Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

1-5

. Suvipulāmalasaddhāpaññādiguṇasamudayāvahaṃ sakalajanahitekahetujinasāsanaṭṭhitimūlabhūtaṃ vinayappakaraṇamidamārabhantoyamācariyo pakaraṇārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmapakaraṇābhidhānābhidheyyakaraṇappakārapayojananimittakattuparimāṇādīni dassetumāha ‘‘ vanditvā ’’ tiādi .

Tattha ratanattayaṃ nāma .

‘‘ Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca , atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ ;

Anomasattaparibhogaṃ , ratanaṃ tena vuccatī ’’ ti .( dī . ni . aṭṭha .2.33; saṃ . ni . aṭṭha .3.5.223; khu . pā . aṭṭha .6.3; su . ni . aṭṭha .1.226; mahāni . aṭṭha .50)–

Niddiṭṭhasabhāvaṃ

‘‘ BuddhoM1.5 sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ , dhammo lokuttaro nava ;

Saṅgho maggaphalaṭṭho ca , iccetaṃ ratanattayan ’’ ti .

–

Vibhāvitappabhedaṃ sakalabhavadukkhavinivāraṇaṃ tibhavenekapaṭisaraṇaṃ vatthuttayaṃ .

Tassa paṇāmo nāma paṇāmakiriyānipphādikā cetanā .

Sā tividhā kāyapaṇāmo vacīpaṇāmo manopaṇāmoti .

Tattha kāyapaṇāmo nāma ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇapubbikā añjalikammādikāyakiriyāvasappavattikā kāyaviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā .

Vacīpaṇāmo nāma tatheva pavattā nānāvidhaguṇavisesavibhāvanasabhāvathomanākiriyāvasappavattikā vacīviññattisamuṭṭhāpikāV1.6 cetanā .

Manopaṇāmo nāma ubhayaviññattiyo asamuṭṭhāpetvā kevalaṃ guṇānussaraṇena cittasantānassa tanninnatappoṇatappabbhāratāya gāravabahumānanavasappavattisādhikā cetanā .

Imassa tāva ratanattayapaṇāmassa dassanaṃ yathādhippetatthasādhanatthaṃ .

Guṇātisayayogena hi paṇāmārahe ratanattaye kato paṇāmo puññavisesabhāvato icchitatthābhinipphattivibandhakena upaghātakena , upapīḷakena ca apuññakammena upanīyamānassa upaddavajālassa vinivāraṇena yathāladdhasampattinimittakassa puññakammassa anubalappadānena ca tabbipākasantatiyā āyusukhabalādivaḍḍhanena ca cirakālappavattihetukoti yathādhippetapakaraṇanipphattinibandhanako hoti .

Athāpi sotūnañca vandanīyavandanāpubbakenārambhena anantarāyena uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamena pakaraṇāvabodhappayojanasādhanatthaṃ .

Apica sotūnameva viññātasatthukānaṃ bhagavato yathābhūtaguṇavisesānussavanena samupajātappasādānaṃ pakaraṇe gāravuppādanatthaṃ , aviññātasatthukānaṃM1.6 pana pakaraṇassa svākhyātatāya tappabhave satthari gāravuppādanatthañca sotujanānuggahameva padhānaṃ katvā ācariyehi ganthārambhe thutippaṇāmaparidīpakānaṃ gāthāvākyānaṃ nikkhepo vidhīyati .

Itarathā vināpi tannikkhepaṃ kāyamanopaṇāmenāpi yathādhippetappayojanasiddhito kimetena ganthagāravakarenāti ayamettha saṅkhepo .

Vitthārato pana paṇāmappayojanaṃ sāratthadīpaniyā dīsu ( sārattha . ṭī .1. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ; vi . vi . ṭī .2. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ) dassitanayeneva ñātabbaṃ .

Abhidhāna kathanaṃ pana vohārasukhatthaṃ .

Abhidheyyassa samuditena pakaraṇena paṭipādetabbassa kathanaṃ pakaraṇassa ārabhitabbasabhāvadassanatthaṃ .

Viditāninditasātthakasukarānuṭṭhānābhi dheyyameva hi pakaraṇaṃ parikkhakajanā ārabhitabbaṃ maññantīti .

Karaṇappakāra sandassanaṃ sotujanasamussāhanatthaṃ .

Anākulamasaṃkiṇṇatādippakārena hi viracitaṃ pakaraṇaṃ sotāro sotumussahantīti .

Payojana kathanaṃ pana pakaraṇajjhāyane sotujanasamuttejanatthaṃ .

Asati hi payojanakathane aviññātappayojanā ajjhāyane byāvaṭā na hontīti .

Nimitta kathanaṃ sarikkhakajanānaṃ pakaraṇe gāravuppādanatthaṃ .

Pasatthakāraṇuppanneyeva hi pakaraṇe sarikkhakā gāravaṃ janentīti .

Kattu kathanaṃ puggalagarukassa pakaraṇe gāravo puggalagāravenapi hotūti .

Parimāṇa kathanaṃ asajjhāyanādipasutānaṃV1.7 sampahaṃsanatthaṃ .

Pakaraṇaparimāṇassavanena hi te sampahaṭṭhā ‘‘ kittakamidamappakaṃ na cireneva parisamāpessāmā ’’ ti sajjhāyanādīsu vattantīti .

Ādi -saddena sakkaccasavananiyojanaṃ saṅgahitaṃ , taṃ sabbasampattinidānasutamayañāṇanipphādanatthaṃ .

Asakkaccaṃ suṇamānassa ca savanābhāvato taṃhetukassaM1.7 sutamayañāṇassāpi abhāvoti .

Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘ na mayā sutaṃ , puna bhaṇitabban ’’ ti bhaṇati .

Tattha paṭhamagāthāyaṃ tāva ‘‘ vanditvā ’’ ti iminā tividhopi paṇāmo avisesato dassito .

Visesato pana ‘‘ seṭṭhaṃ , appaṭipuggalaṃ , bhavābhāvakaraṃ , niraṅgaṇan ’’ ti imehi catūhi padehi vacīpaṇāmo ,‘‘ sirasā ’’ ti iminā kāyappaṇāmo ,‘‘ buddhaṃ , dhammaṃ , gaṇañcā ’’ ti imehi pana tīhi padehi paṇāmakiriyāya kammabhūtaṃ ratanattayaṃ dassitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

‘‘ Vinayassavinicchayan ’’ ti iminā abhidhānaṃ dassitaṃ aluttasamāsena vinayavinicchayanāmassa dassanato .

Tassa anvatthabhāvena saddappavattinimittabhūtaṃ sakalenānena pakaraṇena paṭipādetabbamabhidheyyampi teneva dassitaṃ .

‘‘ Samāsenā ’’ ti ca ‘‘ anākulamasaṃkiṇṇaṃ , madhuratthapadakkaman ’’ ti ca etehi karaṇappakāro dassito .

‘‘ Hitatthāyā ’’ ti ca ‘‘ paṭubhāvakaraṃ vinayakkame ’’ ti ca ‘‘ apāraṃ otarantānan ’’ tiādinā ca payojanaṃ .

‘‘ Bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnan ’’ ti iminā bāhiranimittaṃ dassitaṃ .

Abbhantaranimittaṃ pana bāhiranimittabhūtabhikkhubhikkhunivisayā karuṇā , sā ācariyassa pakaraṇārambheneva viññāyatīti visuṃ na vuttā .

‘‘ Pavakkhāmī ’’ ti iminā samānādhikaraṇabhāvena labbhamāno ‘‘ ahan ’’ ti suddhakattā sāmaññena dassito .

Visesato pana pakaraṇāvasāne –

‘‘ Racito buddhadattena , suddhacittena dhīmatā ;

Suciraṭṭhitikāmena , sāsanassa mahesino ’’ ti .( u . vi .961)–

ImāyaM1.8 gāthāya ceva ‘‘ iti tambapaṇṇiyena paramaveyyākaraṇena tipiṭakanayavidhikusalena paramakavivarajana hadayapadumavanavikasanakarena kavivarāsabhena paramaratikaravaramadhuravacanuggārena uragapurena buddhadattena racitoyaṃ vinayavinicchayo ’’ ti ( vi . vi .3183) iminā vākyena caV1.8 dassito –

‘‘ mādisāpi kavī honti , buddhadatte divaṅgate ’’ tiādinā pacchimakehi ca pasatthatarehi kavivarehi abhitthutaguṇo bhadantabuddhadattācariyo veditabbo .

Hetukattā ca tattheva vakkhamāno pakaraṇajjhesane katādhīno buddhasīhamahā thero , so –

‘‘ Vuttassa buddhasīhena ;

Vinayassa vinicchayo ;

Buddhasīhaṃ samuddissa ;

Mama saddhivihārikaṃ ;

Katoyaṃ pana bhikkhūnaṃ ;

Hitatthāya samāsato ’’ ti .( vi . vi .3177-3178)–

Evaṃ dassito .

Uttara ppakaraṇassa hetukattā pana saṅghapāla mahāthero , sopi –

‘‘ Khantisoraccasosilya-buddhisaddhādayādayo ;

Patiṭṭhitā guṇā yasmiṃ , ratanānīva sāgare .

‘‘ Vinayācārayuttena , tena sakkacca sādaraṃ ;

Yācito saṅghapālena , therena thiracetasā .

‘‘ SuciraṭṭhitikāmenaM1.9 , vinayassa mahesino ;

Bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭavatthāya , vinayassavinicchaye ;

Akāsiṃ paramaṃ etaṃ , uttaraṃ nāma nāmato ’’ ti .( u . vi .965-968)–

Evaṃ dassito .

Na kevalamete dveyeva mahātherā hetukattāro , atha kho mahāvaṃsā dīsu –

‘‘ BuddhassaV1.9 viya gambhīra-

Ghosattā taṃ viyākaruṃ ;

‘ Buddhaghoso ’ ti yo so hi ;

Buddho viya mahītale ’’ ti .

–

Ādinā nayena abhitthutaguṇo tipiṭakapariyattiyā aṭṭhakathākāro bhadantabuddhaghosā cariyo ca anussutivasena ‘‘ hetukattā ’’ ti veditabbo .

Kathaṃ ?

Ayaṃ kira bhadantabuddhadattā cariyo laṅkādīpato sajātibhūmiṃ jambudīpamāgacchanto bhadantabuddhaghosāca riyaṃ jambudīpavāsikehi paṭipattiparāyanehi yuttabyattaguṇopetehi mahātheravarehi katārādhanaṃ sīhaḷaṭṭhakathaṃ parivattetvā sakalajanasādhāraṇāya mūlabhāsāya tipiṭakapariyattiyā aṭṭhakathaṃ likhituṃ laṅkādīpaṃ gacchantaṃ antarāmagge disvā sākacchāya samupaparikkhitvā sabbalokātītena asadisena paṇḍiccaguṇena ratananidhidassane paramadaliddo viya balavaparitosaṃ patvā aṭṭhakathamassa kātukāmataṃ ñatvā ‘‘ tumhe yathādhippetapariyantalikhitamaṭṭhakathaṃ amhākaṃ pesetha , mayamassā pakaraṇaṃ likhāmā ’’ ti tassa sammukhā paṭijānitvā tena ca ‘‘ sādhu tathā kātabban ’’ ti ajjhesito abhidhammaṭṭhakathāya abhidhammāvatāraṃ , vinayaṭṭhakathāya sauttaraṃ vinayavinicchayapakaraṇañca akāsīti anussuyyateti .

‘‘ Samāsenā ’’ tiM1.10 iminā ca parimāṇampi sāmaññena dassitaṃ vitthāraparimāṇe tassa parimāṇasāmaññassa viññāyamānattā .

Visesato pana paricchedaparimāṇaṃ ganthaparimāṇanti duvidhaṃ .

Tattha paricchedaparimāṇaṃ imasmiṃ pakaraṇe kathāvohārena vuccati .

Seyyathidaṃ ?

– Pārājikakathā saṅghādisesakathā aniyatakathā nissaggiyakathā pācittiyakathā pāṭidesanīyakathā sekhiyakathāti bhikkhuvibhaṅgakathā sattavidhā , tato aniyatakathaṃ vajjetvā tatheva bhikkhunivibhaṅgakathā chabbidhā , mahākhandhakakathādikā bhikkhunikkhandhakakathāvasānā vīsatividhā khandhakakathā , kammakathā , kammavipattikathā , pakiṇṇakavinicchayo , kammaṭṭhānabhāvanāvidhānanti vinayavinicchaye kathāparicchedo sattatiṃsa .

UttarappakaraṇeV1.10 ca vuttanayena bhikkhuvibhaṅge sattavidhā kathā , bhikkhunivibhaṅge chabbidhā , tadanantarā vipattikathā , adhikaraṇapaccayakathā , khandhakapañhākathā , samuṭṭhānasīsakathā , āpattisamuṭṭhānakathā , ekuttaranayakathā , sedamocanakathā , vibhaṅgadvayanidānādikathā , sabbaṅgalakkhaṇakathā , parivārasaṅkalanakathāti chattiṃsa kathāparicchedā .

Nissandehe pana ‘‘ aṭṭhatiṃsa kathāparicchedā ’’ ti vuttaṃ , taṃ ekuttaranaye adassitehipi dvādasakapannarasakanayehi saha soḷasaparicchede gahetvā appakaṃ ūnamadhikaṃ gaṇanūpagaṃ na hotīti katvā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Ubhayattha kathāparicchedaparimāṇaṃ tesattatividhaṃ hoti .

Nissandehe ‘‘ pañcasattatividhā ’’ ti vacane parihāro vuttanayova .

Ganthaparimāṇaṃ pana vinayavinicchaye asītiganthādhikāni cattāri ganthasahassāniM1.11 , uttare paññāsaganthādhikāni nava ganthasatāni honti .

Tena vuttaṃ uttarāvasāne –

‘‘ Gāthā catusahassāni , satañca ūnavīsati ;

Parimāṇatoti viññeyyo , vinayassavinicchayo .

Paññāsādhikasaṅkhāni , nava gāthāsatāni hi ;

Gaṇanā uttarassāyaṃ , chandasānuṭṭhubhena tū ’’ ti .( u . vi .969-970);

Iccevaṃ vinayavinicchayo uttaro cāti dve pakaraṇāni tiṃsādhikāni pañcagāthāsahassāni .

Ettha ca vinayavinicchayo nāma ubhatovibhaṅgakhandhakāgatavinicchayasaṅgāhakapakaraṇaṃ .

Tato paraṃ parivāratthasaṅgāhakapakaraṇaṃ uttaro nāma .

Teneva vakkhati –

‘‘ Yo mayā racito sāro , vinayassavinicchayo ;

Tassa dāni karissāmi , sabbānuttaramuttaran ’’ ti .( u . vi .2)

Taṃ kasmā uttaranāmena vohariyatīti ?

Pañhuttaravasena ṭhite parivāre tatheva saṅgahetabbepi tena pakārena pārājikakathāmattaṃ dassetvā –

‘‘ ItoV1.11 paṭṭhāya muñcitvā , pañhāpucchanamattakaṃ ;

Vissajjanavaseneva , hoti atthavinicchayo ’’ ti .( u . vi .14)–

Vatvā pañhaṃ pahāya tato paṭṭhāya uttaramattasseva dassitattā tathā voharīyanti .

‘‘ Tasmā vinayanūpāyan ’’ tiādinā pana sotujanaṃ sakkaccasavane niyojeti .

Sakkaccasavanapaṭibaddhā hi sabbāpi lokiyalokuttarasampattīti ayamettha samudāyattho .

Ayaṃ pana avayavattho – so yasmā atthayojanakkamena padayojanaṃM1.12 katvā vaṇṇite suviññeyyo hoti , tasmā tathā padayojanaṃ katvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāma –

Seṭṭhaṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ buddhañceva bhavābhāvakaraṃ dhammañceva niraṅgaṇaṃ gaṇañceva sirasā vanditvā bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnañca hitatthāya samāsena samāhito vinayassavinicchayaṃ vakkhāmīti yojanā .

Tattha seṭṭhan ti sabbe ime pasatthā ayametesaṃ atisayena pasatthoti seṭṭho .

Tathā hi so bhagavā ‘‘ ahañhi brāhmaṇa jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassā ’’ ti ( pārā .11) verañjabrāhmaṇassa attano jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvassa parijānanavinicchayahetubhūtāhi jhānādīhi niratisayaguṇasampattīhi samannāgatattā –

‘‘ Tvameva asi sambuddho , tuvaṃ satthā anuttaro ;

Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ , natthi te paṭipuggalo .( dī . ni .2.370);

Tuvaṃ buddho tuvaṃ satthā , tuvaṃ mārābhibhū muni ;

Tuvaṃ anusaye chetvā , tiṇṇo tāresimaṃ pajaṃ .

Upadhī te samatikkantā , āsavā te padālitā ;

Sīhosi anupādāno , pahīnabhayabheravo .( ma . ni .2.400; su . ni .550-551; theragā .839-940);

MahāvīraV1.12 mahāpañña , iddhiyā yasasā jala ;

Sabbaverabhayātīta , pāde vandāmi cakkhumā ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.159; dha . pa . aṭṭha .1.56);

–

Ādīhī nānānayehi sadevakena lokena abhitthaviyatāya pasatthatamo , tameva seṭṭhaṃ pasatthatamanti attho .

Appaṭipuggalan tiM1.13 natthi etassa paṭipuggalo adhiko , sadiso vāti appaṭipuggalo .

Tathā hi guṇavasena anantāparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu attanā adhikassa , sadisassa vā puggalassa abhāvato –

‘‘ Na me ācariyo atthi , sadiso me na vijjati ;

Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ , natthi me paṭipuggalo ’’ ti .( mahāva .11)–

Attanāva attano aviparīto appaṭipuggalabhāvo paṭiññāto , tasmā taṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ sabbalokuttamanti attho .

Buddhan ti anantamaparimeyyaṃ ñeyyamaṇḍalamanavasesaṃ buddhavāti buddho , etena anekakappakoṭisatasahassaṃ sambhatapuññañāṇasambhārānubhāvasiddhidhammarūpakāyasirivilāsapaṭimaṇḍito saddhammavaracakkavattī sammāsambuddho dassito .

Atha vā cattāri saccāni sayaṃ vicitopacitapāramitāparipācitena savāsanānavasesakilesappahāyakena sayambhuñāṇena bujjhīti buddho .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ , bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ ;

Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me , tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā ’’ ti .( ma . ni .2.392,399; su . ni .563; theragā .828);

Vitthāro panassa ‘‘ bujjhitā saccānīti buddho , bodhetā pajāyāti buddho ’’ tiādinā ( mahāni .192; cūḷani . pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi . ma .1.162) niddesā dīsuV1.13 vuttanayena veditabbo .

Saddasiddhi sāsanikānaṃ avagamanatthe vattamānā budha-dhātuto ‘‘ bhāvakammesu ta ’’ iti ito tātivattamāne ‘‘ budhagamāditthe kattarī ’’ ti iminā kaccāyana suttena kattari tappaccayavidhānato veditabbā .

Lokiyānaṃ pana bodhanatthadhātūnampi gamanatthatāya vuttattā gatyatthākammakādiM1.14 suttato kattari ta-ppaccayakaraṇena veditabbā .

Atha vā dhātūnaṃ anekatthatāya budha-iccayaṃ dhātu jāgaraṇavikasanatthesu vattamāno akammakoti ‘‘ pabuddho puriso , pabuddhaṃ paduman ’’ tiādīsu viya buddhavā aññāṇaniddāvigamena ñāṇacakkhūni ummīlanto pabuddho , guṇehi vā vikasitoti kattari siddhena buddha-saddena ‘‘ buddho ’’ ti tibhavanekacūḷāmaṇipādapaṅkajarāgaratano bhagavā lokanātho vuccati , imasmiṃ pakkhepi gatyatthādisutte akammakaggahaṇena paccayavidhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Atha vā sakammakānaṃ dhātūnaṃ kammavacanicchāya abhāve akammakabhāvato ‘‘ phalaṃ sayameva pakkan ’’ tiādīsu viya bodhanattheyeva budha-dhātuto kattari vidhānaṃ sijjhati .

Atha vā nīlaguṇayogena paṭādīsu nīlavohāro viya bhāvasādhanaṃ buddha-saddaṃ gahetvā buddhaguṇayogato ‘‘ buddho ’’ ti voharīyati .

Evamanekadhā siddhena buddha-saddena vuccamānaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ taṃ dhammarājanti attho .

‘‘ Seṭṭhaṃ appaṭipuggalan ’’ ti padadvayaṃ ‘‘ buddhan ’’ ti etassa visesanaṃ .

Ettha ca ‘‘ buddhaṃ , seṭṭhaṃ , appaṭipuggalan ’’ ti imehi tīhi padehi nayato ‘‘ itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ’’ tiādinā ( dī . ni .1.157;3.6; ma . ni .1.147,144;3.434; saṃ . ni .1.249;5.479; a . ni .5.14,30;6.25,26; netti .93),‘‘ yo vadataṃ pavaro manujesu , sakyamunī bhagavā katakicco ’’ tiādīhi ( vi . va .886) ca anekehi suttapadehi dassitadūrāvidūrasantikanidānahetuphalasattopakārāvatthādhammattha- lokuddhārattikattayasaṅgahitaṃ suparisuddhaṃ buddhaguṇasamudayaṃM1.15 niravasesaṃ dasseti .

Ayameva hi buddhaguṇānaṃ niravasesato dassanūpāyo , yadidaṃ nayadassanaṃ .

Itarathā paṭipadavaṇṇanāya aparimitānaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ ko hi nāma samattho pariyantaṃ gantuṃ .

Yathāha –

‘‘ BuddhopiV1.14 buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ ;

Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno ;

Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare ;

Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā ’’ ti .( dī . ni . aṭṭha .3.141; ma . ni . aṭṭha .2.425; udā . aṭṭha .53; apa . aṭṭha .2.7.20; bu . vaṃ . aṭṭha .4.4; cariyā . aṭṭha . nidānakathā , pakiṇṇakakathā ; dī . ni . ṭī .1. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ; ma . ni . ṭī .1. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ; saṃ . ni . ṭī .1.1. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ; a . ni . ṭī .1.1. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ; vajira . ṭī . ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ; sārattha . ṭī .1. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā ; netti . ṭī . ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā );

Evametehi tīhi padehi niravasesaguṇasaṃkittanathutiyā vasena ‘‘ vanditvā ’’ ti iminā paṇāmassa ca vuttattā imāya aḍḍhagāthāya buddharatanasaṅkhātapaṭhamavandanīyavatthuvisayā thutipaṇāmasabhāvā vandanā dassitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tadanantaraṃ dhammaratanassa paṇāmaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘ bhavābhāvakaraṃ dhamman ’’ ti .

Ettha bhava -saddena dve bhavā vuttā kammabhavo , upapattibhavoti .

Tattha kammabhavo bhavati etasmā phalanti ‘‘ bhavo ’’ ti vuccati .

Vipākakkhandhakaṭattārūpasaṅkhāto pana upapattibhavo avijjātaṇhupādānasaṅkhārādisahakārikāraṇayuttena kusalākusalacetanāsaṅkhātakammabhavapaccayena yathārahaṃ bhavatīti ‘‘ bhavo ’’ ti vuccati .

So pana kāmabhavarūpabhavaarūpabhavasaññībhavaasaññībhavanevasaññīnāsaññībhava- ekavokārabhavacatuvokārabhavapañcavokārabhavavasena navavidho .

Evametesu navasu bhavesu dasavidhopi dhammo attānaṃ dhārentassa puggalasantānassa anupādisesanibbānadhātuyā paraṃ appaṭisandhikatāsādhanena bhavesuM1.16 , bhavassa vā abhāvaṃ karotīti bhavābhāvakaro , taṃ , aparāparajātippabandhassa hetusamugghātena appavattidhammatāpādakanti attho .

Dhamman ti attānaṃ dhārente catūsu apāyesu , saṃsāre ca apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo , so catumaggaphalanibbānasaṅkhātanavalokuttaradhammo ca tappaṭipādako navaṅgasāsanāparanāmadheyyacaturāsītisahassadhammakkhandhappabhedabhinno pariyattidhammo cāti dasavidho .

Sopi nippariyāyadhammo , pariyāyadhammoV1.15 cāti duvidho .

Tattha nippariyāyadhammo nāma apāye , saṃsāre vā padhānahetubhūtānaṃ uddhambhāgiyānaṃ , orambhāgiyānañca dasannaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ samucchindanena maggadhammo , tassa taṃkiccanipphattinimittabhāvena nibbānadhammo cāti pañcavidhopi nippariyāyena puggalasantānaṃ dhāretīti katvā ‘‘ nippariyāyadhammo ’’ ti vuccati .

Cattāri pana sāmaññaphalāni paṭippassaddhipahānena maggānuguṇappavattiyā , pariyatti ca magganibbānādhigamassa mūlakāraṇabhāvatoti pañcavidhopi pariyāyadhammo nāma .

Ettāvatā ‘‘ svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo ’’ tiādinā ( saṃ . ni .1.249; a . ni .3.76; dī . ni .3.6; a . ni .6.10,25,26),‘‘ rāgavirāgamanejamasokan ’’ tiādīhi ( vi . va .887) ca suttantehi vuttassa , tadaṭṭhakathādīsu ca vaṇṇitassa saraṇānussaraṇavasenāpi saggamokkhasampattipaṭilābhakāraṇassa anavasesassa dhammaratanaguṇassa nayato uddiṭṭhattā ca ‘‘ vanditvā ’’ ti iminā paṇāmassa dassitattā ca dhammaratanasaṅkhātassa dutiyassa vandanīyassa thutipaṇāmasabhāvā vandanā dassitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

TadanantaraṃM1.17 saṅgharatanassa vandanāsandassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ gaṇañceva niraṅgaṇan ’’ ti .

Ettha ‘‘ rāgo aṅgaṇaṃ doso aṅgaṇaṃ moho aṅgaṇan ’’ ti ( vibha .924) vuttehi rāgādiaṅgaṇehi tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavimuttivasena niggato vimuttoti niraṅgaṇo , taṃ niraṅgaṇaṃ .

Ariyavaṃse sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanasaṅkhātehi guṇagaṇehi gaṇīyatīti gaṇo , taṃ .

Ettāvatā ‘‘ suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho ’’ tiādinā ( saṃ . ni .1.249; a . ni .3.76; dī . ni .3.6; a . ni .6.10,25,26;),‘‘ yattha ca dinnaṃ mahapphalamāhu , catūsu sucīsu purisayugesū ’’ tiādīhi ( vi . va .888) ca tehi tehi suttapadehi vuttānaṃ , tadaṭṭhakathā dīsu ca vaṇṇitānaṃ vimalātulanikhilavisālapesalasīlādinānappakārānagghasaṅgharatanaguṇānaṃ saṃkittanasabhāvāya thutiyā ca ‘‘ vanditvā ’’ ti etena yathāvuttasarūpapabhedapaṇāmassa vuttattā ca saṅgharatanasaṅkhātatatiyavandanīyavatthuvisayā thutippaṇāmasaṅkhātā vandanā dassitāti veditabbā .

Sirasāti attappasādagāravāvahantena muddhanā .

Vanditvāti paṇamitvā thomitvā vā .

EvaṃV1.16 paṭhamagāthāya vandanīyassa ratanattayassa thutippaṇāmasaṅkhātaṃ vandanaṃ dassetvā tadanantarāya sandassetabbapayojanādipaṭipādikāya gāthāya ‘‘ bhikkhūnan ’’ ti iminā kiñcāpi saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhatīti ‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti kalyāṇaputhujjanena saddhiṃ aṭṭha ariyapuggalā vuccanti , pāḷiyaṃ ( pārā .44-45; vibha .510) pana ‘‘ bhinnapaṭaṃ dhāretīti bhikkhu , bhikkhanasīloti bhikkhū ’’ tiādinā bhikkhusaddassa atthuddhāravasena nibbacanantarāni dassetvāM1.18 pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvaraṇārahasseva adhippetabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ samaggena saṅghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampanno , ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhū ’’ ti dassitā sikkhākāmā sāsanāvacārā kulaputtā idhādhippetā , tesaṃ bhikkhūnañca .

Bhikkhunīnañcāti aṭṭhavācikaupasampadākammena ubhatosaṅghe upasampannātādisāyeva kuladhītaro dassitā .

Ekatopasampannāpi sāmaññena gayhanti .

Ekatopasampannāti ca bhikkhunisaṅghe upasampajjitvā yāva bhikkhusaṅghe na upasampajjanti , tāva , bhikkhunī ca liṅgaparivattanena bhikkhunibhāvappattā adhippetā , tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnañca .

Hitatthāyāti sabbasampattinipphādakaraṇatthāya hinoti gacchati yathādhippetaphalasādhane pavattatīti hitanti arogatādikāraṇaṃ amatosadhādi vuccati .

Idha pana saggamokkhasampattisiddhikāraṇaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlarakkhanaṃ vuccati , tadatthāya .

Samāhito sammā āhito pavattito vinicchayamaggo etenāti ‘‘ samāhito ’’ ti pakaraṇakārako dassito .

Atha vā sammā āhitaṃ vinayavinicchaye ṭhapitaṃ pavattitaṃ cittametassāti ‘‘ samāhitacitto ’’ ti vattabbe uttarapadalopena ‘‘ samāhito ’’ ti vutto .

