问题
选择版本
Dhammasaṅgaṇī-aṭṭhakathā
Dhammasaṅgaṇī-aṭṭhakathā

Akusalapadaṃ

作者: Nissaya的AI翻译 @ JJ

Word-by-word & summary: tattha ထိုဒေါသဗျာပါဒတို့တွင် (among those dosa and byāpāda) tena ထိုသဘောတရားဖြင့် (by that nature/dhamma) (sampayuttadhammā) dussanti ပျက်စီးကုန်၏ (the associated dhammas are corrupted/spoiled) iti ကြောင့် (therefore) so သည် doso မည်၏ (it is called doso). vā တစ်နည်း (alternatively) sayaṃ မိမိကိုယ်တိုင် dussati ပျက်စီးတတ်၏ (it itself corrupts/spoils) iti (thus) so သည် doso မည်၏ (it is called doso). vā တစ်နည်း taṃ ထိုသဘောတရားသည် dussanamattameva ပျက်စီးခြင်းမျှသာတည်း (it is merely corruption itself) iti ကြောင့် doso မည်၏ (therefore called doso). Characteristics: so ထိုဒေါသသည် pahaṭāsīviso viya ပုတ်ခတ်အပ်သော မြွေဆိုးကဲ့သို့ (like a beaten poisonous snake) caṇḍikkalakkhaṇo ကြမ်းတမ်းသောပုဂ္ဂိုလ်၏ ဖြစ်ကြောင်းဖြစ်ရာ လက္ခဏာရှိ၏ (has the characteristic of fierceness/violence). asanipāto viya မိုးကြိုး၏ကျခြင်းကဲ့သို့ visappanaraso အနိဋ္ဌရုပ်၏ တစ်ကိုယ်လုံး၌ ပျံ့နှံ့ခြင်းဟူသော သမ္ပတ္တိရသရှိ၏ (has the function of spreading unpleasantness throughout the body like lightning). vā ဖောက်ဖောက်ပြန်ပြန် ဖြစ်ခြင်းဟူသော ကိစ္စရသရှိ၏ (or the function of turning upside down/reversing). vā တစ်နည်း dāvaggiviya တောမီးကဲ့သို့ attano ဌ ော nissaya dahanaraso မှီရာ ဟဒယ ဝတ္ထုရုပ်ကို လောင်ကျွမ်းခြင်းကိစ္စရှိ၏ (or like a forest fire, has the function of burning its support, the heart-base). laddhokāso ဖျက်ဆီးဖို့ရန်ရအပ်သော အခွင့်အလမ်းရှိသော sapatto viya ရန်သူကဲ့သို့ dussanapaccupaṭṭhāno ဖျက်ဆီးတတ်သောတရားဟု ယောဂီတို့ဉာဏ်အား ရှေးရှုထင်လာ၏ (appears to yogins as an enemy ready to destroy, manifesting as corruption). visasaṃsaṭṭhapūtimuttaṃviya အဆိပ်ဖြင့် ရောအပ်သော ကျင်ငယ်ပုပ်ကဲ့သို့ āghātavatthupadaṭṭhāno အာဃာတဝတ္ထုလျှင် နီးစွာသော အကြောင်းရှိ၏ဟူ၍ ဒဋ္ဌဗ္ဗော (should be seen as having āghāta-vatthu as proximate cause, like poison mixed with putrid urine). [The ten āghāta-vatthu will appear in the nikkhepa-kaṇḍa, hetuduka-niddesa.]

Readable English: Among those dosa and byāpāda, by that nature/dhamma the associated dhammas are corrupted/spoiled — therefore it is called doso. Alternatively, because it itself corrupts/spoils, it is called doso. Or because it is merely corruption itself, it is called doso. That hatred has the characteristic of fierceness like a beaten poisonous snake, the function of spreading unpleasantness throughout the body like lightning (or of turning things upside down), the function of burning its support (the heart-base) like a forest fire, appears to yogins as an enemy ready to destroy (corrupting both opposing dhammas and the being it inhabits), and should be seen as having āghāta-vatthu (objects of resentment) as proximate cause, like poison mixed with putrid urine. [The ten āghāta-vatthu appear in the nikkhepa-kaṇḍa, hetuduka-niddesa.]

