1. Paṭhamanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttavaṇṇanā
71. Pāṭaligāmiyavaggassa
V0.315P0.388M0.351 paṭhame nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāyāti amatadhātusannissitāya asaṅkhatadhātuyā pavedanavasena pavattāya .Dhammiyā kathāyāti dhammadesanāya .
Sandassetīti sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇato nibbānaṃ dasseti .
Samādapetīti tameva atthaṃ te bhikkhū gaṇhāpeti .
Samuttejetīti tadatthagahaṇe ussāhaṃ janento tejeti joteti .
Sampahaṃsetīti nibbānaguṇehi sammadeva sabbappakārehi toseti .
Atha vā sandassetīti ‘‘ so sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggā taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho ’’ tiādinā ( ma . ni .1.281;2.337; mahāva .8) nayeneva sabbathā tena tena pariyāyena tesaṃ tesaṃ ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ sammā dasseti .
Samādapetīti ‘‘ iminā ariyamaggena taṃ adhigantabban ’’ ti adhigamapaṭipadāya saddhiṃ tattha bhikkhū ninnapoṇapabbhāre karonto sammā ādapeti gaṇhāpeti .
Samuttejetīti etaṃ dukkaraṃ durabhisambhavanti ‘‘ mā sammāpaṭipattiyaṃ pamādaṃ antarāvosānaṃ āpajjatha , upanissayasampannassa vīriyavato nayidaṃ dukkaraṃ , tasmā sīlavisuddhiādivisuddhipaṭipadāya uṭṭhahatha ghaṭayatha vāyameyyāthā ’’ ti nibbānādhigamāya ussāheti , tattha vā cittaṃ vodapeti .
Sampahaṃsetīti ‘‘ madanimmadano pipāsavinayo ālayasamugghāto ’’ ti ( a . ni .4.34; itivu .90), rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayoti ( saṃ . ni .4.367; itivu .44), asaṅkhatanti ( saṃ . ni .4.367), amatañca santantiādinā ca anekapariyāyena ( saṃ . ni .4.409) nibbānānisaṃsappakāsanena tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cittaṃ tosento hāsento sampahaṃseti samassāseti .
Tedhāti
P0.389 te idha .
Aṭṭhiṃ katvāti ‘‘ atthi kiñci ayaṃ no attho adhigantabbo ’’ ti evaṃ sallakkhetvā tāya desanāya atthikā hutvā .
Manasi katvāti citte ṭhapetvā anaññavihitā taṃ desanaṃ attano cittagatamevaM0.352 katvā .
Sabbaṃ cetaso samannāharitvāti sabbena kārakacittenaV0.316 ādito paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānā desanaṃ āvajjetvā , taggatameva ābhogaṃ katvāti attho .
Atha vā sabbaṃ cetaso samannāharitvāti sabbasmā cittato desanaṃ sammā anu anu āharitvā .
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – desentassa yehi cittehi desanā katā , sabbasmā cittato pavattaṃ desanaṃ bahi gantuṃ adento sammā aviparītaṃ anu anu āharitvā attano cittasantānaṃ āharitvā yathādesitadesitaṃ desanaṃ suṭṭhu upadhāretvā .
Ohitasotāti avahitasotā , suṭṭhu upitasotā .
Ohitasotāti vā avikkhittasotā .
Tameva upalabbhamānopi hi savane avikkhepo satisaṃvaro viya cakkhundriyādīsu sotindriyepi vattumarahatīti .
Ettha ca ‘‘ aṭṭhiṃ katvā ’’ tiādīhi catūhipi padehi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tapparabhāvato savane ādaradīpanena sakkaccasavanaṃ dasseti .Etamatthaṃ viditvāti etaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tassā nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammakathāya savane ādarakāritaṃ sabbākārato viditvā .
Imaṃ udānan ti imaṃ nibbānassa tabbidhuradhammadesanāmukhena paramatthato vijjamānabhāvavibhāvanaṃ udānaṃ udānesi .
Tattha atthīti vijjati , paramatthato upalabbhatīti attho .
Bhikkhaveti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ālapanaṃ .
Nanu ca udānaṃ nāma pītisomanassasamuṭṭhāpito vā dhammasaṃvegasamuṭṭhāpito vā dhammapaṭiggāhakanirapekkho udāhāro , tathā ceva ettakesu suttesu āgataṃ , idha kasmā bhagavā udānento te bhikkhū āmantesīti ?
Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ saññāpanatthaṃ .
Nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttañhi bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā nibbānaguṇānussaraṇena uppannapītisomanassā udānaṃ udānesi .
Idha
P0.390 nibbānavajjo sabbo sabhāvadhammo paccayāyattavuttikova upalabbhati , na paccayanirapekkho .
Ayaṃ pana nibbānadhammo katamapaccaye upalabbhatīti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cetoparivitakkamaññāya te ca saññāpetukāmo ‘‘ atthi , bhikkhave , tadāyatanan ’’ tiādimāha , na ekantatova te paṭiggāhake katvāti veditabbaṃ .
Tadāyatanan ti taṃ kāraṇaṃ .
Da kāro padasandhikaro .
NibbānañhiM0.353 maggaphalañāṇādīnaṃ ārammaṇapaccayabhāvato rūpādīni viya cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ ārammaṇapaccayabhūtānīti kāraṇaṭṭhena ‘‘ āyatanan ’’ ti vuccati .
Ettāvatā ca bhagavā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā paramatthato atthibhāvaṃ pavedesi .
Tatrāyaṃ dhammanvayo – idha saṅkhatadhammānaṃ vijjamānattā asaṅkhatāyapi dhātuyā bhavitabbaṃ tappaṭipakkhattā sabhāvadhammānaṃ .
Yathā hi dukkhe vijjamāne tappaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ sukhampi vijjatiyevaV0.317 , tathā uṇhe vijjamāne sītampi vijjati , pāpadhammesu vijjamānesu kalyāṇadhammāpi vijjanti eva .
Vuttañcetaṃ –
‘‘ Yathāpi dukkhe vijjante , sukhaṃ nāmapi vijjati ;
Evaṃ bhave vijjamāne , vibhavopi icchitabbako .
‘‘ Yathāpi uṇhe vijjante , aparaṃ vijjati sītalaṃ ;
Evaṃ tividhaggi vijjante , nibbānaṃ icchitabbakaṃ .
‘‘ Yathāpi pāpe vijjante , kalyāṇamapi vijjati ;
Evameva jāti vijjante , ajātimapi icchitabbakan ’’ tiādi .( bu . vaṃ .2.10-12)–
Apica nibbānassa paramatthato atthibhāvavicāraṇaṃ parato āvibhavissati .
Evaṃ bhagavā asaṅkhatāya dhātuyā paramatthato atthibhāvaṃ sammukhena dassetvā idāni tabbidhuradhammāpohanamukhenassa sabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ,‘‘ yattha neva pathavī na āpo ’’ tiādimāha .
Tattha yasmā nibbānaṃ sabbasaṅkhāravidhurasabhāvaṃ yathā saṅkhatadhammesu katthaci natthi , tathā tatthapi sabbe saṅkhatadhammā .
Na hi saṅkhatāsaṅkhatadhammānaṃ samodhānaṃ sambhavati .
Tatrāyaṃ atthavibhāvanāP0.391 – yattha yasmiṃ nibbāne yassaṃ asaṅkhatadhātuyaṃ neva kakkhaḷalakkhaṇā pathavīdhātu atthi , na paggharaṇalakkhaṇā āpodhātu , na uṇhalakkhaṇā tejodhātu , na vitthambhanalakkhaṇā vāyodhātu atthi .
Iti catumahābhūtābhāvavacanena yathā sabbassapi upādārūpassa abhāvo vutto hoti tannissitattā .
Evaṃ anavasesato kāmarūpabhavassaM0.354 tattha abhāvo vutto hoti tadāyattavuttibhāvato .
Na hi mahābhūtanissayena vinā pañcavokārabhavo ekavokārabhavo vā sambhavatīti .
Idāni arūpasabhāvattepi nibbānassa arūpabhavapariyāpannānaṃ dhammānaṃ tattha abhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ,‘‘ na ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ … pe … na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Tattha na ākāsānañcāyatanan ti saddhiṃ ārammaṇena kusalavipākakiriyabhedo tividhopi ākāsānañcāyatanacittuppādo natthīti attho .
Sesesupi eseva nayo .
Yadaggena ca nibbāne kāmalokādīnaṃV0.318 abhāvo hoti , tadaggena tattha idhalokaparalokānampi abhāvoti āha –
‘‘ nāyaṃ loko na paraloko ’’ ti .