Paramagambhīrasuduttaravinayapiṭakatthavinicchaye pavattanārahassa iminā visesanena attani samāhitacittappavattinimittabhūto attano ñāṇassa padaṭṭhānabhūto samādhi dassito tena samādhinā samāhito hutvāti attho .

Pavakkhāmīti pakārena vakkhāmi , yena pakārena vinayavinicchaye vutte ajjatanā mandasatimativīriyā paṭipajjanakā gambhīrataraṃM1.19 vinayapiṭakatthavinicchayaṃ sukhena uggaṇhituṃ , dhāretuñca sakkonti , tādisena pakāravisesena vakkhāmīti attho .

Samāsenāti samasanaṃ saṃkhipanaṃ samāso , tena , saṃkhittarucikānamugghāṭitaññūnaṃ katādhikārānaṃ ñāṇuttarānaṃ puggalānañcaV1.17 papañcabhīrukānaṃ gahaṇadhāraṇe mandayantānaṃ mandabuddhīnañca upakārakena nātivitthārakkamenāti attho .

Vinayassāti vinayapiṭakassa .

Tañhi –

‘‘ Vividhavisesanayattā ;

Vinayanato ceva kāyavācānaṃ ;

Vinayatthavidūhi ayaṃ ;

Vinayo ‘ vinayo ’ ti akkhāto ’’ ti .( dī . ni . aṭṭha .1. paṭhamasaṅgītikathā ; pārā . aṭṭha .1. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā ; dha . sa . aṭṭha . nidānakathā )–

Vuttehi atthavisesehi ‘‘ vinayo ’’ ti vuccati .

Tassa evaṃ sandassitasabhāvassa ‘‘ vinayo nāma sāsanassa āyū ’’ ti ( dī . ni . aṭṭha .1. paṭhamasaṅgītikathā ; pārā . aṭṭha .1. paṭhamasaṅgītikathā ; khu . pā . aṭṭha .5. paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā ) saṅgītikārakehi mahākassapādīhi abhitthutaguṇassa vinayapiṭakuttamassa .

Vinicchayan ti visesena , vividhena vā ākārena vippaṭipattinīharaṇavasena cīyati vibhajīyatīti ‘‘ vinicchayo ’’ ti laddhanāmaṃ vibhajanaṃ , vinayavinicchayaṃ nāma pakaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti .

‘‘ Vinayassavinicchayan ’’ ti ca aluttasamāsoyaṃ ‘‘ devānaṃpiyatisso , kaṇṭhekāḷo ’’ tiādīsu viya .

Evaṃ dutiyagāthāya kattunimittapayojanābhidhānābhidheyyapakaraṇappakārekadesaṃ dassetvā sakkaccasavanakāraṇanidassanamukhenāpi pakaraṇappakārādiṃ dassetumāha ‘‘ anākula ’’ miccādi .

Tattha anākulan ti natthi ettha saddato , atthato , vinicchayato vā ākulaṃ pubbāparavirodho , missatāM1.20 vāti anākulo , vinayavinicchayo , taṃ vadato me nibodhathāti sambandho .

Asaṃkiṇṇan ti nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ .

Madhuratthapadakkaman ti padānaṃ kamo padakkamo , padagati , saddānamuccāraṇanti attho .

Madhuro attho ca padakkamo ca yassa so madhuratthapadakkamo , taṃ –

‘‘ PadāsattaṃV1.18 padatthānaṃ , madhuratthamudīritaṃ ;

Yena majjanti dhīmanto , madhuneva madhubbatā ’’ ti .

–

Iminā lakkhaṇena saddānamatthānañca vasena padāsattāparanāmadheyyamādhuriyālaṅkārena samalaṅkatattā madhuratthapadakkamaṃ .

Paṭubhāvakaran ti paṭati gacchati pajānātīti paṭu , paññavā , paṭuno bhāvo , saddappavattinimittabhūtā paññā , taṃ paṭubhāvaṃ paññāvisesaṃ karoti janetīti paṭubhāvakaro , taṃ , paññāvisesajanakanti attho .

Etaṃ vinayassa vinicchayanti yojanā .

Paraman ti uttamaṃ .

Vinayakkameti vinayapiṭake , tadatthe ca , pavattikkame paṭubhāvakaranti attho .

Evaṃ tatiyagāthāya pakaraṇaguṇāpadesena sotujanaṃ samussāhetvā idāni ‘‘ apāran ’’ tiādicatutthagāthāya pakaraṇañca tannissayaṃ vinayapiṭakañca nāvāsāgarabhāvena dassetvā tirobhūtopameyyopamānabhedena rūpakālaṅkārena pakaraṇaguṇaṃ pakāsento sotujanaṃ samuttejeti .

Tattha apāran ti natthi pāraṃ etassāti apāro , vinayasāgaro .

So hi purimabuddhuppādesu sāsanaṃ pasīditvā vinayapiṭake uggahaṇadhāraṇapaṭipādanapaṭipattivasena akatādhikārehi puggalehi duradhigamanīyadhammatthaniruttipaṭibhānapariyantatāya ‘‘ apāro ’’ ti vuccati .

Otarantānan tiM1.21 sajjhāyanasavanadhāraṇādivasena ajjhogāhantānaṃ .

Sāran ti nibbānasampāpakabhāvena sārabhūtāya ariyamaggasambhārāya pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyā mūlabhūtapātimokkhasaṃvarasaṅkhātasīlasārappakāsakatāya sāraṃ .

Vinayasāgaran ti vinayapiṭakasaṅkhātaṃ sāgaraṃ .

Vinayo hi sikkhāpadapaññattiyā kālappattajānanassāpi dhammasenāpatiādīnampi avisayattā atigambhīrātivitthiṇṇabhāvena sāgaro viyāti sāgaro , vinayo ca so sāgaro cāti vinayasāgaro , taṃ , agādhāpāraguṇayogato sāgaropamaṃ vinayapiṭakanti attho .

Dutiyagāthāya ‘‘ bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnan ’’ ti vatvāpi ‘‘ hitatthāyā ’’ ti iminā sambandhattā ca vākyantarehi antaritabhāvena dūrattā ca taṃ anādiyitvā ettha vinayasāgarajjhogāhanatadatthapaṭipajjanārahakattuvisesasandassanatthāyaV1.19 ‘‘ bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnan ’’ ti puna vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Nāvā viya bhūto nāvābhūto , taṃ , nāvāṭṭhāniyaṃ mahānāvāsadisanti attho .

Manoraman ti mano ramati ettha , etenāti vā manoramo , taṃ , ajjhāyanavohārapasutānaṃ paṭipattiparāyanānañca sādhūnaṃ manoramanti attho .

Ettāvatā pakaraṇaguṇasaṃkittanena sotujanaṃ samuttejetvā idāni sakkaccasavane niyojento ‘‘ tasmā vinayanūpāyan ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha tasmāti yasmā yathāvuttaṃ anākulatādivividhānagghaguṇālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ , tena hetunāti attho .

Vinayanūpāyan ti vividhākārena , visesanayato vā kāyavācānaṃ nayanaṃ damanaṃ akattabbato nivattetvā kattabbesu niyojanaṃ vinayanaṃ , upecca taṃ phalaṃ āyati uppajjatīti upāyo , hetu , vinayanassa upāyo vinayanūpāyo , taṃ , kāyajīvitānapekkhānaṃ sikkhākāmānaṃ pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ kāyavācānaṃ ananulomikavipphanditāpanayanasaṅkhātadamanassaM1.22 kāraṇabhūtanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Ettāvatā attanā kattumicchite pakaraṇe paṇḍitānaṃ pavattihetubhūtānaṃ anākulatādiguṇānaṃ vibhāvanavasena ‘‘ anākulan ’’ tiādivisesanāni vatvā idāni sakkaccasavanāvabodhe visayaṃ visesitabbaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘ vinayassavinicchayan ’’ ti .

Ettha ca dutiyagāthāya ‘‘ vinayassavinicchayan ’’ ti ‘‘ pavakkhāmī ’’ ti kiriyāya kammadassanavasena vuttaṃ , taṃ idha ānetvā sambandhiyamānampi dūrasambandhaṃ hotīti tamanānetvā ‘‘ nibodhathā ’’ ti imissā kiriyāya kammasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘ vinayassavinicchayan ’’ ti vuttattā punaruttidosābhāvoti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Avikkhittena cittenāti ettha vividhe ārammaṇe khittaṃ pesitaṃ vikkhittaṃ , uddhaccavicikicchādiparetaṃ asamāhitaṃ cittaṃ , na vikkhittaṃ avikkhittaṃ , tappaṭipakkhaṃ samāhitaṃ kusalacittaṃ , tena , etassa pakaraṇuttamassa savanādibyāpāraṃ vinā nānārammaṇesu pavattivasena vikkhepamanāpannena samāhitena cittenāti attho .

‘‘ Avikkhittena … pe … nibodhathā ’’ ti vadantena ca ‘‘ avikkhittassāyaṃ dhammo , nāyaṃ dhammo vikkhittassā ’’ ti vacanato vikkhittassa dhammesu dāyādābhāvato attano pakaraṇatthabhūtāya adhisīlasikkhāya sammāpaṭipajjanāpadeso kato hoti .

VadatoV1.20 meti ettha ‘‘ gāravena cā ’’ ti pāṭhaseso .

Tatthāyamattho – bhāsamāne mayi gāravena , yathāvuttena kāraṇena cāti sāmibhummānamavisesatāya ‘‘ me ’’ ti sāmivacanassa ‘‘ mayī ’’ ti atthasambhavato ayamattho vutto .

Pakaraṇassa anākulatādiguṇasamannāgatattā ca vattari mayi gāravena ca samāhitena cetasāti adhippāyo .

Nibodhathāti vākyatthapadatthaṃ sandhāyabhāsitatthabhāvatthādivasenaM1.23 nisesato bodhatha , sakkaccaṃ sutvā vinayavinicchayaṃ bujjhatha vijānāthāti attho , cintābhāvanāmayañāṇānaṃ mūlabhūtapakaraṇavisayaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ nipphādethāti adhippāyo .

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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