Readable Chinese: 在那些嗔与嗔怒之中,由于那法性使相应法败坏/污染——因此称为“doso”。另一种解释:由于它自身败坏/污染,故称“doso”。或因它仅是败坏本身,故称“doso”。那嗔具有如被打的毒蛇般的凶猛特相,如闪电般将不悦扩散全身的功能(或颠倒的功能),如野火般焚烧其所依(心所依处)的功能,在瑜伽行者智中显现为准备破坏的敌人(败坏对立法与所依众生),应视为以āghāta-vatthu(怨憎对象)为近因,如毒与腐尿混合。 [十种āghāta-vatthu将在nkkhepa-kaṇḍa、hetuduka-niddesa中出现。]

Word-by-word: tena ထိုသဘောတရားဖြင့် (by that nature/dhamma) cittaṃ သည် byāpajjati ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသို့ရောက်တတ်၏ (the mind becomes corrupted/deranged) pūtibhāvaṃ ပုပ်သည်၏အဖြစ်သို့ upagacchati ကပ်ရောက်တတ်၏ (attains the state of putridity/decay) iti ကြောင့် (therefore) so byāpādo မည်၏ (it is called byāpādo). vā တစ်နည်း (alternatively) (yo သဘာဝေါ) vinayācāra rūpasampatti hitasukhādīni ဝိနည်း မျိုးရိုးအကျင့်ရုပ်အဆင်း၏ပြည့်စုံခြင်းစီးပွါးချမ်းသာ အစရှိသော ကောင်းကျိုးတို့ကို byāpādayati ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသို့ ရောက်စေတတ်၏ (causes the corruption/derangement of discipline, conduct, beauty, welfare, happiness, etc.) iti (so) byāpādo မည်၏ (it is called byāpādo).

Readable English: By that nature/dhamma, the mind becomes corrupted/deranged and attains the state of putridity/decay — therefore it is called byāpādo. Alternatively, because it causes the corruption/derangement of discipline, conduct, physical beauty, welfare, happiness, and so forth, it is called byāpādo.

Readable Chinese: 由于那法性,心变得败坏/颠倒,并达到腐朽/堕落的状态——因此称为“byāpādo”。另一种解释:由于它使戒律、行为、形貌圆满、利益安乐等善果败坏/颠倒,因此称为“byāpādo”。

Word-by-word: pana ဆက် (furthermore) esa (eso) ဤဗျာပါဒဟူသည် atatto ဒေါသပင်တည်း (this byāpāda is none other than dosa itself). ["အထက်၌ ပြအပ်ခဲ့သော ဒေါသပင်တည်း" ဟူလို (meaning “it is the dosa already explained above”).]

Readable English: Furthermore, this byāpāda is none other than dosa itself [i.e., it is the dosa that was explained above].

Readable Chinese: 而且,此“byāpāda”无非就是“doso”本身 [即上文已说明的嗔]。

Word-by-word: idha ဤနဝမအကုသိုလ်စိတ်၌ (in this ninth unwholesome consciousness) pada paṭipāṭiyā ပုဒ်အစဉ်အားဖြင့် (by the sequence of words) ekūnatiṃsa တစ်ခုယုတ် ၃၀-သော padāni တရားအစုတို့သည် ဟောန္တိ (twenty-nine terms are stated).

Readable English: In this ninth unwholesome consciousness, twenty-nine terms are stated in sequence.

Readable Chinese: 在此第九不善心识中,以词序宣说了二十九个法名。

Word-by-word: aggahitaggaṇena ယူအပ်ပြီးသော တရားတို့ကို မယူခြင်းအားဖြင့် (by not taking what has already been taken) cuddasa သော (ပဒါနိ ဟောန္တိ) (fourteen terms are stated).

Readable English: By not taking (repeating) what has already been taken, fourteen terms are stated.

Readable Chinese: 通过不重复已取之法,而宣说了十四个词。

Word-by-word: tesaṃ ထို ၁၄-ပါးသောတရားအစုတို့၏ vasena ဖြင့် (by means of those fourteen terms) savibhattikā vibhattika rāsibhedo သဝိဘတ္တိက အဝိဘတ္တိကအပြားရာသီအပြားကို (the distinction between those with case-endings and without) veditabbo န်၏ (should be understood). [That distinction can be seen at the end of the first mahākusala dhammuddesa section.]

Readable English: By means of those fourteen terms, the distinction between those with case-endings (savibhattikā) and without (vibhattika) should be understood. [That distinction appears at the end of the first mahākusala dhammuddesa section.]

Readable Chinese: 依彼十四法,应知有格尾(savibhattikā)与无格尾(vibhattika)的区别。[该区别可在第一大善法解释段落的结尾见到。]

Word-by-word translation: dosaniddese (in the explanation of dosa) ဒေါသနိဒ္ဒေသ၌ (in the dosa-niddesa) (အတ္ထော ဧဝံ ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗော) (the meaning thus should be known)၊ (ယော သဘာဝေါ) (which nature) dussati (deteriorates) ပျက်စီးတတ်၏ (tends to be destroyed) ဣတိ (thus), (သော) (that)၊ doso (dosa) မည်၏ (is called).

Complete readable English sentence: In the explanation of dosa, the meaning should be understood in this way: the nature that tends to deteriorate, that is called dosa.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 在瞋恚的解釋中,意義應如此理解:那種傾向於毀壞的本性,那稱為瞋恚。

Word-by-word translation: dussanāti (dussana is) ကား (namely) dussanākāro (the mode of deteriorating) ပျက်စီးခြင်းဟူသော (called deteriorating) အခြင်းအရာတည်း (is the condition).

Complete readable English sentence: Dussana means the mode or condition called deteriorating.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: Dussana 意為稱為毀壞的模式或狀況。

Word-by-word translation: dussitatthanti (dussita-attha is) ကား (namely) dussitabhāvo (the state of being deteriorated) ပျက်စီးသောစိတ်၏ (of the deteriorated mind) ဖြစ်ကြောင်းဖြစ်ရာတည်း (is the cause of becoming).

Complete readable English sentence: Dussita-attha means the state or cause of becoming of the deteriorated mind.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: Dussita-attha 意為已毀壞心識的狀態或成因。

Word-by-word translation: pakatibhāva (original state) vijahanaṭṭhena (by the sense of abandoning) ပင်ကိုယ်သဘောကို (the innate nature) စွန့်ခြင်းဟူသော (called abandoning) အနက်သဘောအားဖြင့် (by the meaning-sense) byāpajjanaṃ (perversion) ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသို့ရောက်ခြင်းသည် (reaching perversion) byāpatti (byapatti) မည်၏ (is called).

Complete readable English sentence: By the sense of abandoning the original innate nature, the reaching of perversion is called byapatti.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 藉由捨棄本有本性的意義,達到顛倒的狀態稱為 byapatti。

Word-by-word translation: byāpajjanāti (byapajjana is) ကား (namely) byāpajjanākāro (the mode of reaching perversion) ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသို့ရောက်ခြင်းဟူသော (called reaching perversion) အခြင်းအရာတည်း (is the condition) (ယော သဘာဝေါ) (which nature).

Complete readable English sentence: Byapajjana means the mode or condition called reaching perversion, which is its nature.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: Byapajjana 意為稱為達到顛倒的模式或狀況,這是其本性。

Word-by-word translation: virujjhati (opposes) ဆန့်ကျင်တတ်၏ (tends to oppose) ဣတိ (thus), (သော) (that)၊ virodho (opposition) မည်၏ (is called) (ယော သဘာဝေါ) (which nature).

Complete readable English sentence: That which tends to oppose, thus that is called opposition, which is its nature.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 那種傾向於對抗的,因此那稱為對抗,這是其本性。

Word-by-word translation: punappunaṃ (repeatedly) အဖန်ဖန် (repeatedly) (ပဋိ၏အဖွင့်) (explanation of pati) virujjhati (opposes) ၏ (of) ဣတိ (thus), (သော) (that)၊ paṭivirodho (counter-opposition) ၏ (of).

Complete readable English sentence: It opposes repeatedly (in the explanation of pati), thus that is of counter-opposition.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 它反覆對抗(在 pati 的解釋中),因此那是反對抗的。

Word-by-word translation: vā (or) တစ်နည်း (alternatively) idaṃ (this) ဤဝိရောဓောပဋိဝိရောဓော (this virodha-pativirodha) ဟူသော (called) ပုဒ် ၂-ပါးအပေါင်းကို (the two terms together) viruddhā,pe,vasena (by the mode of opposed, etc.) ဆန့်ကျင်သော (opposed) ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်စိတ်၏အခြင်းအရာအဖန်ဖန် (repeatedly the condition of person's mind) ဆန့်ကျင်သော (opposed) ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်စိတ်၏အခြင်းအရာ၏ (of the condition of person's mind) အစွမ်းဖြင့် (by the power) vuttaṃ (is said) ပြီ (already).

Complete readable English sentence: Alternatively, this combination of the two terms virodha and pativirodha is said by the power of the repeated condition of the opposed person's mind, etc.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 或者,這兩個詞 virodha 和 pativirodha 的組合,是藉由反覆對抗之人的心識狀況的力量而說的。

Word-by-word translation: caṇḍo (fierce) ကြမ်းတမ်းသော (harsh) thaddhapuggalo (stubborn person) ခက်ထန်သော (harsh) ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်ကို (person to) caṇḍiko (candika) စဏ္ဍိကဟူ၍ (called candika) ဝုစ္စတိ (is said).

Complete readable English sentence: A harsh, stubborn person is called candika.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 粗暴、頑固的人被稱為 candika。

Word-by-word translation: tassa (of that) ထိုကြမ်းတမ်းသော (that harsh) ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်၏ (of person) bhāvo (state) သည် (is) caṇḍikkaṃ (candikka) မည်၏ (is called).

Complete readable English sentence: The state of that harsh person is called candikka.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 那粗暴之人的狀態稱為 candikka。

Word-by-word translation: etena (by this) ဤဒေါသသည် (this dosa is) vā (or) ကြောင့် (because) suropitaṃ (well-formed) ကောင်းစွာဖြစ်စေအပ်သော (should be well-made) vacanaṃ (speech) စကားလုံးသည် (word is) na hoti (does not become) မဖြစ် (not become) duruttaṃ(eva) (harshly spoken only) မကောင်းသဖြင့် (badly) ပြောဆိုအပ်သောစကားသည်သာ (spoken speech only) aparipuṇṇameva (incomplete only) မပြည့်စုံသော (not complete) စကားသည်သာ (speech only) hoti (becomes) ဖြစ်၏ (becomes) iti (thus) ကြောင့် (because) asuropo (asuropa) မည်၏ (is called).

Complete readable English sentence: Because of this dosa, well-formed speech does not occur; only harshly spoken, incomplete speech occurs, thus it is called asuropa.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 由於此瞋恚,良好形成的言語不會發生;只有粗魯說出的、不完整的言語發生,因此稱為 asuropa。

Word-by-word translation: hi (indeed) မှန် (true) kuddhakāle (at time of anger) စိတ်ဆိုးရာအခါ၌ (at angry time) paripuṇṇavacanaṃnāma (complete speech called) ပြည့်စုံသောစကားမည်သည် (complete speech is) natthi (does not exist) မရှိ (not exist).

Complete readable English sentence: Indeed, at the time of anger, there is no such thing as complete speech.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 的確,在憤怒之時,沒有所謂完整的言語。

kassaci (of some) အချို့ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်တို့၏ (of some persons) (အချို့ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်မှာ) (in some persons,) paripuṇṇavacanaṃ (complete speech) ပြည့်စုံသောစကားသည် (complete speech is) sacepihoti (if it occurs) အကယ်၍မူလည်းဖြစ်စေဦးတော့ (even if it happens) [တချို့ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်မှာ စကားအပြော ကျွမ်းကျင်သောကြောင့် ဒေါသထွက်စေကာမူစကားကို ပြည့်စုံအောင် ပြောနိုင်၏၊ ] (some persons skilled in speaking can speak completely even in anger,) (evaṃsatipi (even so) ဤသို့ဖြစ်ပါသော်လည်း (even though this) taṃ (that) ထိုအချို့ပုဂ္ဂိုလ်အတွက် (for those persons) စကား၏ ပြည့်စုံခြင်းသည် (the completeness of speech) appamāṇaṃ (not a measure) နှိုင်းယှဉ်ကြောင်း ပမာဏ မဟုတ် (not a comparable measure).

Complete readable English sentence: In some persons, complete speech may occur even if [some persons, due to skill in speaking, can speak completely even when anger arises], even so, that completeness of speech for those persons is not a comparable measure.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 在某些人中,完整的言語可能發生,即使[某些人由於說話熟練,即使在瞋恚生起時也能完整說話],即使如此,那些人言語的完整性不是可比較的衡量。

Word-by-word translation: pana (however) ဝါဒန္တရကား (another view is) apare (other) တစ်ပါးသော (some) ဆရာတို့သည် (teachers) assujananaṭṭhena (by the sense of producing tears) မျက်ရည်ကိုဖြစ်စေတတ်သည်၏ (of causing tears) အဖြစ်ဟူသောအနက်အားဖြင့် (by the meaning of being) (ဝဒန္တိ၌စပ်) (in connection with vadanti,) assuropanato (from causing tears) မျက်ရည်ကိုဖြစ်စေတတ်သည်၏ (of causing tears) အဖြစ်ကြောင့် (because of being) assuro‌poti (assuropa) ဟူ၍ (called) vadanti (say) ၏ (of).

Complete readable English sentence: However, in another view, some other teachers say that by the sense of producing tears (in connection with vadanti), because of causing tears, it is called assuropa.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 然而,在另一觀點中,一些其他老師說,藉由產生眼淚的意義(與 vadanti 相關),由於引起眼淚,因此稱為 assuropa。

Word-by-word translation: taṃ (that) ထို (that) မျက်ရည်ကိုဖြစ်စေခြင်းဟူသော (called causing tears) အကြောင်းသည် (cause is) akāraṇaṃ (not the reason) လိုရင်းအကြောင်း မဟုတ် (not the essential cause) (kasmā (why) နည်း (is it) somanassassāpi (even of joy) သောမနဿဝေဒနာလည်း (joy feeling also) assujananato (from causing tears) မျက်ရည်ကိုဖြစ်စေတတ်သည်၏အဖြစ်ကြောင့်တည်း (because of being causing tears).

Complete readable English sentence: That cause called causing tears is not the essential reason (why? Because even the feeling of joy causes tears).

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 那稱為引起眼淚的原因不是本質原因(為什麼?因為即使喜悅的感受也引起眼淚)。

Word-by-word translation: heṭṭhā (below) ၌ (in) vuttaattamanatāpaṭipakkhato (from the opposite of stated attamanata) ဆိုအပ်ပြီ‌းသောအတ္တမနတာ၏ (of the already said attamanata) ဆန့်ကျင်ဘက်၏အဖြစ်ကြောင့် (because of being opposite) attamanatā (attamanata) အတ္တမနတာသည် (attamanata is) na (not) မဟုတ် (not) iti (thus) ကြောင့် (because) anattamanatā (anattamanata) မည်၏ (is called).

Complete readable English sentence: Because of being the opposite of the attamanata stated below, attamanata is not, thus it is called anattamanata.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 由於是下面所述 attamanata 的對立,因此 attamanata 不是,因此稱為 anattamanata。

Word-by-word translation: pana (furthermore) ဆက် (continuing) yasmā (because) ,sā (that) ထိုအနတ္တမနတာသည် (that anattamanata is) cittasseva (of mind only) စိတ်၏သာလျှင် (of mind alone) (anattamanatā (anattamanata) သည် (is) ဟောတိ (occurs))၊ sattassa (of being) သတ္တဝါ၏ (of sentient being) (anattamanatā (anattamanata) သည် (is) na (not) မဟုတ် (not) tasmā (therefore) ,cittassāti (of mind thus) ဟူ၍ (called) vuttaṃ (is said) ပြီ (already).

Complete readable English sentence: Furthermore, because that anattamanata occurs only in the mind, not in the sentient being, therefore it is said "of the mind".

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 此外,因為那 anattamanata 只發生在心識中,不是在有情眾生中,因此說「心識的」。

Word-by-word translation: sesaṃ (the rest) ကြွင်းသော (remaining) အစီအရင်ကို (arrangement to) ettha (here) ဤနဝမအကုသိုလ်စိတ်၌လည်းကောင်း (in this ninth unwholesome mind also) saṅgahasuññatavāresuca (in sangaha and sunnata sections also) သင်္ဂဟဝါရသုညတဝါရတို့၌လည်းကောင်း (in inclusion and emptiness chapters also) heṭṭhā (below) အောက် (under) ပဌမမဟာကုသိုလ်စိတ်၌ (in the first great wholesome mind) ဝုတ္တနယေနေဝ (by the method said) ဝေဒိတဗ္ဗံ (should be known), iti (thus) အပြီးတည်း (end is) navamaṃ (the ninth) သည် (is) niṭṭhitaṃ (completed) ပြီ (already).

Complete readable English sentence: The remaining arrangement here in this ninth unwholesome mind and also in the inclusion and emptiness sections should be known by the method said below in the first great wholesome mind; thus the ninth is completed.

Complete readable Chinese sentence: 這裡剩餘的安排,在此第九不善心識中以及在包容和空性章節中,應以下面第一大善心識中所說的方法來理解;因此第九已完成。