Tassattho – yvāyaṃ ‘‘ itthattaṃ diṭṭhadhammo idhaloko ’’ ti ca laddhavohāro khandhādiloko , yo ca ‘‘ tato aññathā paro abhisamparāyo ’’ ti ca laddhavohāro khandhādiloko , tadubhayampi tattha natthīti .
Na ubho candimasūriyāti yasmā rūpagate sati tamo nāma siyā , tamassa ca vidhamanatthaṃ candimasūriyehi vattitabbaṃ .
Sabbena sabbaṃ pana yattha rūpagatameva natthi , kuto tattha tamo .
Tamassa vā vidhamanā candimasūriyā , tasmā candimā sūriyo cāti ubhopi tattha nibbāne natthīti attho .
Iminā ālokasabhāvataṃyeva nibbānassa dasseti .
Ettāvatā ca anabhisametāvīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anādimatisaṃsāre supinantepi ananubhūtapubbaṃ paramagambhīraṃ atiduddasaṃ saṇhasukhumaṃ atakkāvacaraṃ accantasantaṃ paṇḍitavedanīyaṃ atipaṇītaṃ amataṃ nibbānaṃ vibhāvento paṭhamaṃ tāva ‘‘ atthi , bhikkhave , tadāyatanan ’’ ti tassa atthibhāvā tesaṃ aññāṇādīni apanetvā ‘‘ yattha neva pathavīP0.392 … pe … na ubho candimasūriyā ’’ ti tadaññadhammāpohanamukhena taṃ vibhāveti dhammarājā .
Tena pathavīādisabbasaṅkhatadhammavidhurasabhāvā yā asaṅkhatā dhātu , taṃ nibbānanti dīpitaṃ hoti .Tenevāha ,‘‘ tatrāpāhaṃ , bhikkhave , neva āgatiṃ vadāmī ’’ ti .
Tattha tatrāti tasmiṃ .
Api saddo samuccaye .
Ahaṃ , bhikkhave , yattha saṅkhārapavatte kutoci kassaci āgatiṃ na vadāmi yathāpaccayaṃ tattha dhammamattassa
M0.355 uppajjanato .
Evaṃ tasmimpi āyatane nibbāne kutoci āgatiṃ āgamanaṃ neva vadāmi āgantabbaṭṭhānatāya abhāvato .
Na gatin ti katthaci gamanaṃ na vadāmi gantabbaṭṭhānatāya abhāvato .
Na hi tattha sattānaṃ ṭhapetvā ñāṇena ārammaṇakaraṇaṃ āgatigatiyo sambhavanti , nāpi ṭhiticutūpapattiyo vadāmi .
‘‘ Tadāpahan ’’ tipi pāḷi .
Tassattho – tampi āyatanaṃ gāmantarato gāmantaraṃ viya na āgantabbatāya na āgati , na gantabbatāya na gati , pathavīpabbatādi viya apatiṭṭhānatāya na ṭhiti , apaccayattā vā uppādābhāvo , tato amatasabhāvattā cavanābhāvo , uppādanirodhābhāvato ceva tadubhayaparicchinnāya ṭhitiyā ca abhāvato na ṭhitiṃ na cutiṃ na upapattiṃ vadāmi .Kevalaṃ pana taṃ arūpasabhāvattā apaccayattā ca na katthaci patiṭṭhitanti appatiṭṭhaṃ .
Tattha pavattābhāvato pavattappaṭipakkhato ca appavattaṃ .
Arūpasabhāvattepi vedanādayo viya kassacipi ārammaṇassa anālambanato upatthambhanirapekkhato ca anārammaṇameva taṃ ‘‘ āyatanan ’’ ti vuttaṃ nibbānaṃ .
Ayañca eva saddo appatiṭṭhameva appavattamevāti padadvayenapi yojetabbo
V0.319 .Esevanto dukkhassāti yadidaṃ ‘‘ appatiṭṭhan ’’ tiādīhi vacanehi vaṇṇitaṃ thomitaṃ yathāvuttalakkhaṇaṃ nibbānaṃ , eso eva sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa anto pariyosānaṃ tadadhigame sati sabbadukkhābhāvato .
Tasmā ‘‘ dukkhassa anto ’’ ti ayameva tassa sabhāvoti dasseti .
Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .