattā . Sabbabhāgiyaṃ pana ‘‘ passaṃ na passatī ’’ tiādikaṃ udakādianuvādavacanaṃ veditabbaṃ . AṭṭhavīsatividhaṃV1.60 suttantapaṭṭhānaṃ pana ‘‘ lokiyaṃ , lokuttaraṃ , lokiyañca lokuttarañca , sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ , dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ , sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca , ñāṇaṃ , ñeyyaṃ , ñāṇañca ñeyyañca , dassanaṃ , bhāvanā , dassanañca bhāvanā ca , sakavacanaṃ , paravacanaṃ , sakavacanañca paravacanañca , vissajjanīyaṃ , avissajjanīyaṃ , vissajjanīyañca avissajjanīyañca , kammaṃ , vipāko , kammañca vipāko ca kusalaṃ , akusalaṃ , kusalañca akusalañca anuññātaṃ , paṭikkhittaṃ , anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca , thavo ’’ ti ( netti .112) evamāgatāni aṭṭhavīsati sāsanapaṭṭhānāni . Tattha lokiyan ti loke niyutto , loke vā vidito lokiyo . Idha pana lokiyo attho yasmiṃ sutte vutto , taṃ suttaṃ lokiyaṃ . Tathā lokuttaraṃ . Yasmiṃ pana sutte padesena lokiyaṃ , padesena lokuttaraṃ vuttaṃ , taṃ lokiyañca lokuttarañca . Sattaadhippāyasattapaññattimukhena desitaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ . Dhammavasena desitaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ . Ubhayavasena desitaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca . Iminā nayena sabbapadesu attho veditabbo . Buddhādīnaṃ pana guṇābhitthavanavasena pavattaṃ suttaṃ thavo nāma – ‘‘ Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho , saccānaṃ caturo padā ; Virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṃ , dvipadānañca cakkhumā ’’ ti .( dha . pa .273; netti .170; peṭako .30) ādikaṃ viya – Nettinayavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .