Maggasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā

36.

MaggasaccaniddeseV1.137P1.162 ayamevāti aññamaggapaṭikkhepanatthaṃ niyamanaṃ ( vibha . aṭṭha .205).

Ariyoti taṃtaṃmaggavajjhakilesehi ārakattā , ariyabhāvakarattā , ariyaphalapaṭilābhakarattā ca ariyo .

Aṭṭha aṅgāni assāti aṭṭhaṅgiko .

Svāyaṃ caturaṅgikā viya senā , pañcaṅgikaṃ viya tūriyaṃ aṅgamattameva hoti , aṅgavinimutto natthi .

Idāni aṅgamattameva maggo aṅgavinimutto natthīti dassento sammādiṭṭhi … pe … sammāsamādhītiādimāha .

Tattha sammā dassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi .

Sammā abhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkappo .

Sammā pariggahalakkhaṇā sammāvācā .

Sammā samuṭṭhāpanalakkhaṇo sammākammanto .

Sammā vodāpanalakkhaṇo sammāājīvo .

Sammā paggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo .

Sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati .

Sammā samādhānalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhi .

Tesu ekekassa tīṇi tīṇi kiccāni honti .

Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhiM1.150 tāva aññehipi attano paccanīkakilesehi saddhiṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ pajahati , nirodhañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca passati tappaṭicchādakamohavidhamanavasena asammohato .

Sammāsaṅkappādayopi tatheva micchāsaṅkappādīni ca pajahanti , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karonti .

Visesato panettha sammāsaṅkappo sahajātadhamme sammā abhiniropeti , sammāvācā sammā pariggaṇhāti , sammākammanto sammā samuṭṭhāpeti , sammāājīvo sammā vodāpeti , sammāvāyāmo sammā paggaṇhāti , sammāsati sammā upaṭṭhāpeti , sammāsamādhi sammā samādahati .

Apicesā sammādiṭṭhi nāma pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā hoti , maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā .

Kiccato pana ‘‘ dukkhe ñāṇan ’’ tiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhatiP1.163 .

Sammāsaṅkappādayopi pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇā nānārammaṇā honti , maggakāle ekakkhaṇā ekārammaṇā .

Tesu sammāsaṅkappo kiccato nekkhammasaṅkappotiādīni tīṇi nāmāni labhati .

Sammāvācādayo tayo pubbabhāge viratiyopi honti cetanāyopi , maggakkhaṇe pana viratiyoyeva .

Sammāvāyāmo sammāsatīti idampi dvayaṃ kiccato sammappadhānasatipaṭṭhānavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati .

Sammāsamādhi pana pubbabhāgepi maggakkhaṇepi sammāsamādhiyeva .

Iti imesu aṭṭhasu dhammesu bhagavatā nibbānādhigamāya paṭipannassa yogino bahūpakārattā paṭhamaṃV1.138 sammādiṭṭhi desitā .

Ayañhi ‘‘ paññāpajjoto paññāsatthan ’’ ti ( dha . sa .16,20,29) ca vuttā .

Tasmā etāya pubbabhāge vipassanāñāṇasaṅkhātāya sammādiṭṭhiyā avijjandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā kilesacore ghātento khemena yogāvacaro nibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti .

Tasmā paṭhamaṃ sammādiṭṭhi desitā .

Sammāsaṅkappo pana tassā bahūpakāro .

Tasmā tadanantaraṃ vutto .

Yathā hi heraññiko hatthena parivattetvā parivattetvā cakkhunā kahāpaṇaṃ olokento ‘‘ ayaṃ kūṭo ayaṃ cheko ’’ ti jānāti , evaṃ yogāvacaropi pubbabhāge vitakkena vitakketvā vitakketvā vipassanāpaññāya olokayamāno ‘‘ ime dhammā kāmāvacarā , ime rūpāvacarādayo ’’ ti jānāti .

Yathā vā pana purisena koṭiyaṃ gahetvā parivattetvā parivattetvā dinnaṃ mahārukkhaṃ tacchako vāsiyā tacchetvā kammeM1.151 upaneti , evaṃ vitakkena vitakketvā vitakketvā dinnadhamme yogāvacaro paññāya ‘‘ ime dhammā kāmāvacarā , ime rūpāvacarā ’’ tiādinā nayena paricchinditvā kamme upaneti .

Tasmā sammāsaṅkappo sammādiṭṭhānantaraṃ vutto .

Svāyaṃ yathā sammādiṭṭhiyā , evaṃ sammāvācāyapi upakārako .

Yathāha –

‘‘ pubbe kho , gahapati , vitakketvā vicāretvā pacchā vācaṃ bhindatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.463).

Tasmā tadanantaraṃ sammāvācā vuttā .

Yasmā pana ‘‘ idañcidañca karissāmā ’’ ti paṭhamaṃ vācāya saṃvidahitvā loke kammante payojenti , tasmā vācā kāyakammassa upakārikāti sammāvācāya anantaraṃ sammākammanto vutto .

Catubbidhaṃ pana vacīduccaritaṃ , tividhaṃ kāyaduccaritaṃ pahāya ubhayaṃ sucaritaṃ pūrentasseva yasmā ājīvaṭṭhamakasīlaṃ pūrati , na itarassaP1.164 , tasmā tadubhayānantaraṃ sammāājīvo vutto .

Evaṃ visuddhājīvena pana ‘‘ parisuddho me ājīvo ’’ ti ettāvatā paritosaṃ katvā suttappamattena viharituṃ na yuttaṃ , atha kho sabbairiyāpathesu idaṃ vīriyamārabhitabbanti dassetuṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāvāyāmo vutto .

TatoV1.139 āraddhavīriyenāpi kāyādīsu catūsu vatthūsu sati sūpaṭṭhitā kātabbāti dassetuṃ tadanantaraṃ sammāsati vuttā .

Yasmā pana evaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya satiyā samādhissa upakārānupakārānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesitvā pahoti ekattārammaṇe cittaṃ samādhātuṃ , tasmā sammāsatianantaraṃ sammāsamādhi vuttoti veditabboti .

Sammādiṭṭhiniddese ‘‘ dukkhe ñāṇan ’’ tiādinā catusaccakammaṭṭhānaṃ dassitaṃ .

Tattha purimāni dve saccāni vaṭṭaṃ , pacchimāni dve vivaṭṭaṃ .

Tesu bhikkhuno vaṭṭe kammaṭṭhānābhiniveso hoti , vivaṭṭe natthi abhiniveso .

Purimāni hi dve saccāni ‘‘ pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ , taṇhā samudayo ’’ ti evaṃ saṅkhepena ca ,‘‘ katameM1.152 pañcakkhandhā ?

Rūpakkhandho ’’ tiādinā nayena vitthārena ca ācariyasantike uggaṇhitvā vācāya punappunaṃ parivattento yogāvacaro kammaṃ karoti .

Itaresu pana dvīsu saccesu ‘‘ nirodhasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpaṃ , maggasaccaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ manāpan ’’ ti evaṃ savaneneva kammaṃ karoti .

So evaṃ kammaṃ karonto cattāri saccāni ekapaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati , ekābhisamayena abhisameti .

Dukkhaṃ pariññāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati , samudayaṃ pahānapaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati .

Nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati , maggaṃ bhāvanāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhati .

Dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena … pe … maggaṃ bhāvanābhisamayena abhisameti .

Evamassa pubbabhāge dvīsu saccesu uggahaparipucchāsavanadhāraṇasammasanapaṭivedho hoti , dvīsu savanapaṭivedhoyeva .

Aparabhāge tīsu kiccato paṭivedho hoti nirodhe ārammaṇapaṭivedho .

Tattha sabbampi paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ , savanadhāraṇasammasanañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ kāmāvacaraṃ .

Paccavekkhaṇā pana pattasaccassa hoti , ayañca ādikammiko .

Tasmā sā idha na vuttā .

Imassa caP1.165 bhikkhuno pubbe pariggahato ‘‘ dukkhaṃ parijānāmi , samudayaṃ pajahāmi , nirodhaṃ sacchikaromi , maggaṃ bhāvemī ’’ ti ābhogasamannāhāramanasikārapaccavekkhaṇā natthi , pariggahato paṭṭhāya hoti .

Aparabhāge pana dukkhaṃ pariññātameva hoti … pe … maggo bhāvitova hoti .

Tattha dve saccāni duddasattā gambhīrāni , dve gambhīrattā duddasāni .

Dukkhasaccañhi uppattito pākaṭaṃ , khāṇukaṇṭakappahārādīsu ‘‘ aho dukkhan ’’ ti vattabbatampi āpajjati .

Samudayasaccaṃ khāditukāmatābhuñjitukāmatādivasena uppattito pākaṭaṃ .

Lakkhaṇapaṭivedhato pana ubhayampiV1.140 gambhīraṃ .

Iti tāni duddasattā gambhīrāni .

Itaresaṃ pana dvinnaṃ dassanatthāya payogo bhavaggaggahaṇatthaṃ hatthapasāraṇaṃ viya , avīciphusanatthaṃ pādapasāraṇaṃ viya , satadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭipaṭipādanaṃ viya ca hoti .

Iti tāni gambhīrattā duddasāni .

Evaṃ duddasattā gambhīresu gambhīrattā ca duddasesu catūsu saccesu uggahādivasena pubbabhāgañāṇuppattiṃ sandhāya idaṃ ‘‘ dukkhe ñāṇan ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Paṭivedhakkhaṇe pana ekameva taṃ ñāṇaṃ hoti .

ApareM1.153 panāhu – catubbidhaṃ saccesu ñāṇaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ vavatthānañāṇaṃ sammasanañāṇaṃ abhisamayañāṇanti .

Tattha katamaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ ?

Saṃkhittena vā vitthārena vā cattāri saccāni sutvā jānāti ‘‘ idaṃ dukkhaṃ , ayaṃ samudayo , ayaṃ nirodho , ayaṃ maggo ’’ ti .

Idaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ .

Katamaṃ vavatthānañāṇaṃ ?

So sutānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhati dhammato ca lakkhaṇato ca ,‘‘ ime dhammā imasmiṃ sacce pariyāpannā , imassa saccassa idaṃ lakkhaṇan ’’ ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ karoti .

Idaṃ vavatthānañāṇaṃ .

Katamaṃ sammasanañāṇaṃ ?

So evaṃ yathānupubbaṃ cattāri saccāni vavatthapetvā atha dukkhameva gahetvā yāva gotrabhuñāṇaṃ aniccato dukkhato anattato sammasati .

Idaṃ sammasanañāṇaṃ .

Katamaṃ abhisamayañāṇaṃ ?

Lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe ekena ñāṇena cattāri saccāni apubbaṃ acarimaṃ abhisameti ‘‘ dukkhaṃ pariññābhisamayena , samudayaṃ pahānābhisamayena , nirodhaṃ sacchikiriyābhisamayenaP1.166 maggaṃ bhāvanābhisamayena abhisametī ’’ ti .

Idaṃ abhisamayañāṇan ti .

Sammāsaṅkappaniddese kāmato nissaṭoti nekkhammasaṅkappo .

Byāpādato nissaṭoti abyāpādasaṅkappo .

Vihiṃsāya nissaṭoti avihiṃsāsaṅkappo .

Tattha nekkhammavitakko kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati , abyāpādavitakko byāpādavitakkassa , avihiṃsāvitakko vihiṃsāvitakkassa .

Tathā nekkhammaabyāpādaavihiṃsāvitakkā kāmabyāpādavihiṃsāvitakkānaṃ paccanīkā hutvā uppajjanti .

Tattha yogāvacaro kāmavitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ vā sammasati aññaṃ vā pana kiñci saṅkhāraṃ .

Athassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayutto saṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati , vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpeti .

Athassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa padaghātaṃ padacchedaṃ karonto uppajjati .

Byāpādavitakkassapi padaghātanatthaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vāV1.141 saṅkhāraṃ , vihiṃsāvitakkassa padaghātanatthaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vā aññaṃ vā saṅkhāraṃ sammasati .

Athassa vipassanākkhaṇeti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ .

KāmavitakkādīnaṃM1.154 pana tiṇṇampi pāḷiyaṃ vibhattesu aṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇesu ekakammaṭṭhānampi apaccanīkaṃ nāma natthi .

Ekantato pana kāmavitakkassa tāva asubhesu paṭhamajjhānameva paccanīkaṃ , byāpādavitakkassa mettāya tikacatukkajjhānāni , vihiṃsaāvitakkassa karuṇāya tikacatukkajjhānāni .

Tasmā asubhaparikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpannassa samāpattikkhaṇe jhānasampayutto vitakko vikkhambhanavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati , jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapentassa vipassanākkhaṇe vipassanāsampayutto saṅkappo tadaṅgavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati , vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggaṃ pāpentassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayutto saṅkappo samucchedavasena kāmavitakkassa paccanīko hutvā uppajjati .

Evaṃ uppanno nekkhammasaṅkappoti vuccatīti veditabbo .

MettāyaP1.167 pana parikammaṃ katvā , karuṇāya parikammaṃ katvā jhānaṃ samāpannassāti sabbaṃ purimanayeneva yojetabbaṃ .

Evaṃ uppanno abyāpādasaṅkappoti vuccati , avihiṃsāsaṅkappoti vuccatīti veditabbo .

Evamete nekkhammasaṅkappādayo vipassanājhānavasena uppattīnaṃ nānattā pubbabhāge nānā , maggakkhaṇe pana imesu tīsu ṭhānesu uppannassa akusalasaṅkappassa padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamāno ekova kusalasaṅkappo uppajjati .

Ayaṃ sammāsaṅkappo nāma .

Sammāvācāniddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena musāvādā viramati , aññena aññena pisuṇāvācādīhi , tasmā catassopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā , maggakkhaṇe pana micchāvācāsaṅkhātāya catubbidhāya akusaladussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāvācāsaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇi uppajjati .

Ayaṃ sammāvācā nāma .

Sammākammantaniddesepi yasmā aññeneva cittena pāṇātipātā viramati , aññena adinnādānā , aññena micchācārā , tasmā tissopetā veramaṇiyo pubbabhāge nānā , maggakkhaṇe pana micchākammantasaṅkhātāya tividhāya akusaladussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammākammantasaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇi uppajjati .

Ayaṃ sammākammanto nāma .

SammāājīvaniddeseM1.155V1.142 idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane .

Ariyasāvakoti ariyassa buddhassa sāvako .

Micchāājīvaṃ pahāyāti pāpakaṃ ājīvaṃ pajahitvā .

Sammāājīvenāti buddhappasatthena kusalaājīvena .

Jīvikaṃ kappetīti jīvitappavattiṃ pavatteti .

Idhāpi yasmā aññeneva cittena kāyadvāravītikkamā viramati , aññeneva vacīdvāravītikkamā , tasmā pubbabhāge nānākkhaṇesu uppajjati , maggakkhaṇe pana dvīsu dvāresu sattannaṃ kammapathānaṃ vasena uppannāya micchāājīvadussīlyacetanāya padacchedato anuppattisādhanavasena maggaṅgaṃ pūrayamānā ekāva sammāājīvasaṅkhātā kusalaveramaṇi uppajjati .

Ayaṃ sammāājīvo nāma .

Sammāvāyāmaniddese idha bhikkhūti imasmiṃ sāsane paṭipannakoP1.168 bhikkhu .

Anuppannānan ti anibbattānaṃ .

Pāpakānan ti lāmakānaṃ .

Akusalānaṃ dhammānan ti akosallasambhūtānaṃ dhammānaṃ .

Anuppādāyāti na uppādanatthāya .

Chandaṃ janetīti kattukamyatāsaṅkhātaṃ kusalacchandaṃ janeti uppādeti .

Vāyamatīti payogaṃ janeti parakkamaṃ karoti .

Vīriyaṃ ārabhatīti kāyikaṃ cetasikaṃ vīriyaṃ karoti .

Cittaṃ paggaṇhātīti teneva sahajātavīriyena cittaṃ ukkhipati .

Padahatīti padhānavīriyaṃ karoti .

Paṭipāṭiyā panetāni cattāripi padāni āsevanābhāvanābahulīkammasātaccakiriyāhi yojetabbāni .

Uppannānan ti anuppannānanti avattabbataṃ āpannānaṃ .

Pahānāyāti pajahanatthāya .

Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānan ti anibbattānaṃ kosallasambhūtānaṃ dhammānaṃ .

Uppādāyāti uppādanatthāya .

Uppannānan ti nibbattānaṃ .

Ṭhitiyāti ṭhitatthāya .

Asammosāyāti anassanatthaṃ .

Bhiyyobhāvāyāti punappunaṃ bhāvāya .

Vepullāyāti vipulabhāvāya .

Bhāvanāyāti vaḍḍhiyā .

Pāripūriyāti paripūraṇatthāya .

Ete pana sammāvāyāmasaṅkhātā cattāro sammappadhānā pubbabhāge lokiyā , maggakkhaṇe lokuttarā .

Maggakkhaṇe pana ekameva vīriyaṃ catukiccasādhanavasena cattāri nāmāni labhati .

Tattha lokiyā kassapasaṃyutte vuttanayeneva veditabbā .

Vuttañhi tattha –

‘‘ CattāromeM1.156 , āvuso , sammappadhānā ;

Katame cattāro ?

Idhāvuso , bhikkhu ‘ anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāyaV1.143 saṃvatteyyun ’ ti ātappaṃ karoti ,‘ uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyun ’ ti ātappaṃ karoti ,‘ anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyun ’ ti ātappaṃ karoti ,‘ uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyun ’ ti ātappaṃ karotī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.145);

Tattha ca anuppannāti asamudācāravasena vā ananubhūtārammaṇavasena vā anuppannā .

Aññathā hi anamatagge saṃsāre anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā nāma natthi , anuppannā pana uppajjamānāpi eteyeva uppajjanti , pahīyamānāpi eteyeva pahīyanti .

Tattha ekaccassa vattaganthadhutaṅgasamādhivipassanānavakammabhavānaṃP1.169 aññataravasena kilesā na samudācaranti .

Kathaṃ ?

Ekacco hi vattasampanno hoti , asīti khandhakavattāni cuddasa mahāvattāni cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇapānīyamāḷakauposathāgāraāgantukagamikavattāni ca karontasseva kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti .

Aparabhāge panassa vattāni vissajjetvā bhinnavattassa carato ayonisomanasikāraṃ sativossaggañca āgamma uppajjanti .

Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

Ekacco ganthayutto hoti , ekampi nikāyaṃ gaṇhāti dvepi tayopi cattāropi pañcapi .

Tassa tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ atthavasena pāḷivasena anusandhivasena pubbāparavasena gaṇhantassa sajjhāyantassa cintentassa vācentassa desentassa pakāsentassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti .

Aparabhāge panassa ganthakammaṃ pahāya kusītassa carato ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti .

Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

Ekacco pana dhutaṅgadharo hoti , terasa dhutaṅgaguṇe samādāya vattati , tassa dhutaṅgaguṇe pariharantassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti .

AparabhāgeM1.157 panassa dhutaṅgāni vissajjetvā bāhullāya āvattassa carato ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti .

Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

Ekacco aṭṭhasu samāpattīsu ciṇṇavasī hoti , tassa paṭhamajjhānādīsu āvajjanavasīādīnaṃ vasena viharantassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti .

Aparabhāge panassa parihīnajjhānassa vā vissaṭṭhajjhānassa vā bhassādīsu anuyuttassa viharato ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti .

Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

EkaccoV1.144 pana vipassako hoti , sattasu vā anupassanāsu ( paṭi . ma .3.35) aṭṭhārasasu vā mahāvipassanāsu ( paṭi . ma .1.22) kammaṃ karonto viharati , tassa evaṃ viharato kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti .

Aparabhāge panassa vipassanākammaṃ pahāya kāyadaḷhībahulassa viharato ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti .

Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

Ekacco navakammiko hoti , uposathāgārabhojanasālādīni karotiP1.170 , tassa tesaṃ upakaraṇāni cintentassa kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti .

Aparabhāge panassa navakamme niṭṭhite vā vissaṭṭhe vā ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti .

Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

Ekacco pana brahmalokato āgato suddhasatto hoti , tassa anāsevanāya kilesā okāsaṃ na labhanti .

Aparabhāge panassa laddhāsevanassa ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma uppajjanti .

Evampi asamudācāravasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

Evaṃ tāva asamudācāravasena anuppannatā veditabbā .

Kathaṃ ananubhūtārammaṇavasena ?

Idhekacco ananubhūtapubbaṃ manāpikādibhedaṃ ārammaṇaṃ labhati , tassa tattha ayonisomanasikārasativossagge āgamma rāgādayo kilesā uppajjanti .

Evaṃ ananubhūtārammaṇavasena anuppannā uppajjanti nāma .

Evaṃ anuppannānaṃ akusalānaṃ uppāde sati attanoM1.158 anatthaṃ passitvā tesaṃ anuppādāya satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānuyogena paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti , uppannesu pana tesu tesaṃ appahānato attano anatthaṃ passitvā tesaṃ pahānāya dutiyaṃ tatheva sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti .

Anuppannā kusalā dhammāti samathavipassanā ceva maggo ca .

Tesaṃ anuppāde attano anatthaṃ passitvā tesaṃ uppādanatthāya tatheva tatiyaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti .

Uppannā kusalā dhammāti samathavipassanāva .

Maggo pana sakiṃ uppajjitvā nirujjhamāno anatthāya saṃvattanako nāma natthi .

So hi phalassa paccayaṃ datvāva nirujjhati .

Tāsaṃ samathavipassanānaṃ nirodhato attano anatthaṃ passitvā tāsaṃ ṭhitiyā tatheva catutthaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāveti .

Lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe pana ekameva vīriyaṃ .

YeV1.145 evaṃ anuppannā uppajjeyyuṃ , te yathā neva uppajjanti , evaṃ tesaṃ anuppannānaṃ anuppādakiccaṃ , uppannānañca pahānakiccaṃ sādheti .

Uppannāti cettha catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ vattamānuppannaṃ bhūtāpagatuppannaṃ okāsakatuppannaṃ bhūmiladdhuppannanti .

Tattha sabbampi uppādajarābhaṅgasamaṅgisaṅkhātaṃP1.171 vattamānuppannaṃ nāma .

Ārammaṇarasaṃ anubhavitvā niruddhaṃ anubhūtāpagatasaṅkhātaṃ kusalākusalaṃ uppādādittayamanuppatvā niruddhaṃ bhutvāpagatasaṅkhātaṃ sesasaṅkhatañca bhūtāpagatuppannaṃ nāma .

‘‘ Yānissa tāni pubbe katāni kammānī ’’ ti evamādinā ( ma . ni .3.248) nayena vuttaṃ kammaṃ atītampi samānaṃ aññaṃ vipākaṃ paṭibāhitvā attano vipākassa okāsaṃ katvā ṭhitattā tathā katokāsañca vipākaṃ anuppannampi samānaṃ evaṃ kate okāse ekantena uppajjanato okāsakatuppannaṃ nāma .

Tāsu tāsu bhūmīsu asamūhataṃ akusalaṃ bhūmiladdhuppannaṃ nāma .

Ettha ca bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ – bhūmīti hi vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā tebhūmakā pañcakkhandhā .

Bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma tesu khandhesu uppattirahaṃ kilesajātaṃ .

Tena hi sā bhūmiladdhā nāma hotīti tasmā bhūmiladdhanti vuccati .

Sā ca kho na ārammaṇavasena .

Ārammaṇavasena hi sabbepi atītānāgate pariññātepi ca khīṇāsavānaṃ khandhe ārabbha kilesā uppajjanti .

Yadi ca taṃ bhūmiladdhaṃ nāma siyā , tassa appaheyyato na koci bhavamūlaṃ pajaheyya .

Vatthuvasena pana bhūmiladdhaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Yattha yatthaM1.159 hi vipassanāya apariññātā khandhā uppajjanti , tattha tattha uppādato pabhuti tesu vaṭṭamūlaṃ kilesajātaṃ anuseti .

Taṃ appahīnaṭṭhena bhūmiladdhanti veditabbaṃ .

Tattha ca yassa yesu khandhesu appahīnaṭṭhena anusayitā kilesā , tassa te eva khandhā tesaṃ kilesānaṃ vatthu , na aññesaṃ santakā khandhā .

Atītakkhandhesu ca appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ atītakkhandhāva vatthu , na itare .

Esa nayo anāgatādīsu .

Tathā kāmāvacarakkhandhesu appahīnānusayitānaṃ kilesānaṃ kāmāvacarakkhandhā eva vatthu , na itare .

Esa nayo rūpārūpāvacaresu .

Sotāpannādīsu pana yassa yassa ariyapuggalassa khandhesu taṃ taṃ vaṭṭamūlaṃ kilesajātaṃ tena tena maggena pahīnaṃ , tassa tassaP1.172 te te khandhā pahīnānaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ vaṭṭamūlakānaṃ kilesānaṃ avatthuto bhūmīti saṅkhaṃ na labhanti .

Puthujjanassa sabbaso vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ appahīnattā yaṃkiñci kariyamānaṃ kammaṃ kusalamakusalaṃ vā hoti , iccassa kammakilesapaccayāva vaṭṭaṃ vaṭṭati , tassa tasseva taṃ vaṭṭamūlaṃ rūpakkhandheyeva , na vedanādīsu .

Viññāṇakkhandheyeva vā , na rūpakkhandhādīsūti na vattabbaṃ .

Kasmā ?

Avisesena pañcasupi khandhesuV1.146 anusayitattā .

Kathaṃ ?

Pathavīrasādi viya rukkhe .

Yathā hi mahārukkhe pathavītalaṃ adhiṭṭhāya pathavīrasañca āporasañca nissāya tappaccayā mūlakhandhasākhāpasākhāpallavapalāsapupphaphalehi vaḍḍhitvā nabhaṃ pūretvā yāva kappāvasānā bījaparamparāya rukkhapaveṇiṃ santānayamāne ṭhite taṃ pathavīrasādimūleyeva , na khandhādīsu .

Phaleyeva vā , na mūlādīsūti na vattabbaṃ .

Kasmā ?

Avisesena sabbesu mūlādīsu anugatattāti .

Yathā pana tasseva rukkhassa pupphaphalādīsu nibbinno koci puriso catūsu disāsu maṇḍūkakaṇṭakaṃ nāma visakaṇṭakaṃ ākoṭeyya , atha so rukkho tena visasamphassena phuṭṭho pathavīrasaāporasānaṃ pariyādinnattā appasavadhammataṃ āgamma puna santānaṃ nibbattetuṃ na sakkuṇeyya , evameva khandhappavattiyaṃ nibbinno kulaputto tassa purisassa catūsu disāsu rukkhe visayojanaṃ viya attano santāne catumaggabhāvanaṃ ārabhati .

Athassa so khandhasantāno tena catumaggavisasamphassena sabbaso vaṭṭamūlakilesānaṃ pariyādinnattā kiriyasabhāvamattaṃM1.160 upagatakāyakammādisabbakammappabhedo hutvā āyatiṃ punabbhavānabhinibbattanadhammataṃ āgamma bhavantarasantānaṃ nibbattetuṃ na sakkoti , kevalaṃ carimaviññāṇanirodhena nirindhano viya jātavedo anupādāno parinibbāyati .

Evaṃ bhūmiyā bhūmiladdhassa ca nānattaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Aparampi catubbidhaṃ uppannaṃ samudācāruppannaṃ ārammaṇādhiggahituppannaṃP1.173 avikkhambhituppannaṃ asamūhatuppannanti .

Tattha vattamānuppannameva samudācāruppannaṃ .

Cakkhādīnaṃ pana āpāthagate ārammaṇe pubbabhāge anuppajjamānampi kilesajātaṃ ārammaṇassa adhiggahitattā eva aparabhāge ekantena uppattito ārammaṇādhiggahituppannan ti vuccati .

Samathavipassanānaṃ aññataravasena avikkhambhitaṃ kilesajātaṃ cittasantatimanārūḷhampi uppattinivārakassa hetuno abhāvā avikkhambhituppannaṃ nāma .

Samathavipassanāvasena pana vikkhambhitampi ariyamaggena asamūhatattā uppattidhammataṃ anatītattā asamūhatuppannan ti vuccati .

Tividhampi cetaṃ ārammaṇādhiggahitāvikkhambhitāsamūhatuppannaṃ bhūmiladdheneva saṅgahaṃ gacchatīti veditabbaṃ .

Iccetasmiṃ vuttappabhede uppanne yadetaṃ vattamānabhūtāpagatokāsakatasamudācārasaṅkhātaṃ uppannaṃ , taṃ amaggavajjhattā kenaci maggañāṇena pahātabbaṃ na hoti .

Yaṃ panetaṃ bhūmiladdhārammaṇādhiggahitāvikkhambhitāsamūhatasaṅkhātaṃ uppannaṃ , tassa taṃ uppannabhāvaṃ nāsayamānaṃ yasmā taṃ taṃ lokiyalokuttarañāṇaṃ uppajjati , tasmā taṃ sabbampi pahātabbaṃ hotīti .

Evaṃ ye maggo kilese pajahati , te sandhāya ‘‘ uppannānan ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

AthaV1.147 maggakkhaṇe kathaṃ anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ uppādāya bhāvanā hoti , kathañca uppannānaṃ ṭhitiyāti ?

Maggappavattiyā eva .

Maggo hi pavattamāno pubbe anuppannapubbattā anuppanno nāma vuccati .

Anāgatapubbañhi ṭhānaṃ āgantvā ananubhūtapubbaṃ vā ārammaṇaṃ anubhavitvā vattāro bhavanti ‘‘ anāgataṭṭhānaṃ āgatamha , ananubhūtaṃ ārammaṇaṃ anubhavāmā ’’ ti .

Yāvassa pavatti , ayameva ṭhiti nāmāti ṭhitiyā bhāvetītipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati .

Evametassa bhikkhuno idaṃ lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe ekameva vīriyaṃ ‘‘ anuppannānaṃM1.161 pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāyā ’’ tiādīni cattāri nāmāni labhati .

Ayaṃ lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe sammappadhānakathā .

Evamettha lokiyalokuttaramissakā sammappadhānā niddiṭṭhāti .

SammāsatiniddeseP1.174 kāyeti rūpakāye .

Rūpakāyo hi idha aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ kesādīnañca dhammānaṃ samūhaṭṭhena hatthikāyarathakāyādayo viya kāyoti adhippeto .

Yathā ca samūhaṭṭhena , evaṃ kucchitānaṃ āyaṭṭhena .

Kucchitānañhi paramajegucchānaṃ so āyotipi kāyo .

Āyoti uppattideso .

Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho – āyanti tatoti āyo .

Ke āyanti ?

Kucchitā kesādayo .

Iti kucchitānaṃ āyoti kāyo .

Kāyānupassīti kāyaṃ anupassanasīlo , kāyaṃ vā anupassamāno .

Kāyeti ca vatvāpi puna kāyānupassīti dutiyaṃ kāyaggahaṇaṃ asammissato vavatthānaghanavinibbhogādidassanatthaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ .

Tena na kāye vedanānupassī cittadhammānupassī vā , atha kho kāyānupassīyevāti kāyasaṅkhāte vatthusmiṃ kāyānupassanākārasseva dassanena asammissato vavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti .

Tathā na kāye aṅgapaccaṅgavinimuttaekadhammānupassī , nāpi kesalomādivinimuttaitthipurisānupassī .

Yopi cettha kesalomādiko bhūtupādāyasamūhasaṅkhāto kāyo , tatthāpi na bhūtupādāyavinimuttaekadhammānupassī , atha kho rathasambhārānupassako viya aṅgapaccaṅgasamūhānupassī , nagarāvayavānupassako viya kesalomādisamūhānupassī , kadalikkhandhapattavaṭṭivinibhujjako viya rittamuṭṭhiviniveṭhako viya ca bhūtupādāyasamūhānupassīyevāti samūhavaseneva kāyasaṅkhātassa vatthuno nānappakārato dassanena ghanavinibbhogo dassito hoti .

Na hettha yathāvuttasamūhavinimutto kāyo vā itthī vā puriso vā añño vā koci dhammo dissati , yathāvuttadhammasamūhamatteyeva pana tathā tathā sattā micchābhinivesaṃ karonti .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ YaṃV1.148 passati na taṃ diṭṭhaṃ , yaṃ diṭṭhaṃ taṃ na passati ;

Apassaṃ bajjhate mūḷho , bajjhamāno na muccatī ’’ ti .

GhanavinibbhogādidassanatthantiM1.162 vuttaṃ .

Ādisaddena cettha ayampi attho veditabbo – ayañhi etasmiṃ kāye kāyānupassīyeva , na aññadhammānupassī .

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?

Yathā anudakabhūtāyapi marīciyā udakānupassino honti , na evaṃ aniccadukkhānattāsubhabhūteyeva imasmiṃ kāye niccasukhattasubhabhāvānupassī , atha kho kāyānupassīP1.175

Aniccadukkhānattāsubhākārasamūhānupassīyevāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Atha vā yvāyaṃ mahāsatipaṭṭhāne ‘‘ idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā … pe … so satova assasatī ’’ tiādinā ( dī . ni .2.374; ma . ni .1.107) nayena assāsapassāsādi cuṇṇakajātaaṭṭhikapariyosāno kāyo vutto , yo ca parato satipaṭṭhānakathāyaṃ ‘‘ idhekacco pathavīkāyaṃ aniccato anupassati , āpokāyaṃ , tejokāyaṃ , vāyokāyaṃ , kesakāyaṃ , lomakāyaṃ , chavikāyaṃ , cammakāyaṃ , maṃsakāyaṃ , ruhirakāyaṃ , nhārukāyaṃ , aṭṭhikāyaṃ , aṭṭhimiñjakāyan ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .3.35) kāyo vutto , tassa sabbassa imasmiṃyeva kāye anupassanato kāye kāyānupassīti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo .

Atha vā kāye ahanti vā mamanti vā evaṃ gahetabbassa kassaci ananupassanato tassa tasseva pana kesalomādikassa nānādhammasamūhassa anupassanato kāye kesādidhammasamūhasaṅkhātakāyānupassīti evamattho daṭṭhabbo .

Apica ‘‘ imasmiṃ kāye aniccato anupassati , no niccato ’’ tiādinā anukkamena parato āgatanayassa sabbasseva aniccalakkhaṇādino ākārasamūhasaṅkhātassa kāyassa anupassanatopi kāye kāyānupassīti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo .

Ayaṃ pana catusatipaṭṭhānasādhāraṇo attho .

Kāye kāyānupassīti assāsapassāsakāyādike bahudhā vutte kāye ekekakāyānupassī .

Viharatīti catūsu iriyāpathavihāresu aññataravihārasamāyogaparidīpanametaṃ , ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā apatamānaṃ attānaṃ harati pavattetīti attho .

Ātāpīti kāyapariggāhakavīriyasamāyogaparidīpanametaṃ .

So hi yasmā tasmiṃ samaye yaṃ taṃ vīriyaṃ tīsu bhavesu kilesānaṃ ātāpanato ātāpoti vuccati , tena samannāgato hotiM1.163 , tasmā ‘‘ ātāpī ’’ ti vuccati .

Sampajānoti kāyapariggāhakena sampajaññasaṅkhātena ñāṇena samannāgato .

Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato .

Ayaṃ pana yasmā satiyā ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvāV1.149 paññāya anupassatiP1.176 .

Na hi sativirahitassa anupassanā nāma atthi .

Tenevāha –

‘‘ satiñca khvāhaṃ , bhikkhave , sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.234).

Tasmā ettha ‘‘ kāye kāyānupassī viharatī ’’ ti ettāvatā kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānakammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ hoti .

Atha vā yasmā anātāpino antosaṅkhepo antarāyakaro hoti , asampajāno upāyapariggahe anupāyaparivajjane ca sammuyhati , muṭṭhassati upāyāpariccāge anupāyāpariggahe ca asamattho hoti , tenassa taṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati , tasmā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ānubhāvena taṃ sampajjati , tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ ātāpī sampajāno satimā ’’ ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Iti kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ sampayogaṅgañca dassetvā idāni pahānaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassan ti vuttaṃ .

Tattha vineyyāti tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā vinayitvā .

Loketi yvāyaṃ kāyo pubbe pariggahito , sveva idha lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena loko nāma .

Tasmiṃ loke abhijjhaṃ domanassañca pajahitvāti attho .

Yasmā panassa na kāyamatteyeva abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīyati , vedanādīsupi pahīyatiyeva , tasmā ‘‘ pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko ’’ ti ( vibha .362) vibhaṅge vuttaṃ .

Lokasaṅkhātattāyeva tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthuddhāravasenetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Yaṃ panāha –

‘‘ tattha katamo loko ( vibha .538), sveva kāyo loko ’’ ti ayamevettha attho .

Abhijjhādomanassanti ca samāsetvā vuttaṃ .

Saṃyuttaṅguttarapāṭhantaresu pana visuṃ katvā paṭhanti .

Sā pana abhijjhāyanti patthayanti etāya , sayaṃ vā abhijjhāyati , abhijjhāyanamattameva vā esāti abhijjhā .

Yasmā panettha abhijjhāgahaṇena kāmacchando , domanassagahaṇena byāpādo saṅgahaṃ gacchati , tasmā nīvaraṇapariyāpannabalavadhammadvayadassanena nīvaraṇappahānaṃ vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ .

VisesenaM1.164 panettha abhijjhāvinayena kāyasampattimūlakassa anurodhassa , domanassavinayena kāyavipattimūlakassa virodhassa , abhijjhāvinayena ca kāye abhiratiyā , domanassavinayena kāyabhāvanāyaP1.177 anabhiratiyā , abhijjhāvinayena kāye abhūtānaṃ subhasukhabhāvādīnaṃ pakkhepassa , domanassavinayena kāye bhūtānaṃ asubhāsukhabhāvādīnaṃ apanayanassa pahānaṃ vuttaṃ .

Tena yogāvacarassa yogānubhāvo yogasamatthatā ca dīpitā hoti .

Yogānubhāvo hi esa , yadayaṃ anurodhavirodhavippamutto aratiratisaho abhūtapakkhepabhūtāpanayanavirahito ca hoti .

Anurodhavirodhavippamutto cesa aratiratisaho abhūtaṃ apakkhipanto bhūtañca anapanento yogasamattho hotīti .

AparoV1.150 nayo –

‘‘ kāye kāyānupassī ’’ ti ettha anupassanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ .

‘‘ Viharatī ’’ ti ettha vuttavihārena kammaṭṭhānikassa kāyapariharaṇaṃ .

‘‘ Ātāpī ’’ tiādīsu ātāpena sammappadhānaṃ , satisampajaññena sabbatthakakammaṭṭhānaṃ , kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇūpāyo vā .

Satiyā vā kāyānupassanāvasena paṭiladdhasamatho , sampajaññena vipassanā , abhijjhādomanassavinayena bhāvanāphalaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Vedanāsu vedanānupassītiādīsu ca vedanādīnaṃ puna vacane payojanaṃ kāyānupassanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva yathāyogaṃ yojetvā veditabbaṃ .

Ayaṃ pana asādhāraṇattho – sukhādīsu anekappabhedāsu vedanāsu visuṃ visuṃ aniccādito ekekavedanānupassīti , sarāgādike soḷasappabhede citte visuṃ visuṃ aniccādito ekekacittānupassīti , kāyavedanācittāni ṭhapetvā sesatebhūmakadhammesu visuṃ visuṃ aniccādito ekekadhammānupassīti , satipaṭṭhānasuttante ( dī . ni .2.382; ma . ni .1.115) vuttanayena nīvaraṇādidhammānupassīti vā .

Ettha ca ‘‘ kāye ’’ ti ekavacanaṃ sarīrassa ekattā ,‘‘ citte ’’ ti ekavacanaṃ cittassa sabhāvabhedābhāvato jātiggahaṇena katanti veditabbaṃ .

Yathā ca vedanādayo anupassitabbā , tathā anupassanto vedanāsu vedanānupassī , citte cittānupassī , dhammesu dhammānupassīti veditabbo .

Kathaṃ tāva vedanā anupassitabbā ?

SukhāM1.165 tāva vedanā dukkhato , dukkhā vedanā sallato , adukkhamasukhā vedanā aniccato anupassitabbā .

Yathāha –

‘‘ YoP1.178 sukhaṃ dukkhato adda , dukkhamaddakkhi sallato ;

Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ , addakkhi naṃ aniccato ;

Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu , parijānāti vedanā ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .4.253);

Sabbā eva cetā dukkhatopi anupassitabbā .

Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ yaṃkiñci vedayitaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.259).

Sukhadukkhatopi ca anupassitabbā .

Yathāha –

‘‘ sukhā vedanā ṭhitisukhā vipariṇāmadukkhā .

Dukkhā vedanā ṭhitidukkhā vipariṇāmasukhā .

Adukkhamasukhā vedanā ñāṇasukhā aññāṇadukkhā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.465).

Apica aniccādisattaanupassanāvasenāpi anupassitabbā .

Cittadhammesupi cittaṃ tāva ārammaṇādhipatisahajātabhūmikammavipākakiriyādinānattabhedānaṃ aniccādisattaanupassanānaṃV1.151 sarāgādisoḷasabhedānañca vasena anupassitabbaṃ , dhammā salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇānaṃ suññatādhammassa aniccādisattaanupassanānaṃ santāsantādīnañca vasena anupassitabbā .

Kāmañcettha yassa kāyasaṅkhāte loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīnaṃ , tassa vedanādilokesupi taṃ pahīnameva , nānāpuggalavasena pana nānākkhaṇikasatipaṭṭhānabhāvanāvasena ca sabbattha vuttaṃ .

Yato vā ekattha pahīnaṃ , sesesupi pahīnaṃ hoti .

Tenevassa tattha pahānadassanatthampi evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Iti ime cattāro satipaṭṭhānā pubbabhāge nānācittesu labbhanti .

Aññeneva hi cittena kāyaṃ pariggaṇhāti , aññena vedanaṃ , aññena cittaṃ , aññena dhamme pariggaṇhāti .

Lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhanti .

Ādito hi kāyaṃ pariggaṇhitvā āgatassa vipassanāsampayuttā sati kāyānupassanā nāma , tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo kāyānupassī nāma .

Vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā ariyamaggaṃ pattassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayuttā sati kāyānupassanā nāma , tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo kāyānupassī nāma .

Vedanaṃ pariggaṇhitvā cittaṃ pariggaṇhitvā dhamme pariggaṇhitvā āgatassa vipassanāsampayuttā satiM1.166 dhammānupassanāP1.179 nāma , tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo dhammānupassī nāma .

Vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā ariyamaggaṃ pattassa maggakkhaṇe maggasampayuttā sati dhammānupassanā nāma , tāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo dhammānupassī nāma .

Evaṃ tāva desanā puggale tiṭṭhati .

Kāye pana ‘‘ subhan ’’ ti vipallāsappahānā kāyapariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti kāyānupassanā nāma .

Vedanāya ‘‘ sukhā ’’ ti vipallāsappahānā vedanāpariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti vedanānupassanā nāma .

Citte ‘‘ niccan ’’ ti vipallāsappahānā cittapariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti cittānupassanā nāma .

Dhammesu ‘‘ attā ’’ ti vipallāsappahānā dhammapariggāhikā sati maggena samijjhatīti dhammānupassanā nāma .

Iti ekāva maggasampayuttā sati catukiccasādhakattena cattāri nāmāni labhati .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe pana ekacitteyeva labbhantī ’’ ti .

Sammāsamādhiniddese vivicceva kāmehīti kāmehi viviccitvā vinā hutvā apakkamitvā .

Yo panāyamettha evakāro , so niyamatthoti veditabbo .

Yasmā ca niyamattho , tasmā paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharaṇasamaye avijjamānānampi kāmānaṃ tassa paṭhamajjhānassa paṭipakkhabhāvaṃ kāmapariccāgeneva cassa adhigamaṃ dīpeti .

Kathaṃ ?

‘‘ Vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti evañhi niyame kayiramāne idaṃ paññāyati – nūnimassa jhānassa kāmā paṭipakkhabhūtā , yesu satiV1.152 idaṃ na pavattati , andhakāre sati padīpobhāso viya , tesaṃ pariccāgeneva cassa adhigamo hoti orimatīrapariccāgena pārimatīrassa viya .

Tasmā niyamaṃ karotīti .

Tattha siyā , kasmā panesa pubbapadeyeva vutto , na uttarapade , kiṃ akusalehi dhammehi aviviccāpi jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyyāti ?

Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Taṃnissaraṇato hi pubbapade esa vutto .

Kāmadhātusamatikkamanato hi kāmarāgapaṭipakkhato ca idaṃ jhānaṃ kāmānameva nissaraṇaṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhamman ’’ tiP1.180 ( itivu .72).

Uttarapadepi pana yathā ‘‘ idheva , bhikkhave , samaṇo , idha dutiyo samaṇo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.139; a . ni .4.241) ettha evakāro ānetvā vuccati , evaṃ vattabbo .

Na hi sakkā ito aññehipi nīvaraṇasaṅkhātehi akusalehi dhammehi avivicca jhānaṃ upasampajja viharituṃ .

Tasmā ‘‘ vivicceva kāmehi vivicceva akusalehiM1.167 dhammehī ’’ ti evaṃ padadvayepi esa daṭṭhabbo .

Padadvayepi ca kiñcāpi viviccāti iminā sādhāraṇavacanena tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavivekā cittakāyaupadhivivekā ca saṅgahaṃ gacchanti , tathāpi pubbabhāge kāyavivekacittavivekavikkhambhanavivekā daṭṭhabbā , lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe kāyavivekacittavivekasamucchedavivekapaṭippassaddhivivekanissaraṇavivekā .

Kāmehīti iminā pana padena ye ca mahāniddese ‘‘ katame vatthukāmā manāpikā rūpā ’’ tiādinā ( mahāni .1) nayena vatthukāmā vuttā , ye ca tattheva vibhaṅge ca ‘‘ chando kāmo , rāgo kāmo , chandarāgo kāmo , saṅkappo kāmo , rāgo kāmo , saṅkapparāgo kāmo ’’ ti ( mahāni .1; vibha .564) evaṃ kilesakāmā vuttā , te sabbepi saṅgahitā icceva daṭṭhabbā .

Evañhi sati vivicceva kāmehīti vatthukāmehipi viviccevāti attho yujjati .

Tena kāyaviveko vutto hoti .

Vivicca akusalehi dhammehīti kilesakāmehi sabbākusalehi vā viviccāti attho yujjati .

Tena cittaviveko vutto hoti .

Purimena cettha vatthukāmehi vivekavacanato eva kāmasukhapariccāgo , dutiyena kilesakāmehi vivekavacanato nekkhammasukhapariggaho vibhāvito hoti .

Evaṃ vatthukāmakilesakāmavivekavacanatoyeva ca etesaṃ paṭhamena saṃkilesavatthuppahānaṃ , dutiyena saṃkilesappahānaṃ .

Paṭhamena lolabhāvassa hetupariccāgo , dutiyena bālabhāvassa .

Paṭhamena ca payogasuddhi , dutiyena āsayaposanaṃ vibhāvitaṃ hotīti viññātabbaṃ .

Esa tāva nayo kāmehīti ettha vuttakāmesu vatthukāmapakkhe .

KilesakāmapakkheV1.153 pana chandoti ca rāgoti ca evamādīhi anekabhedo kāmacchandova kāmoti adhippeto .

So ca akusalapariyāpannopi samāno ‘‘ tattha katame kāmā , chando kāmo ’’ tiādinā ( vibha .564) nayena vibhaṅge upari jhānaṅgapaṭipakkhatoP1.181 visuṃ vutto , kilesakāmattā vā purimapade vutto , akusalapariyāpannattā dutiyapade .

Anekabhedato cassa kāmatoti avatvā kāmehīti vuttaṃ .

AññesampiM1.168 ca dhammānaṃ akusalabhāve vijjamāne ‘‘ tattha katame akusalā dhammā , kāmacchando ’’ tiādinā ( vibha .564) nayena vibhaṅge upari jhānaṅgapaccanīkapaṭipakkhabhāvadassanato nīvaraṇāneva vuttāni .

Nīvaraṇāni hi jhānaṅgapaccanīkāni , tesaṃ jhānaṅgāneva paṭipakkhāni viddhaṃsakāni vināsakānīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tathā hi ‘‘ samādhi kāmacchandassa paṭipakkho , pīti byāpādassa , vitakko thinamiddhassa , sukhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccassa , vicāro vicikicchāyā ’’ ti peṭake vuttaṃ .

Evamettha ‘‘ vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti iminā kāmacchandassa vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hoti .

‘‘ Vivicca akusalehi dhammehī ’’ ti iminā pañcannampi nīvaraṇānaṃ .

Agahitaggahaṇena pana paṭhamena kāmacchandassa , dutiyena sesanīvaraṇānaṃ .

Tathā paṭhamena tīsu akusalamūlesu pañcakāmaguṇabhedavisayassa lobhassa , dutiyena āghātavatthubhedādivisayānaṃ dosamohānaṃ .

Oghādīsu vā dhammesu paṭhamena kāmoghakāmayogakāmāsavakāmupādānaabhijjhākāyagantha kāmarāgasaññojanānaṃ , dutiyena avasesaoghayogāsavaupādānaganthasaṃyojanānaṃ .

Paṭhamena taṇhāya taṃsampayuttakānañca , dutiyena avijjāya taṃsampayuttakānañca .

Apica paṭhamena lobhasampayuttaaṭṭhacittuppādānaṃ , dutiyena sesānaṃ catunnaṃ akusalacittuppādānaṃ vikkhambhanaviveko vutto hotīti veditabbo .

Ettāvatā ca paṭhamassa jhānassa pahānaṅgaṃ dassetvā idāni sampayogaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ savitakkaṃ savicāran tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha ārammaṇe cittassa abhiniropanalakkhaṇo vitakko .

Ārammaṇānumajjanalakkhaṇo vicāro .

Santepi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge oḷārikaṭṭhena pubbaṅgamaṭṭhena ca ghaṇḍābhighāto viya cetaso paṭhamābhinipāto vitakko , sukhumaṭṭhena anumajjanasabhāvena ca ghaṇḍānuravo viya anuppabandho vicāro .

Vipphāravā cettha vitakko paṭhamuppattikāle paripphandanabhūto cittassa , ākāse uppatitukāmassa pakkhino pakkhavikkhepo viya , padumābhimukhapāto viya ca gandhānubandhacetaso bhamarassa .

Santavutti vicāroP1.182 nātiparipphandanabhūto cittassa , ākāse uppatitassa pakkhino pakkhappasāraṇaṃ viya , paribbhamanaṃ viya ca padumābhimukhapatitassa bhamarassa padumassa uparibhāge .

DukanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃM1.169V1.154 pana ‘‘ ākāse gacchato mahāsakuṇassa ubhohi pakkhehi vātaṃ gahetvā pakkhe sannisīdāpetvā gamanaṃ viya ārammaṇe cetaso abhiniropanabhāvena pavatto vitakko , vātaggahaṇatthaṃ pakkhe phandāpayamānassa gamanaṃ viya anumajjanabhāvena pavatto vicāro ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Taṃ anuppabandhena pavattiyaṃ yujjati .

So pana tesaṃ viseso paṭhamadutiyajjhānesu pākaṭo hoti .

Apica malaggahitaṃ kaṃsabhājanaṃ ekena hatthena daḷhaṃ gahetvā itarena hatthena cuṇṇatelavālaṇḍupakena parimajjantassa daḷhaggahaṇahattho viya vitakko , parimajjanahattho viya vicāro .

Tathā kumbhakārassa daṇḍappahārena cakkaṃ bhamayitvā bhājanaṃ karontassa uppīḷanahattho viya vitakko , ito cito ca saṃsaraṇahattho viya vicāro .

Tathā maṇḍalaṃ karontassa majjhe sannirujjhitvā ṭhitakaṇṭako viya abhiniropano vitakko , bahi paribbhamanakaṇṭako viya anumajjano vicāro .

Iti iminā ca vitakkena iminā ca vicārena saha vattati rukkho viya pupphena phalena cāti idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘ savitakkaṃ savicāran ’’ ti vuccati .

Vivekajan ti ettha vivitti viveko , nīvaraṇavigamoti attho .

Vivittoti vā viveko , nīvaraṇavivitto jhānasampayuttadhammarāsīti attho .

Tasmā vivekā , tasmiṃ vā viveke jātanti vivekajaṃ .

Pītisukhan ti ettha pīṇayatīti pīti , sā sampiyāyanalakkhaṇā .

Sā panesā khuddikā pīti , khaṇikā pīti , okkantikā pīti , ubbegā pīti , pharaṇā pītīti pañcavidhā hoti .

Tattha khuddikā pīti sarīre lomahaṃsanamattameva kātuṃ sakkoti .

Khaṇikā pīti khaṇe khaṇe vijjuppādasadisā hoti .

Okkantikā pīti samuddatīraṃ vīci viya kāyaṃ okkamitvā okkamitvā bhijjati .

Ubbegā pīti balavatī hoti kāyaṃ uddhaggaṃ katvā ākāse laṅghāpanappamāṇappattā .

Pharaṇā pīti atibalavatī hoti .

Tāya hi uppannāya sakalasarīraṃ dhamitvā pūritavatthi viyaP1.183 mahatā udakoghena pakkhandapabbatakucchi viya ca anupariphuṭaṃ hoti .

Sā panesā pañcavidhā pīti gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidhaṃ passaddhiṃ paripūreti kāyapassaddhiñca cittapassaddhiñca .

Passaddhi gabbhaṃ gaṇhantī paripākaṃ gacchantī duvidhampi sukhaṃ paripūreti kāyikañca cetasikañca .

SukhaṃM1.170 gabbhaṃ gaṇhantaṃ paripākaṃ gacchantaṃ tividhaṃ samādhiṃ paripūreti – khaṇikasamādhiṃ , upacārasamādhiṃ , appanāsamādhiñcāti .

Tāsu ca yā appanāsamādhissa mūlaṃ hutvā vaḍḍhamānā samādhisampayogaṃ gatā pharaṇā pīti , ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā pītīti .

ItaraṃV1.155 pana sukhayatīti sukhaṃ , yassuppajjati , taṃ sukhitaṃ karotīti attho .

Sukhanaṃ vā sukhaṃ , suṭṭhu vā khādati , khaṇati ca kāyacittābādhanti sukhaṃ , somanassavedanāyetaṃ nāmaṃ .

Taṃ sātalakkhaṇaṃ .

Santepi ca nesaṃ katthaci avippayoge iṭṭhārammaṇapaṭilābhatuṭṭhi pīti , paṭiladdharasānubhavanaṃ sukhaṃ .

Yattha pīti , tattha sukhaṃ .

Yattha sukhaṃ , tattha na niyamato pīti .

Saṅkhārakkhandhasaṅgahitā pīti , vedanākkhandhasaṅgahitaṃ sukhaṃ .

Kantārakhinnassa vanantudakadassanasavanesu viya pīti , vanacchāyāpavesanaudakaparibhogesu viya sukhaṃ .

Tasmiṃ tasmiṃ samaye pākaṭabhāvato cetaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Iti ayañca pīti idañca sukhaṃ assa jhānassa , asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti idaṃ jhānaṃ ‘‘ pītisukhan ’’ ti vuccati .

Atha vā pīti ca sukhañca pītisukhaṃ dhammavinayādayo viya .

Vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ assa jhānassa , asmiṃ vā jhāne atthīti evampi vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ .

Yatheva hi jhānaṃ , evaṃ pītisukhampettha vivekajameva hoti .

Tañcassa atthīti tasmā alopasamāsaṃ katvā ekapadeneva ‘‘ vivekajaṃpītisukhan ’’ tipi vattuṃ yujjati .

Paṭhaman ti gaṇanānupubbatā paṭhamaṃ , paṭhamaṃ uppannantipi paṭhamaṃ .

Jhānan ti duvidhaṃ jhānaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānañca lakkhaṇūpanijjhānañca .

Tattha aṭṭha samāpattiyo pathavīkasiṇādiārammaṇaṃ upanijjhāyantīti ‘‘ ārammaṇūpanijjhānan ’’ ti saṅkhyaṃ gatā .

Vipassanāmaggaphalāni pana lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃP1.184 nāma .

Tattha vipassanā aniccādilakkhaṇassa upanijjhānato lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ , vipassanāya katakiccassa maggena ijjhanato maggo lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ , phalaṃ pana nirodhasaccaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ upanijjhāyatīti lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ .

Tesu idha pubbabhāge ārammaṇūpanijjhānaṃ , lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe lakkhaṇūpanijjhānaṃ adhippetaṃ , tasmā ārammaṇūpanijjhānato lakkhaṇūpanijjhānato paccanīkajjhāpanato ca ‘‘ jhānan ’’ ti veditabbaṃ .

Upasampajjāti upagantvā , pāpuṇitvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Upasampādayitvā vā , nipphādetvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Viharatīti tadanurūpena iriyāpathavihārena iriyati , vuttappakārajhānasamaṅgī hutvā attabhāvassa vuttiṃ abhinipphādeti .

VitakkavicārānaṃM1.171 vūpasamāti ettha vitakkassa ca vicārassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ vūpasamā samatikkamā , dutiyajjhānakkhaṇe apātubhāvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tattha kiñcāpi dutiyajjhāne sabbepi paṭhamajjhānadhammā na santi , aññeyeva hi paṭhamajjhāne phassādayo , aññe idhāti .

Oḷārikassa pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ adhigamo hotīti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ’’ ti evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃV1.156 .

Ajjhattan ti idha niyakajjhattaṃ adhippetaṃ , tasmā attani jātaṃ , attasantāne nibbattanti attho .

Sampasādanan ti sampasādanaṃ vuccati saddhā .

Sampasādanayogato jhānampi sampasādanaṃ nīlavaṇṇayogato nīlavatthaṃ viya .

Yasmā vā taṃ jhānaṃ sampasādanasamannāgatattā vitakkavicārakkhobhavūpasamanena ca ceto sampasādayati , tasmāpi sampasādananti vuttaṃ .

Imasmiñca atthavikappe sampasādanaṃ cetasoti evaṃ padasambandho veditabbo , purimasmiṃ pana atthavikappe cetasoti etaṃ ekodibhāvena saddhiṃ yojetabbaṃ .

Tatrāyaṃ atthayojanā – eko udetīti ekodi , vitakkavicārehi anajjhārūḷhattā aggo seṭṭho hutvā udetīti attho .

Seṭṭhopi hi loke ekoti vuccati .

Vitakkavicāravirahito vā eko asahāyo hutvā itipi vattuṃ vaṭṭati .

Atha vā sampayuttadhamme udāyatīti udi , uṭṭhapetīti attho .

Seṭṭhaṭṭhena eko ca soP1.185 udi cāti ekodi .

Samādhissetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Iti imaṃ ekodiṃ bhāveti vaḍḍhetīti idaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ ekodibhāvaṃ .

So panāyaṃ ekodi yasmā cetaso , na sattassa na jīvassa .

Tasmā etaṃ ‘‘ cetaso ekodibhāvan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Nanu cāyaṃ saddhā paṭhamajjhānepi atthi , ayañca ekodināmako samādhi .

Atha kasmā idameva ‘‘ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvan ’’ ti ca vuttanti ?

Vuccate – aduñhi paṭhamajjhānaṃ vitakkavicārakkhobhena vīcitaraṅgasamākulamiva jalaṃ na suppasannaṃ hoti , tasmā satiyāpi saddhāya ‘‘ sampasādanan ’’ ti na vuttaṃ .

Na suppasannattāyeva cettha samādhipi na suṭṭhu pākaṭo .

Tasmā ‘‘ ekodibhāvan ’’ tipi na vuttaṃ .

Imasmiṃ pana jhāne vitakkavicārapalibodhābhāvena laddhokāsā balavatī saddhā , balavasaddhāsahāyapaṭilābheneva ca samādhipi pākaṭo , tasmā idameva evaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

AvitakkaṃM1.172 avicāran ti bhāvanāya pahīnattā etasmiṃ , etassa vā vitakko natthīti avitakkaṃ .

Imināva nayena avicāraṃ .

Etthāha –

‘‘ nanu ca ‘ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ’ ti imināpi ayamattho siddho .

Atha kasmā puna vuttaṃ ‘ avitakkaṃ avicāran ’ ti ’’?

Vuccate – evametaṃ , siddhovāyamattho , na panetaṃ tadatthadīpakaṃ , nanu avocumha ‘‘ oḷārikassaV1.157 pana oḷārikassa aṅgassa samatikkamā paṭhamajjhānato paresaṃ dutiyajjhānādīnaṃ samadhigamo hotīti dassanatthaṃ vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti evaṃ vuttan ’’ ti .

Apica vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ sampasādanaṃ , na kilesakālussiyassa .

Vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā ekodibhāvaṃ , na upacārajjhānamiva nīvaraṇappahānā , na paṭhamajjhānamiva ca aṅgapātubhāvāti evaṃ sampasādanaekodibhāvānaṃ hetuparidīpakamidaṃ vacanaṃ .

Tathā vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā idaṃ avitakkaavicāraṃ , na tatiyacatutthajjhānāni viya cakkhuviññāṇādīni viya ca abhāvāti evaṃ avitakkaavicārabhāvassa hetuparidīpakañca .

Na vitakkavicārābhāvamattaparidīpakaṃ , vitakkavicārābhāvamattaparidīpakamevaP1.186 pana ‘‘ avitakkaṃ avicāran ’’ ti idaṃ vacanaṃ .

Tasmā purimaṃ vatvāpi puna vattabbamevāti .

Samādhijan ti paṭhamajjhānasamādhito , sampayuttasamādhito vā jātanti attho .

Tattha kiñcāpi paṭhamajjhānampi sampayuttasamādhito jātaṃ , atha kho ayameva samādhi ‘‘ samādhī ’’ ti vattabbataṃ arahati vitakkavicārakkhobhavirahena ativiya acalattā suppasannattā ca .

Tasmā imassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ idameva ‘‘ samādhijan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Pītisukhan ti idaṃ vuttanayameva .

Dutiyan ti gaṇanānupubbatā dutiyaṃ , idaṃ dutiyaṃ uppannantipi dutiyaṃ .

Pītiyā ca virāgāti virāgo nāma vuttappakārāya pītiyā jigucchanaṃ vā samatikkamo vā , ubhinnaṃ pana antarā casaddo sampiṇḍanattho , so vūpasamaṃ vā sampiṇḍeti vitakkavicāravūpasamaṃ vā .

Tattha yadā vūpasamameva sampiṇḍeti , tadā pītiyā virāgā ca , kiñca bhiyyo vūpasamā cāti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā .

Imissā ca yojanāya virāgo jigucchanattho hoti , tasmā pītiyā jigucchanā ca samatikkamā cāti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo .

Yadā pana vitakkavicāravūpasamaṃ sampiṇḍeti , tadā pītiyā ca virāgā , kiñca bhiyyo vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamāti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā .

Imissā ca yojanāya virāgo samatikkamanattho hoti , tasmā pītiyā ca samatikkamā , vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamāti ayamattho daṭṭhabbo .

KāmañceteM1.173 vitakkavicārā dutiyajjhāneyeva vūpasantā , imassa pana jhānassa maggaparidīpanatthaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthañcetaṃ vuttaṃ .

Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamāti hi vutte idaṃ paññāyati ‘‘ nūna vitakkavicāravūpasamo maggo imassa jhānassā ’’ ti .

Yathā ca tatiye ariyamaggeV1.158 appahīnānampi sakkāyadiṭṭhādīnaṃ ‘‘ pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.373; ma . ni .2.133; saṃ . ni .5.184; a . ni .3.88) evaṃ pahānaṃ vuccamānaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti , tadadhigamāya ussukkānaṃ ussāhajanakaṃ , evameva idha avūpasantānampi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamo vuccamāno vaṇṇabhaṇanaṃ hoti .

Tenāyamattho vutto ‘‘ pītiyā ca samatikkamā vitakkavicārānañca vūpasamā ’’ ti .

Upekkhako ca viharatīti ettha upapattito ikkhatīti upekkhāP1.187 , samaṃ passati apakkhapatitā hutvā passatīti attho .

Tāya visadāya vipulāya thāmagatāya samannāgatattā tatiyajjhānasamaṅgī ‘‘ upekkhako ’’ ti vuccati .

Upekkhā pana dasavidhā hoti chaḷaṅgupekkhā brahmavihārupekkhā bojjhaṅgupekkhā vīriyupekkhā saṅkhārupekkhā vedanupekkhā vipassanupekkhā tatramajjhattupekkhā jhānupekkhā pārisuddhupekkhāti .

Tattha yā ‘‘ idha , bhikkhave , khīṇāsavo bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā neva sumano hoti na dummano , upekkhako ca viharati sato sampajāno ’’ ti ( a . ni .6.1) evamāgatā khīṇāsavassa chasu dvāresu iṭṭhāniṭṭhachaḷārammaṇāpāthe parisuddhapakatibhāvāvijahanākārabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ chaḷaṅgupekkhā nāma .

Yā pana ‘‘ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.556; ma . ni .1.77) evamāgatā sattesu majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ brahmavihārupekkhā nāma .

Yā pana ‘‘ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitan ’’ ti ( ma . ni .2.247) evamāgatā sahajātadhammānaṃ majjhattākārabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ bojjhaṅgupekkhā nāma .

YāM1.174 pana ‘‘ kālena kālaṃ upekkhānimittaṃ manasikarotī ’’ ti ( a . ni .3.103) evamāgatā anaccāraddhanātisithilavīriyasaṅkhātā upekkhā , ayaṃ vīriyupekkhā nāma .

Yā pana ‘‘ kati saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti , kati saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasenaV1.159 uppajjanti ?

Aṭṭha saṅkhārupekkhā samathavasena uppajjanti , dasa saṅkhārupekkhā vipassanāvasena uppajjantī ’’ ti ( paṭi . ma .1.57) evamāgatā nīvaraṇādipaṭisaṅkhāsantiṭṭhanāgahaṇe majjhattabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā nāma .

Yā pana ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti upekkhāsahagatan ’’ ti ( dha . sa .150) evamāgatā adukkhamasukhasaññitā upekkhā , ayaṃ vedanupekkhā nāma .

Yā ‘‘ yadatthi yaṃ bhūtaṃ , taṃ pajahati , upekkhaṃ paṭilabhatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.71; a . ni .7.55) evamāgatā vicinane majjhattabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ vipassanupekkhā nāma .

Yā pana chandādīsu yevāpanakesu āgatā sahajātānaṃ samavāhitabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhā nāma .

Yā pana ‘‘ upekkhako ca viharatī ’’ ti ( dha . sa .163; dī . ni .1.230) evamāgatā aggasukhepi tasmiṃ apakkhapātajananī upekkhā , ayaṃ jhānupekkhā nāma .

Yā pana ‘‘ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānan ’’ ti ( dha . sa .165; dī . ni .1.232) evamāgatā sabbapaccanīkaparisuddhā paccanīkavūpasamanepi abyāpārabhūtā upekkhā , ayaṃ pārisuddhupekkhā nāma .

TatthaP1.188 chaḷaṅgupekkhā ca brahmavihārupekkhā ca bojjhaṅgupekkhā ca tatramajjhattupekkhā ca jhānupekkhā ca pārisuddhupekkhā ca atthato ekā , tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti .

Tena tena avatthābhedena panassāyaṃ bhedo .

Ekassāpi sato sattassa kumārayuvattherasenāpatirājādivasena bhedo viya , tasmā tāsu yattha chaḷaṅgupekkhā , na tattha bojjhaṅgupekkhādayo .

Yattha vā pana bojjhaṅgupekkhā , na tattha chaḷaṅgupekkhādayo hontīti veditabbā .

YathāM1.175 cetāsaṃ atthato ekībhāvo , evaṃ saṅkhārupekkhāvipassanupekkhānampi .

Paññā eva hi sā , kiccavasena dvidhā bhinnā .

Yathā hi purisassa sāyaṃ gehaṃ paviṭṭhaṃ sappaṃ ajapadadaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pariyesamānassa taṃ thusakoṭṭhake nipannaṃ disvā ‘‘ sappo nu kho , no ’’ ti avalokentassa sovatthikattayaṃV1.160 disvā nibbematikassa ‘‘ sappo , na sappo ’’ ti vicinane majjhattatā uppajjati , evameva yā āraddhavipassakassa vipassanāñāṇena lakkhaṇattaye diṭṭhe saṅkhārānaṃ aniccabhāvādivicinane majjhattatā uppajjati , ayaṃ vipassanupekkhā .

Yathā pana tassa purisassa ajapadadaṇḍena gāḷhaṃ sappaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ kintāhaṃ imaṃ sappaṃ aviheṭhento attānañca iminā aḍaṃsāpento muñceyyan ’’ ti muñcanākārameva pariyesato gahaṇe majjhattatā hoti , evameva yā lakkhaṇattayassa diṭṭhattā āditte viya tayo bhave passato saṅkhāragahaṇe majjhattatā , ayaṃ saṅkhārupekkhā .

Iti vipassanupekkhāya siddhāya saṅkhārupekkhāpi siddhāva hoti .

Iminā panesā vicinanagahaṇesu majjhattasaṅkhātena kiccena dvidhā bhinnāti .

Vīriyupekkhā pana vedanupekkhā ca aññamaññañca avasesāhi ca atthato bhinnā evāti .

Āha cettha –

‘‘ Majjhattabrahmabojjhaṅgachaḷaṅgajhānasuddhiyo ;

Vipassanā ca saṅkhāravedanā vīriyaṃ iti .

Vitthārato dasopekkhā , cha majjhattādito tato ;

Duve paññā tato dvīhi , catassova bhavantimā ’’ ti .

ItiP1.189 imāsu upekkhāsu jhānupekkhā idha adhippetā .

Sā majjhattalakkhaṇā .

Etthāha –

‘‘ nanu cāyaṃ atthato tatramajjhattupekkhāva hoti , sā ca paṭhamadutiyajjhānesupi atthi , tasmā tatrapi ‘ upekkhako ca viharatī ’ ti evamayaṃ vattabbā siyā , sā kasmā na vuttā ’’ ti ?

Aparibyattakiccato .

Aparibyattañhi tassa tattha kiccaṃ vitakkādīhi abhibhūtattā , idha panāyaṃ vitakkavicārapītīhi anabhibhūtattā ukkhittasirā viya hutvā paribyattakiccā jātā , tasmā vuttāti .

Idāni sato ca sampajānoti ettha saratīti sato .

Sampajānātīti sampajāno .

Iti puggalena sati ca sampajaññañca vuttaṃ .

Tattha saraṇalakkhaṇāM1.176 sati .

Asammohalakkhaṇaṃ sampajaññaṃ .

Tattha kiñcāpi idaṃ satisampajaññaṃ purimajjhānesupi atthi , muṭṭhassatissa hi asampajānassa upacāramattampi na sampajjati , pageva appanā .

Oḷārikattā pana tesaṃ jhānānaṃ bhūmiyaṃ viya purisassa cittassa gati sukhā hoti , abyattaṃ tattha satisampajaññakiccaṃ .

Oḷārikaṅgappahānena pana sukhumattā imassa jhānassa purisassa khuradhārāyaṃ viya satisampajaññakiccapariggahitāV1.161 eva cittassa gati icchitabbāti idheva vuttaṃ .

Kiñca bhiyyo – yathā dhenupago vaccho dhenuto apanīto arakkhiyamāno punadeva dhenuṃ upagacchati , evamidaṃ tatiyajjhānasukhaṃ pītito apanītampi satisampajaññārakkhena arakkhiyamānaṃ punadeva pītiṃ upagaccheyya , pītisampayuttameva siyā .

Sukhe vāpi sattā sārajjanti , idañca atimadhuraṃ sukhaṃ tato paraṃ sukhābhāvā .

Satisampajaññānubhāvena panettha sukhe asārajjanā hoti , no aññathāti imampi atthavisesaṃ dassetuṃ idaṃ idheva vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Idāni sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedetīti ettha kiñcāpi tatiyajjhānasamaṅgino sukhapaṭisaṃvedanābhogo natthi , evaṃ santepi yasmā tassa nāmakāyena sampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ , yaṃ vā taṃ nāmakāyasampayuttaṃ sukhaṃ , taṃsamuṭṭhānenassa yasmā atipaṇītena rūpena rūpakāyo phuṭṭho , yassa phuṭṭhattāP1.190 jhānā vuṭṭhitopi sukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeyya , tasmā etamatthaṃ dassento ‘‘ sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedehī ’’ ti āha .

Idāni yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti ettha yaṃjhānahetu yaṃjhānakāraṇā taṃ tatiyajjhānasamaṅgipuggalaṃ buddhādayo ariyā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti pakāsenti , pasaṃsantīti adhippāyo .

Kinti ?

Upekkhako satimā sukhavihārīti .

Taṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatīti evamettha yojanā veditabbā .

Kasmā pana taṃ te evaṃ pasaṃsantīti ?

Pasaṃsārahato .

Ayañhi yasmā atimadhurasukhe sukhapāramippattepi tatiyajjhāne upekkhako , na tattha sukhābhisaṅgena ākaḍḍhīyati .

Yathā ca pīti na uppajjati , evaṃ upaṭṭhitassatitāyaM1.177 satimā .

Yasmā ca ariyakantaṃ ariyajanasevitameva ca asaṃkiliṭṭhaṃ sukhaṃ nāmakāyena paṭisaṃvedeti , tasmā pasaṃsāraho hoti .

Iti pasaṃsārahato naṃ ariyā te evaṃ pasaṃsārahahetubhūte guṇe pakāsentā ‘‘ upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī ’’ ti evaṃ pasaṃsantīti veditabbaṃ .

Tatiyan ti gaṇanānupubbatā tatiyaṃ , tatiyaṃ uppannantipi tatiyaṃ .

Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānāti kāyikasukhassa ca kāyikadukkhassa ca pahānā .

Pubbevāti tañca kho pubbeva , na catutthajjhānakkhaṇe .

Somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāti cetasikasukhassa cetasikadukkhassa cāti imesampi dvinnaṃ pubbeva atthaṅgamā , pahānāV1.162 icceva vuttaṃ hoti .

Kadā pana nesaṃ pahānaṃ hoti ?

Catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ upacārakkhaṇe .

Somanassañhi catutthassa jhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyati , dukkhadomanassasukhāni paṭhamadutiyatatiyānaṃ upacārakkhaṇesu .

Evametesaṃ pahānakkamena avuttānaṃ indriyavibhaṅge ( vibha .219 ādayo ) pana indriyānaṃ uddesakkameneva idhāpi vuttānaṃ sukhadukkhasomanassadomanassānaṃ pahānaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Yadi panetāni tassa tassa jhānassa upacārakkhaṇeyeva pahīyantiP1.191 , atha kasmā ‘‘ kattha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati ?

Idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi … pe … paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajja viharati .

Ettha cuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati .

Kattha cuppannaṃ domanassindriyaṃ , sukhindriyaṃ , somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhati ?

Idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā … pe … catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati .

Ettha cuppannaṃ somanassindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.510) evaṃ jhānesveva nirodho vuttoti ?

Atisayanirodhattā .

Atisayanirodho hi tesaṃ paṭhamajjhānādīsu , na nirodhoyeva .

Nirodhoyeva pana upacārakkhaṇe , nātisayanirodho .

Tathā hi nānāvajjane paṭhamajjhānūpacāre niruddhassāpi dukkhindriyassa ḍaṃsamakasādisamphassena vā visamāsanūpatāpena vā siyā uppatti , na tveva antoappanāyaṃ .

Upacāre vā niruddhampetaṃ na suṭṭhuM1.178 niruddhaṃ hoti paṭipakkhena avihatattā .

Antoappanāyaṃ pana pītipharaṇena sabbo kāyo sukhokkanto hoti , sukhokkantakāyassa ca suṭṭhu niruddhaṃ hoti dukkhindriyaṃ paṭipakkhena vihatattā .

Nānāvajjaneyeva ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi domanassindriyassa , yasmā etaṃ vitakkavicārapaccayepi kāyakilamathe cittūpaghāte ca sati uppajjati , vitakkavicārābhāve neva uppajjati .

Yattha pana uppajjati , tattha vitakkavicārabhāve .

Appahīnāyeva ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre vitakkavicārāti tatthassa siyā uppatti , natveva dutiyajjhāne pahīnapaccayattā .

Tathā tatiyajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi sukhindriyassa pītisamuṭṭhānapaṇītarūpaphuṭṭhakāyassa siyā uppatti , natveva tatiyajjhāne .

Tatiyajjhāne hi sukhassa paccayabhūtā pīti sabbaso niruddhā hoti .

Tathā catutthajjhānūpacāre pahīnassāpi somanassindriyassa āsannattā , appanāppattāya upekkhāya abhāvena sammā anatikkantattā ca siyā uppatti , natveva catutthajjhāne .

Tasmā eva ca ‘‘ etthuppannaṃ dukkhindriyaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjhatī ’’ ti tattha tattha aparisesaggahaṇaṃ katanti .

Etthāha –

‘‘ athevaṃ tassa tassa jhānassūpacāre pahīnāpi etā vedanā idha kasmā samāharī ’’ tiV1.163 ?

SukhaggahaṇatthaṃP1.192 .

Yā hi ayaṃ ‘‘ adukkhamasukhan ’’ ti ettha adukkhamasukhā vedanā vuttā , sā sukhumā dubbiññeyyā na sakkā sukhena gahetuṃ , tasmā yathā nāma duṭṭhassa yathā tathā vā upasaṅkamitvā gahetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa goṇassa gahaṇatthaṃ gopo ekasmiṃ vaje sabbā gāvo samāharati , athekekaṃ nīharanto paṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ ‘‘ ayaṃ so gaṇhatha nan ’’ ti tampi gāhāpeti , evamevaṃ sukhaggahaṇatthaṃ sabbāpi etā samāhari .

Evañhi samāhaṭā etā dassetvā ‘‘ yaṃ neva sukhaṃ , na dukkhaṃ , na somanassaṃ , na domanassaṃ , ayaṃ adukkhamasukhāvedanā ’’ ti sakkā hoti esā gāhayituṃ .

Apica adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā paccayadassanatthañcāpi etā vuttāti veditabbā .

Sukhadukkhappahānādayo hi tassā paccayā .

Yathāha –

‘‘ cattāro kho , āvuso , paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā .

Idhāvuso , bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā … pe … catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati .

Ime kho āvuso , cattāro paccayā adukkhamasukhāya cetovimuttiyā samāpattiyā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.458).

Yathā vā aññattha pahīnāpi sakkāyadiṭṭhiādayo tatiyamaggassa vaṇṇabhaṇanatthaṃ tattha pahīnāti vuttāM1.179 , evaṃ vaṇṇabhaṇanatthampetassa jhānassetā idha vuttātipi veditabbā .

Paccayaghātena vā ettha rāgadosānaṃ atidūrabhāvaṃ dassetumpetā vuttāti veditabbā .

Etāsu hi sukhaṃ somanassassa paccayo , somanassaṃ rāgassa , dukkhaṃ domanassassa , domanassaṃ dosassa .

Sukhādighātena ca sappaccayā rāgadosā hatāti atidūre hontīti .

Adukkhamasukhan ti dukkhābhāvena adukkhaṃ .

Sukhābhāvena asukhaṃ .

Etenettha dukkhasukhapaṭipakkhabhūtaṃ tatiyavedanaṃ dīpeti , na dukkhasukhābhāvamattaṃ .

Tatiyavedanā nāma adukkhamasukhā , upekkhātipi vuccati .

Sā iṭṭhāniṭṭhaviparītānubhavanalakkhaṇā .

Upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ti upekkhāya janitasatipārisuddhiṃ .

Imasmiñhi jhāne suparisuddhā sati , yā ca tassā satiyā pārisuddhi , sā upekkhāya katā , na aññena .

Tasmā etaṃ ‘‘ upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ’’ ti vuccati .

Yāya ca upekkhāya etthaP1.193 satiyā pārisuddhi hoti , sā atthato tatramajjhattatāti veditabbā .

Na kevalañcettha tāya satiyeva parisuddhā , apica kho sabbepi sampayuttadhammā , satisīsena pana desanā vuttā .

Tattha kiñcāpi ayaṃ upekkhā heṭṭhāpi tīsu jhānesu vijjati , yathā pana divā sūriyappabhābhibhavā sommabhāvena ca attano upakārakattena vā sabhāgāya rattiyā alābhā divāV1.164 vijjamānāpi candalekhā aparisuddhā hoti apariyodātā , evamayampi tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā vitakkādipaccanīkadhammatejābhibhavā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā alābhā vijjamānāpi paṭhamajjhānādibhede aparisuddhā hoti .

Tassā ca aparisuddhāya divā aparisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo aparisuddhāva honti .

Tasmā tesu ekampi ‘‘ upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ’’ ti na vuttaṃ .

Idha pana vitakkādipaccanīkatejābhibhavābhāvā sabhāgāya ca upekkhāvedanārattiyā paṭilābhā ayaṃ tatramajjhattupekkhācandalekhā ativiya parisuddhā .

Tassā parisuddhattā parisuddhacandalekhāya pabhā viya sahajātāpi satiādayo parisuddhā honti pariyodātā .

Tasmā idameva ‘‘ upekkhāsatipārisuddhin ’’ ti vuttanti veditabbaṃ .

Catutthan ti gaṇanānupubbatā catutthaṃ , catutthaṃ uppannantipi catutthaṃ .

Imāni cattāri jhānāni pubbabhāgepi nānā , maggakkhaṇepi .

Pubbabhāge samāpattivasena nānā , maggakkhaṇe nānāmaggavasena .

Ekassa hi paṭhamamaggo paṭhamajjhānikoM1.180 hoti , dutiyamaggādayopi paṭhamajjhānikā vā dutiyādīsu aññatarajjhānikā vā .

Ekassa paṭhamamaggo dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhāniko hoti , dutiyādayopi dutiyādīnaṃ aññatarajjhānikā vā paṭhamajjhānikā vā .

Evaṃ cattāropi maggā jhānavasena sadisā vā asadisā vā ekaccasadisā vā honti .

Ayaṃ panassa viseso pādakajjhānaniyamena hoti .

Paṭhamajjhānalābhino hi paṭhamajjhānā vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppannamaggo paṭhamajjhāniko hoti , maggaṅgabojjhaṅgāni panettha paripuṇṇāneva honti .

Dutiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno dutiyajjhāniko hoti , maggaṅgāniP1.194 panettha satta honti .

Tatiyajjhānato vuṭṭhāya vipassantassa uppanno tatiyajjhāniko , maggaṅgāni panettha satta , bojjhaṅgāni cha honti .

Esa nayo catutthajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā .

Āruppe catukkapañcakajjhānaṃ uppajjati , tañca kho lokuttaraṃ , na lokiyanti vuttaṃ .

Ettha kathanti ?

Etthapi paṭhamajjhānādīsu yato vuṭṭhāya sotāpattimaggaṃ paṭilabhitvā arūpasamāpattiṃ bhāvetvā yo āruppe uppanno , taṃjhānikāva tassa tattha tayo maggā uppajjanti .

Evaṃ pādakajjhānameva niyameti .

Keci pana therā ‘‘ vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamentī ’’ ti vadanti .

Keci ‘‘ puggalajjhāsayo niyametī ’’ ti vadanti .

Keci ‘‘ vuṭṭhānagāminī vipassanā niyametī ’’ ti vadanti .

Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – vipassanāniyamena hi sukkhavipassakassa uppannamaggopi , samāpattilābhino jhānaṃ pādakaṃ akatvā uppannamaggopi , paṭhamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā pakiṇṇakasaṅkhāre sammasitvā uppāditamaggopi paṭhamajjhānikova hoti , sabbesu satta bojjhaṅgāniV1.165 aṭṭha maggaṅgāni pañca jhānaṅgāni honti .

Tesañhi pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatāpi upekkhāsahagatāpi hutvā vuṭṭhānakāle saṅkhārupekkhābhāvaṃ pattā somanassasahagatāva hoti .

Pañcakanaye dutiyatatiyacatutthajjhānāni pādakāni katvā uppāditamaggesu yathākkameneva jhānaṃ caturaṅgikaṃ tivaṅgikaṃ duvaṅgikañca hoti , sabbesu pana satta maggaṅgāni honti , catutthe cha bojjhaṅgāni .

Ayaṃ viseso pādakajjhānaniyamena ceva vipassanāniyamena ca hoti .

TesampiM1.181 hi pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatāpi upekkhāsahagatāpi hoti , vuṭṭhānagāminī somanassasahagatāva .

Pañcamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā nibbattitamagge pana upekkhācittekaggatāvasena dve jhānaṅgāni , bojjhaṅgamaggaṅgāni cha satta ceva .

Ayampi viseso ubhayaniyamavasena hoti .

Imasmiñhi naye pubbabhāgavipassanā somanassasahagatā vā upekkhāsahagatā vā hoti , vuṭṭhānagāminī upekkhāsahagatāva hoti .

ArūpajjhānāniP1.195 pādakāni katvā uppāditamaggepi eseva nayo .

Idha pana catukkanaye avitakkavicāramattassa dutiyajjhānassa abhāvā taṃ apanetvā sesānaṃ vasena yojetabbaṃ .

Evaṃ pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya ye keci saṅkhāre sammasitvā nibbattitamaggassa āsannapadese vuṭṭhitasamāpatti attanā sadisabhāvaṃ karoti bhūmivaṇṇo viya godhāvaṇṇassa .

Dutiyattheravāde pana yato yato samāpattito vuṭṭhāya ye ye samāpattidhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito hoti , taṃtaṃsamāpattisadisova hoti .

Tatrāpi ca vipassanāniyamo vuttanayeneva veditabbo .

Tatiyattheravāde attano ajjhāsayānurūpena yaṃ yaṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā ye ye jhānadhamme sammasitvā maggo nibbattito , taṃtaṃjhānasadisova hoti .

Pādakajjhānaṃ pana sammasitajjhānaṃ vā vinā ajjhāsayamatteneva taṃ na ijjhati .

Etthāpi ca vipassanāniyamo vuttanayeneva veditabbo .

Ayaṃ vuccati sammāsamādhīti yā imesu catūsu jhānesu ekaggatā , ayaṃ pubbabhāge lokiyo , aparabhāge lokuttaro sammāsamādhi nāma vuccati .

Evaṃ lokiyalokuttaravasena dhammasenāpatiV1.166 maggasaccaṃ deseti .

Tattha lokiyamagge sabbāneva maggaṅgāni yathānurūpaṃ chasu ārammaṇesu aññatarārammaṇāni honti .

Lokuttaramagge pana catusaccappaṭivedhāya pavattassa ariyasāvakassa nibbānārammaṇaṃ avijjānusayasamugghātakaṃ paññācakkhu sammādiṭṭhi , tathā sampannadiṭṭhissa taṃsampayutto tividhamicchāsaṅkappasamugghātako cetaso nibbānapadābhiniropano sammāsaṅkappo , tathā passantassa vitakkentassa ca taṃsampayuttāva catubbidhavacīduccaritasamugghātikā micchāvācāya virati sammāvācā , tathā viramantassa taṃsampayuttāva tividhamicchākammantasamucchedikā micchākammantā viratiM1.182 sammākammanto , tesaṃyeva cassa vācākammantānaṃ vodānabhūtā taṃsampayuttāva kuhanādisamucchedikā micchāājīvā virati sammāājīvo , tassāyevassa sammāvācākammantājīvasaṅkhātāya sīlabhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhamānassa tadanurūpo taṃsampayuttova kosajjasamucchedako , anuppannuppannānaṃ akusalakusalānaṃP1.196 anuppādappahānuppādaṭṭhitisādhako ca vīriyārambho sammāvāyāmo , evaṃ vāyamantassa taṃsampayuttova micchāsativiniddhunako , kāyādīsu kāyānupassanādisādhako ca cetaso asammoso sammāsati .

Evaṃ anuttarāya satiyā suvihitacittārakkhassa taṃsampayuttāva micchāsamādhividdhaṃsikā cittekaggatā sammāsamādhi .

Esa lokuttaro ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo .

Yo saha lokiyena maggena dukkhanirodhagāminipaṭipadāti saṅkhyaṃ gato , so kho panesa maggo sammādiṭṭhisaṅkappānaṃ vijjāya sesadhammānaṃ caraṇena saṅgahitattā vijjā ceva caraṇañca .

Tathā tesaṃ dvinnaṃ vipassanāyānena itaresaṃ samathayānena saṅgahitattā samatho ceva vipassanā ca .

Tesaṃ dvinnaṃ paññākkhandhena tadanantarānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ sīlakkhandhena avasesānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ samādhikkhandhena adhipaññāadhisīlaadhicittasikkhāhi ca saṅgahitattā khandhattayañceva sikkhattayañca hoti .

Yena samannāgato ariyasāvako dassanasamatthehi cakkhūhi gamanasamatthehi ca pādehi samannāgato addhiko viya vijjācaraṇasampanno hutvā vipassanāyānena kāmasukhallikānuyogaṃ samathayānena attakilamathānuyoganti antadvayaṃ parivajjetvā majjhimapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno paññākkhandhena mohakkhandhaṃ , sīlakkhandhena dosakkhandhaṃ , samādhikkhandhena ca lobhakkhandhaṃ padālento adhipaññāsikkhāya paññāsampadaṃ , adhisīlasikkhāya sīlasampadaṃ , adhicittasikkhāya samādhisampadanti tisso sampattiyo patvā amataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti .

Ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhammaratanavicittaṃ sammattaniyāmasaṅkhātaṃ ariyabhūmiṃ okkanto hotīti .

Maggasaccaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

Saccapakiṇṇakavaṇṇanā

CatūsuV1.167P1.197M1.183 pana saccesu bādhanalakkhaṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ , pabhavalakkhaṇaṃ samudayasaccaṃ , santilakkhaṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ , niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ maggasaccaṃ , apica pavattipavattakanivattinivattakalakkhaṇāni paṭipāṭiyā .

Tathā saṅkhatataṇhāasaṅkhatadassanalakkhaṇāni ca .

Kasmā pana cattāreva ariyasaccāni vuttāni anūnāni anadhikānīti ce ?

Aññassa asambhavato aññatarassa ca anapaneyyabhāvato .

Na hi etehi aññaṃ adhikaṃ vā , etesaṃ vā ekampi apanetabbaṃ sambhoti .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Idha , bhikkhave , āgaccheyya samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ‘ netaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ .

Yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ , ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī ’ ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ tiādi .

Yathā cāha –

‘‘ Yo hi koci , bhikkhave , samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃ vadeyya ‘ netaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , yaṃ samaṇena gotamena desitaṃ , ahametaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ ariyasaccaṃ paññapessāmī ’ ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .5.1086).

Apica pavattimācikkhanto bhagavā sahetukaṃ ācikkhi , nivattiñca saupāyaṃ .

Iti pavattinivattitadubhayahetūnaṃ etapparamato cattāreva vuttāni .

Tathā pariññeyyapahātabbasacchikātabbabhāvetabbānaṃ , taṇhāvatthutaṇhātaṇhānirodhataṇhānirodhūpāyānaṃ , ālayaālayarāmatāālayasamugghātaālayasamugghātūpāyānañca vasenāpi cattāreva vuttānīti .

Ettha ca oḷārikattā sabbasattasādhāraṇattā ca suviññeyyanti dukkhasaccaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ .

Tasseva hetudassanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayasaccaṃ , hetunirodhāM1.184 phalanirodhotiP1.198 ñāpanatthaṃ tato nirodhasaccaṃ , tadadhigamūpāyadassanatthaṃ ante maggasaccaṃ .

Bhavasukhassādagadhitānaṃ vā sattānaṃ saṃvegajananatthaṃV1.168 paṭhamaṃ dukkhamāha .

Taṃ neva akataṃ āgacchati , na issaranimmānādito hoti , ito pana hotīti ñāpanatthaṃ tadanantaraṃ samudayaṃ .

Tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibhūtattā saṃviggamānasānaṃ dukkhanissaraṇagavesīnaṃ nissaraṇadassanena assāsajananatthaṃ nirodhaṃ .

Tato nirodhādhigamanatthaṃ nirodhasampāpakaṃ magganti ayametesaṃ kamo .

Etesu pana bhāro viya dukkhasaccaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ , bhārādānamiva samudayasaccaṃ , bhāranikkhepanamiva nirodhasaccaṃ , bhāranikkhepanūpāyo viya maggasaccaṃ .

Rogo viya vā dukkhasaccaṃ , roganidānamiva samudayasaccaṃ , rogavūpasamo viya nirodhasaccaṃ , bhesajjamiva maggasaccaṃ .

Dubbhikkhamiva vā dukkhasaccaṃ , dubbuṭṭhi viya samudayasaccaṃ , subhikkhamiva nirodhasaccaṃ , suvuṭṭhi viya maggasaccaṃ .

Apica verīveramūlaverasamugghātaverasamugghātūpāyehi , visarukkharukkhamūlamūlūpacchedatadupacchedūpāyehi , bhayabhayamūlanibbhayatadadhigamūpāyehi , orimatīramahoghapārimatīrataṃsampāpakavāyāmehi ca yojetvāpetāni upamāto veditabbānīti .

Sabbāneva panetāni saccāni paramatthena vedakakārakanibbutagamakābhāvato suññānīti veditabbāni .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ Dukkhameva hi na koci dukkhito , kārako na kiriyāva vijjati ;

Atthi nibbuti na nibbuto pumā , maggamatthi gamako na vijjatī ’’ ti .

Atha vā –

Dhuvasubhasukhattasuññaṃ , purimadvayamattasuññamamatapadaṃ ;

Dhuvasukhaattavirahito , maggo iti suññatā tesu .

NirodhasuññāniP1.199 vā tīṇi , nirodho ca sesattayasuñño .

Phalasuñño vā ettha hetu samudaye dukkhassa abhāvato , magge ca nirodhassa , na phalena sagabbho pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya .

Hetusuññañca phalaṃ dukkhasamudayānaṃ nirodhamaggānañca asamavāyā , na hetusamavetaṃ hetuphalaṃ samavāyavādīnaṃ dviaṇukādi viya .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ TayamidhaV1.169M1.185 nirodhasuññaṃ , tayena tenāpi nibbutī suññā ;

Suñño phalena hetu , phalampi taṃhetunā suññan ’’ ti .

Sabbāneva saccāni aññamaññasabhāgāni avitathato attasuññato dukkarapaṭivedhato ca .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Taṃ kiṃ maññasi , ānanda , katamaṃ nu kho dukkarataraṃ vā durabhisambhavataraṃ vā , yo dūratova sukhumena tāḷacchiggaḷena asanaṃ atipāteyya poṅkhānupoṅkhaṃ avirādhitaṃ , yo vā sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyāti ?

Etadeva , bhante , dukkaratarañceva durabhisambhavatarañca ;

Yo vā sattadhā bhinnassa vālassa koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭivijjheyyāti ;

Atha kho te , ānanda , duppaṭivijjhataraṃ paṭivijjhanti , ye ‘ idaṃ dukkhan ’ ti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhanti … pe …‘ ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ’ ti yathābhūtaṃ paṭivijjhantī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1115);

Visabhāgāni salakkhaṇavavatthānato .

Purimāni ca dve sabhāgāni duravagāhatthena gambhīrattā lokiyattā sāsavattā ca , visabhāgāni phalahetubhedato pariññeyyapahātabbato ca .

Pacchimānipi dve sabhāgāni gambhīrattena duravagāhattā lokuttarattā anāsavattā ca , visabhāgāni visayavisayībhedato sacchikātabbabhāvetabbato ca .

Paṭhamatatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni phalāpadesato , visabhāgāni saṅkhatāsaṅkhatatoP1.200 .

Dutiyacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni hetuapadesato , visabhāgāni ekantakusalākusalato .

Paṭhamacatutthāni cāpi sabhāgāni saṅkhatato , visabhāgāni lokiyalokuttarato .

Dutiyatatiyāni cāpi sabhāgāni nevasekkhanāsekkhabhāvato , visabhāgāni sārammaṇānārammaṇato .

‘‘ Iti evaṃ pakārehi , nayehi ca vicakkhaṇo ;

Vijaññā ariyasaccānaṃ , sabhāgavisabhāgatan ’’ ti .

SabbamevaV1.170 cettha dukkhaṃ ekavidhaṃ pavattibhāvato , duvidhaṃ nāmarūpato , tividhaṃ kāmarūpārūpūpapattibhavabhedato , catubbidhaṃ catuāhārabhedato , pañcavidhaṃM1.186 pañcupādānakkhandhabhedato .

Samudayopi ekavidho pavattakabhāvato , duvidho diṭṭhisampayuttāsampayuttato , tividho kāmabhavavibhavataṇhābhedato , catubbidho catumaggappaheyyato , pañcavidho rūpābhinandanādibhedato , chabbidho chataṇhākāyabhedato .

Nirodhopi ekavidho asaṅkhatadhātubhāvato , pariyāyato pana duvidho saupādisesaanupādisesato , tividho bhavattayavūpasamato , catubbidho catumaggādhigamanīyato , pañcavidho pañcābhinandanavūpasamato , chabbidho chataṇhākāyakkhayabhedato .

Maggopi ekavidho bhāvetabbato , duvidho samathavipassanābhedato , dassanabhāvanābhedato vā , tividho khandhattayabhedato .

Ayañhi sappadesattā nagaraṃ viya rajjena nippadesehi tīhi khandhehi saṅgahito .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Na kho , āvuso visākha , ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena tayo khandhā saṅgahitā , tīhi ca kho , āvuso visākha , khandhehi ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo saṅgahito .

Yā , cāvuso visākha , sammāvācā yo ca sammākammanto yo ca sammāājīvo , ime dhammā sīlakkhandhe saṅgahitā .

Yo ca sammāvāyāmo yā ca sammāsati yo ca sammāsamādhi , ime dhammā samādhikkhandhe saṅgahitā .

Yā ca sammādiṭṭhi yo ca sammāsaṅkappo , ime dhammā paññākkhandhe saṅgahitā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.462).

Catubbidho sotāpattimaggādivasena .

Apica sabbāneva saccāni ekavidhāni avitathattā , abhiññeyyattā vā .

Duvidhāni lokiyalokuttarato , saṅkhatāsaṅkhatatoP1.201 vā .

Tividhāni dassanabhāvanāhi pahātabbato appahātabbato nevapahātabbanāpahātabbato ca .

Catubbidhāni pariññeyyapahātabbasacchikātabbabhāvetabbatoti .

‘‘ Evaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ , dubbodhānaṃ budho vidhiṃ ;

Anekabhedato jaññā , hitāya ca sukhāya cā ’’ ti .

Saccapakiṇṇakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

IdāniP1.202M1.187 dhammasenāpati bhagavatā desitakkameneva ante saccacatukkaṃ niddisitvā ‘‘ taṃ ñātaṭṭhenaV1.171 ñāṇan ’’ tiādinā saccacatukkavasena sutamaye ñāṇaṃ nigametvā dasseti .

Evaṃ ‘‘ sotāvadhāne paññā sutamaye ñāṇan ’’ ti pubbe vuttaṃ sabbaṃ nigametvā dassetīti .

Saddhammappakāsiniyā paṭisambhidāmaggaṭṭhakathāya

Sutamayañāṇaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .